Kutadza-kusina nzira yekusanganisa shoko. Mashoko akaumbwa nenzira isina-suffix: mienzaniso

Nzira isina mazwi yeshoko rakagadzirwa yakasiyana nedzimwe. Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka mumufananidzo.

Munzvimbo dzakawanda, hapana chakataurwa pamusoro payo, haisi kusarudzwa semhando yekuzvimirira yekuumba mashoko. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kunoda ruzivo rwenzira yaro. Saka, zvakafanira kuziva nezvazvo. Chero zvazvingava, vose vakapedza chikoro chechikoro vanogona kukwanisa kuwana mazwi mumagwaro, nenzira isina-suffix. Kuumbwa kwekwanisi iyi kunotanga nekukudziridzwa kweunyanzvi hwekutaura mazwi-kuvaka.

A kuongorora kwakabva

Yakagadzirwa maererano neurongwa, panguva iyo yakatemwa:

• Chii chinonzi lexical zvinoreva izwi?
• Kubva pashoko ripi rakaumbwa?
• Nekubatsira kweiyo yakaumbwa?
• Ndeipi nzira yakagadzirwa?

Kana iwe uchitaura shoko rokuti "kunyarara", iwe unoda kupindura mibvunzo iri pamusoro apa:

1. Izwi rinoreva izwi iri "mamiriro ekunyarara".
2. Yakaumbwa kubva pashoko rokuti "kunyarara".
3. Yakanga yakagadzirwa nokucheka chikwata.
4. Non-suffix method.

Nokudaro tinoita shanduro yemashoko kubva pane zvakapiwa pamufananidzo wemashoko aya:

"Smooth" - smooth - gla [d '] - pasina chikwata

"Mwari" - Mwari - Mwari [d]] - Suffix

"Nyasha" -kunyadzisa-kuvonga [t '] - non-suffix

Sezvaunogona kuona, kwete mazwi ose asina chiremera anoumbwa nenzira yekucheka iyi morpheme.

Nzira isina-suffix yemashoko ekugadzirwa

Nenzira iyi mashoko anoumbwa nenzira yezvero zvigwaro. Izvi zvinorevei?

Zero rinoreva chikwereti chisingatauri mukutaura kana kunyora, asi kusina kwayo kunokosha - inoumba shoko idzva kana kuti chimiro chezwi.

Chinhu chakadaro chinogona kutaurwa ne Ø.

Semuenzaniso, nerubatsiro rwemashoko anokwana zero anoumbwa - unyanzvi: kubata, kunya. Mamwe mazita emutauro wepachimiro anogadzirwa nenzira iyi: kudonha, kusunungura.

Mashoko akafanana munguva yedu ari kupararira nokukurumidza nekuda kwezvinobudisa nhau: inovaka, yakanaka, ukama hwepedyo , nezvimwe.

Mashoko akaumbwa nenzira isiri-suffix anowanzoreva zvinoreva munhu: zvakanyanyisa, fan, mazamu, zvisina kufanira , nezvimwewo.

Iwe haugoni kukanganisa zero-forming nechiringi che zero-shoko-formative chikwata.

Chikwata chekuumba zero zvigwaro

Chiyero chakadaro ndechokuti zviito zvese uye zvinoshanda kuita chiito chimiro:

• Mumimai wepabonde wepanguva yapfuura: wakatorwa-ne Ø;
• Kuzvipira kwemamiriro ezvinhu: kwaizooma - yakasva;
• Imperative: kugara.

Zero-based zero suffix

Izvo zvine mazwi akaumbwa nenzira isina-suffix. Kazhinji kazhinji zvinowanzoitika mumasita, dzimwe nguva muchidimbu, nhamba, zvirevo.

Pano pane mamiriro maviri maviri pasi pekuti Ø yakagoverwa.

1. Unofanira kuva nemafananidzi - isiri yero chiyero: renje-iwe uri dongo;
2. Iine shoko rinoitika: renje matsi, somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "gam" harina shoko rinogadzira, shoko iri harisi-rinobva, harina chinokwana, kunyange zero.

