Hondo Gaugamela. Aleksandr Makedonsky uye Dhariyasi: Hondo Gaugamela

Hondo Gaugamela kwakaitika muna 331 BC. e. Rakanga yokupedzisira kurwisana pakati mauto mambo wePezhiya Dhariusi III uye Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Hondo kwakaitika pamwe zvinokosha ukuru nevaPezhiya. Paiva zana anoverengeka zviuru vanhu, uye pamusoro ezviuru vehondo Greek-Macedonian akarwa. Pakutanga pavanotaurirana Parmenion - mukuru wehondo kuyambuka Great - kutambura inokosha zvikuru kurasikirwa. Alexander akarayira rworudyi parutivi uye akaita rinonyengera uye zvisingatarisirwi zvachose rinoshamisa. Izvi zvakaita nokunyadzwa mambo wePersia, uye akasiya dzeminda. Somugumisiro, hondo Macedonian akunda. Chii chaizvo chakaitika? Uye sezvo hondo akaenda, izvo inokanganikwa, uye nhasi?

Aleksandr Makedonsky

Famous mutungamiri uto akararama mumakore 356-323 BC. The kukunda Aleksandra Makedonskogo akava mumwe mukuru zviitiko munhoroondo yevanhu vose. On pavo akadzikama epics uye ngano, filmed uye zvakanyorwa chinyorwa nesayenzi. Alexander aiva mubati Macedonia uye muvambi Hellenistic wehurumende nyika. Great aiva mwanakomana waMambo Philip II uye mwanasikana namambo Molosser yeOlympic. A mwana akarerwa ane revatongi mweya: akadzidzisa masvomhu, kunyora, kuridza mbira. mudzidzisi wake akanga Aristotle pachake. Kutongwa uye wechiuto hunhu, Alexander akanga atova hwake. Sezvo mutongi remangwana aigona pamusoro simba rinoshamisa, uye kuti akakwanisa kupingudza Bucephalus - bhiza, izvo haana kubvumira kudzidzisa munhu.

Hedzino dzimwe misi chinozikamwa munhau, izvo vakarumbidza mambo Macedonian:

• kutanga August 338 BC. e. - hondo mutongi-makore 16 akunda hondo chiGiriki;
• Muzvinzwe 335 BC. e. - mushandirapamwe kuti akaunza kukunda pamusoro Alexander gomo Thracians, Illyrians uye triballi;
• chando makore 334-333 BC. e. Macedonian akakwanisa kukunda muPamufiria uye muRisia.

Asi zvakadaro havana mazita yose kukunda guru wehondo.

kukunda

Vose kwaAlexander Mukuru ungangova kutsanangura mune mitsara shoma, asi vamwe vachiri ukoshi nezvenyu. Kamwe mugore 335 BC. e. Alexander akazivisa amene mambo, iye akaisa zvaanoda vaya angatsunga Vaimupandukira: Ava ndivo mauto kuchamhembe chikamu Macedonia. Naiyewo akarova Illyrians uye vakavadzinga kuna Danube.

Ipapo Great akanga woutsinye nokuda vakazvigadzirira yemuna vaGiriki. Akakundawo Thebes uye haana kurega simba Athens. Nokukurumidza pashure pacho, nehondo yake guru ramambo nevaPezhiya akakunda mauto uye nokudaro akaisa ayo kuda muAsia Minor. A musi munhoroondo zvinoratidza kuti Alexander rave akarwa Dhariusi III uye Makakunda payo. Kokutanga zvakaitika muna 333 BC. e. Zvadaro, kuyambuka Taurus, pana Issus kurwa kwakaitika pakati varwi vaviri vemauto zvikuru. Asi akakunda Great, mambo wePersia kumanikidzwa zvitizire Bhabhironi.

Ndakarashirwa mutongi Alexander akapa vamwe runyararo mazwi. Asi haana kuzvigamuchira. Akasarudza kukunda nyika, iri kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo kweGungwa reMediterranean. Uyewo Great mufashoni Illyria, ipapo Palestine, uye ipapo Egipita. Munyika mapiramidhi akavaka Alexandria. Zvino waiva wo Hondo Gaugamela.

Zvikonzero kurwa

Sezvo muverengi achitoziva, zviitiko izvi kwakaitika muna 331 BC. e. Nokuti vaviri makore asati Dhariyasi III akatanga vakakundwa nemuvengi waro. Ipapo Persian aida runyararo uye akabayira matarenda Macedon 10,000 sorudzikinuro mhuri dzavo akabatwa. Uyezve, mambo wePersia Dhariusi yakagadzirira kubhadhara mwanasikana wake Alexandra satire. Her roora akanga vaifungidzira ive kubva Hellespont, uye kusvikira Yufratesi. Uyewo, Darius III akanga akagadzirira chibvumirano uye rugare muvengi wako.