Nounes ne zero shoko-formative zvikwata

Zita racho, rakaumbwa nenzira isina-suffix, rinobudiswa kubva

• Verb uye ane:

1. Izvo zvinyorwa kukosha kwechiito: svetuka - svetuka, t kufamba - famba t, kumhanya - kumhanya;
2. Chinangwa chinoreva zvinoreva kana munhu anoita chiito: kumuka-kutema, kutungamirira-kumutungamiri, (ice to prick) - icebreaker, (steel to cook) - mushandi wesimbi;
3. Kukosha kwechiitiko chekuita : kuderedza - kuvhara, kuzadza bhayi, kuswedera-kuswedera, kubvisa-kubvisa;
4. Kukosha kwechimwe chinhu kana chigumisiro chechiito: kuwedzera - mutsara, kupa-dart, kuputika-kuputika Ø;

• Adjective uye ane:

1. Abstract kukosha kwechiratidzo: runyararo-runyararo, t-runononoka - runononoka, yakadzika-yakadzika;
2. Kukosha kwechitarisiko chechiratidzo: anonzwisisa - unyanzvi Ø, Kurilian - Kuriles, ngarava Ø;
3. Kukosha kwomunhu anoita chiito: kushungurudzika kuri kuchema, uye basa rinoshandiswa.

• Noun uye ane:

1. Zvinoreva yevakadzi: kum-kum, lis-lis;
2. Kuunganidza pamwe chete: dema - dema, Ø - kukura;
3. Zvinoreva zvisikwa panzvimbo yekugara: riznichny.

Mazano ne zero shoko-formative zvikwata

Mashoko ezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemafomu mafomu ekutaura, iyo iyo isiri-suffix method inoshandiswa, mienzaniso inopiwa pasi apa:

• Kubva mazita:

1. Nechinhu chinowanzofanana: mavhiki masikati - zuva nezuva, ndarama - ndarama;
2. Nekukosha kwekushaiwa kwechimwe chinhu: pasina muswe, usina kusununguka, asina musoro - asina musoro Øy;
3. Nechinangwa chekuti ave baba : baba - mushumo, gondo - ort;

• Kubva pamazwi echirevo nechinangwa chechiratidzo maererano nechiito: kudana mu-kushanyira;
• Kubva pane zvipikiso uye zvirevo zvine kukosha kudarika chikamu chechiratidzo: pasi-pasi, zvinorwadza-zvinorwadza.

Numeri ane zero shoko-formative zvikwata

Nhamba, nzira yakakwana isina dzidzo yekudzidzisa inoshandiswa kushandiswa , mienzaniso inowanikwa zvishoma: mashanu kusvika mashanu, matanhatu kusvika matanhatu . Zvose izvi mazwi akaumbwa maererano nemirairo imwechete: huwandu hwehuwandu hunoumbwa kubva kune unyanzvi.

Adzivo ne zero shoko-formative zvikwata

Iko isiri-Suffix nzira inowanzoshandiswa kune zvirevo:

1. Zero chiyero chiri mune zvimwe zvirevo zvinoumbwa nekutanga kune nzira: kufambisa - kushambira, pasi-pasi;
2. Zero zvinogadzirisa zvinoumba zvimwe zvirevo, nechinangwa chehurumende: kusuruvara - tsitsi.

Mashoko akajairika akaumbwa nenzira isina-suffix

Pamashoko ose akaumbwa nerubatsiro rwezvero zero, mazita anowanika kakawanda kupfuura mamwe mazwi mumutauro weRussia. Inoshandiswa nevanyori vemapepa ekuongorora kuti vaongorore ruzivo rwevadzidzi. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kupedzisa musoro unoti "Non-Suffix Method" nehuwandu hwemavara ezvinyorwa zvemashoko anowanikwa mumabasa eUSE neGIA kazhinji.

"A"

Ongorora - kuongorora.

"B"

Tumira - kutumira; Input - mavoti; Tarisa-tarisa; Gomera - kugomera; Bvisa-bvisa; Wave the wave; Musangano - musangano; Sob - sob; Kandira-kunze; Kusunungura - a dislocation; Zvakabuda - zvakabuda; Kutaura-kutukwa; Exhale - exhale; Evoke - kudana; Chemai-danidzira; Nyaya-nyaya; Dharira - kucheka; Kudyara - kudyara; Kutema-kupfura; Kuyerera - kuneta; Kugadzirisa - mutambo; Kubvisa - kuderedzwa; Enda kunze-kunze.

"D"

Kuunza-nharo; Kubvumirana nechibvumirano; Dzokorora - ripoti; Kufungidzira is conjecture; Bika - denunciation; Bvuma - kubvuma; Kuongorora-kuongorora; Kudedera-kudedera.

"E"

Ride - ride.

«3»

Mhanya-kumhanya; Hammer - kuurayiwa; Tora-fence; Kutarisira - kutarisira; Kuzadza - kuvhara; Chidzitiro - chifukidziro; Godo - negodo; Tanga - tsomera; Tumira - kutumira; Sunbathing - sunburn; Bend - bend; Dhavha - peni; Tarisa mukati - chengeta; Kudonhora - kuvhara; Raira - kuraira; Kugumbusa - urongwa; Kurara pasi - kudzika; Mafashamo - bay; Kuita rubatso - pledge; Kudha-kusvetuka; Kneading - kubvisa; Dry - komarara; Kurira - kuridza.

"Uye"

Wriggle - twist, bend - bend; Kuputsa-kuputsa; Shanduko - tsandanyama; Kupfeka - kupfeka; Tumira - kutumira; Bvuma - kureurura; Kutya-kutya; Pfuurira - mugumisiro;

"K"

Peck chirongo; Kuchema - makuhwa; Glue - glue; Chigadzirwa - marashi; Mutsara - abstract.

"L"

Kubata - kubata; Kuputsa-zvikafu.

"M"

Kuvhiringidza-kusvetuka;

"N"

Dhinda - dial; Hang-canopy; Kuchena - kupisa; Kupa-kupfeka; Kutarisa - kutarisa; Kurira - kubvarura; Dhinda-kupfura; Ramba-rugwaro; Kuvaka - tsvina; Tilt - tilt; Kubhururuka - kupamba; Kudururira - kudira; Hint - chirevo; Shandisa - shandisa; Kushambira-kubuda; Kuwedzera - kuvaka-up; Vara up - chikafu.

"O"

Kudzivirira - kuzvidzivirira; Trim - bleed; Bvisa-dombo; Kupfekedza inzira; Shelling - shelling; Tsanangura - kuongorora; Vimba ne-tsigiro; Tumira-sarura; Poll - sarudzo; Orientation - chinzvimbo; Kuisa kukomba; Grin - bared; Mhinduro - mhinduro; Chengeta - kuchengeteka.

"P"

Simba-simba; Kuputsa - kuputsika; Shanduka - shanduka; Dhinda - kutama; Kuputsa-kuputsika; Kuyambuka - ferry; Beat - surf; Dhinda - kutama; Overexpend - overspending; Dzokorora - kudzokorora; Kudzokorora - kudzorera zvakare; Bvisa - mukati; Kukunda - kukunda; Dzokorora - dzokorora; Chase - chase; Mowing - mowing; Chifukidziro-chivharo; Kukudza - kukudzwa; Regai ngoni; Block - block; Kwazisai - hello; Chirevo - mutongo; Uya-kusvika; Tora - kugamuchira, kuronga - kuronga; Shandisa - butt; Bhinda - kusanganiswa; Cherechedza - chiratidzo, spare - tsitsi, tsvina;

"R"

Tizai - kumhanya; Parse - parse;

"C"

Kupopota - kuridza mhere; Bend - peta; Collude - collusion; Shift - shift; Mowing - bevel; Gnashing - screeching; Creak - creak; Boredom - kusuruvara; Kubhururuka - kubhururuka; Kuputsa-kupwanya; Shanduka - shanduka; Ganya - musanganiswa; Kutarisa - kuongorora; Zvinoreva - zvinoreva; Gadzirira - shell;

"T"

Uturu - kutambudzwa; Brake-brake; Kutya-kudedera; Kudonha kunopera.

"U"

Shamba - jasi; Kutsamwa kutsamwa; Kunyengetedza - chibvumirano; Strike - hit; Kupa - mujenya; Lay-way; Prick - injection; Bite - bite; Kutonga - uchapupu; Kubhadhara; Kushora - kuzvidzwa; Drop - kukuvara; Basa - basa, kurasika - kurasikirwa; Enda kunze.

"X"

Rumbidzo-rumbidzo; Kuseka - kuseka; Crunch - crunch.

"Sh"

Rustle - rustle.

Iyo nzira isina-suffix, iyo mienzaniso iyo inopiwa pamusoro, ndiyo, sezvatinoona, chinhu chinowanzoitika muchiRussia.