Chii yakapa Persian, waiona zvakakosha Alexander, saka akanga zvakurukurwa izvi zvose pamwe vatsigiri vayo. Mumwe kupera Macedon, Parmenion, akati aizoita kugamuchira ose ezvinhu, kuva paImba nzvimbo Alexander. Asi kwete zvavo manyorerwo oda kupinzwa nomumwe munhu. Saka akati kuti aizova akabvuma pfungwa, kana vaiva nomukana kuva panzvimbo Parmenion. Asi sezvo iye - Aleksandr Veliky, uye kwete mumwe munhu, kana kuti zvipere-moto handingaendi.

Dhariusi akanga atumira tsamba runoenzanirana, iyo yaiti hapana munhu ane kodzero kuraira guru wavarwi. Uye mwanasikana mukadzi ane Persian aizova Mukuru chete kana ekupedzisira pachake saka zvido, nekuti mhuri yose ndiyo muvengi musimba rake. Alexander akanyora kuti kana Dhariusi achida rugare, ipapo vauye tenzi wake sezvo nyaya yake. Pashure shoko rakadaro Dhariyasi III akatanga kugadzirira hondo chaiyo.

uto vavengi

Hondo Aleksandra Makedonskogo vagara dzakadeura ropa uye kunounza yakawanda kurasikirwa vavengi. Pashure pezvose, hondo wokuMacedonia yakanga vazhinji. Kugadzirira hondo Gaugamela, izvozvo vaisvika 40 zviuru inifanduri navatasvi vamabhiza vane zviuru zvinomwe. Asi nevaPezhiya vakanga ukuru pauwandu rinorema. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvirevi kuvhiringa Mukuru, sezvo vakawanda wehondo yamambo kwaisanganisira vakanyatsodzidziswa masoja pamwe ruzivo. Darius III hondo kuverengwa 250 zviuru. People, ramakagadzwa paiva 30 zviuru. Varwi kubva Greece uye 12 zviuru. Baktrians ndashandisa mabhiza.

Sezvo takapfuura rwaYufratesi

Hondo Gaugamela akatanga nepfungwa yokuti, pashure nepamahofisi weSiria, mauto wokuMacedonia vakauya Yufratesi. hondo Persian aifanira kudzivirira kuyambuka. Asi nevaPezhiya akanyangarika mangoti vakaona chikuru mauto vavengi vavo. Naizvozvo, Alexander akakwanisa kukunda nyore rwaYufratesi uye kuramba kufora kumabvazuva. Dhariusi haana kurambidza Great. Iye, pamwe chete nehondo yake vavengi vakamirira pabani, riri zvakakwana akakodzera kuti nekutumirwa kwemauto ehondo uye kukundwa vokuMakedhoniya. The duku mumusha Gaugamela yaiva musuo pedyo mubani iri.

Tiger uye nani hondo Dhariusi

Muna September, akaenda kurwizi rwaTigirisi Aleksandr Makedonsky (Hondo Gaugamela, mumwe mabasa ake akawanda, aingova vhuu). Vasungwa, vakanga vagara dzinovabata, akati kuti Dhariusi vaizotadzisa kukupesanisa vokuMakedhoniya kuburikidza Dam ichi. Asi pashure Guru vakatanga kuyambuka rwizi, kwakanga kusina munhu pakatarisana bhengi. The nevaPezhiya vakanga kugadzirira kurwiswa mune imwe.

Zvichakadaro, hondo Darius III vakanga hwakavandudzika uye vakanatswa zvombo zvavo. Saka, kusvikira nomusimboti uye drawbar ngoro vakanamatira zano wakarodzwa. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti vezvikwata izvi zvinofanira kukonzera nokurasikirwa kukuru pamusoro mauto muvengi. inifanduri zvombo zvakare kuva simba.

Hondo yakatanga

The rworudyi parutivi of Great zvakanaka, obliquely mberi huru mutsetse. Dhariusi akaraira kuruboshwe bapiro yake vakapoteredza rworudyi parutivi nomuvengi. The vatasvi vemabhiza vakamhanya kuti uhuite. Alexander zvakare akarayira emauto Greek kurova, asi vanhu vake vakakundikana. Asi Darius urongwa hadzina akaziva.

Alexander Winning

Hondo Gaugamela chakanga. Pakupedzisira Darius III akatiza nehondo yekurwira yakafanana nashkodivshy katsi. Pasinei nehondo yake havana vakawanda Macedonian akakwanisa kukunda nokuda njere dzake uye kungwara. hondo iyi kwakaratidza kuguma hwePersia uye mutongi wayo akaurayiwa yake vatsigiri anofungidzirwa. Aleksandr Makedonsky, pashure muhondo yakadaro inokosha akunda kukunda zhinji uye kuwedzera ayo muridzi hausi simba.