Izwi rechirevo pamwe chete: mienzaniso uye zviito

Chirevo chinodzidza chikamu cheRussia chinonzi syntax. Izvo zvakasiyana mumutauro uye mhando yezwi guru. Nyaya yacho inotsanangura mitsara yemashoko, mienzaniso inopiwa nekuvimba nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Kurongeka kwemashoko anosanganiswa

Mumutauro weRussia, shoko rinosanganiswa ishoko remashoko maviri kana mamwe, apo shoko rimwe chete rinokosha, vamwe vanovimba. Iko kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko ekubatanidza.

Maererano nehukama hwehukama huri pasi, kuwirirana kwemashoko kunosarudzwa maererano nesungano (shoko rinotaridzika rinofananidzwa nemuenzaniso mukuru mumutambo uye mhaka: mhepo itsva ), kutungamira (izwi guru rinodzora chikamu chemukati wekutaura, iyo inomira mumhosva yekuti: kuva neshamwari nehanzvadzi ) uye inogadzirisa (mazwi anongobatana chete Zvinoreva: kukwezva kwakanaka ).

Kubva pane chikamu chekutaura iro ndiro izwi guru, mazita, mazita, mazwi echirevo anoshandiswa. Mukutumidza shoko guru rinomiririrwa nesita, chirevo, chirevo kana nhamba: imba yakakura, vamwe vanofara, vakasindimara munzira yakanaka, gumi mumotokari . Kana izwi guru rinomiririrwa neshoko, aya ndiwo mazwi emashoko. Mienzaniso: enda mberi, chengetedza shoko rako, kurukura . Mashoko akanyorwa akabatanidzwa mumutauro weRussia madiki. Mavari shoko guru ndiro mitsara: kwete kwenguva yakareba, kunyarara, kunyarara kwazvo .

Mune zvimwe zvinyorwa, mazwi uye mazita ekubatana kwezwi anoshandiswa.

Ukama pakati pemitezo emashoko kusanganiswa

Mukusiyana kwemashoko ekubatanidzwa, ukama hwakasiyana hunomuka. Panobvumirana kushandiswa kwechikonzero, kutungamira chinangwa chimwe chete, kufanana kwakakosha. Mutsara uye mazita ekubatanidza mashoko mumutauro weRussia anoumba huwandu hwakawanda. Ukubatanidzwa kwepasi kunogona kunge kwakasiyana.

Zita racho rinowanzoenderana nechibvumirano ( kite ) uye kudzora (kupfeka mumaruva) , zvisingawanzo paanosangana (cafe muSochi) . Mitsara yemashoko mumutauro weRussia inowanikwa kune vatungamiri (vachitaurirana nemuiti) uye pedyo (pota nokukurumidza) . Nokudaro, zvose zvitatu zvehukama muhutano hwemashoko zvakafanana zvakafanana. Kana uchitaurira mitauro maererano neshoko rechirevo, unofanirwa kujekesa rudzi rwayo neshoko guru, nehukama hwehukama uye nehutano hwehukama.

Kutungamira mumashoko echiito

Shoko rechiito, rinobatanidzwa nezita mumutambo weblique, rinoratidzira mararamiro ehutano huri pasi, sekutonga. Izvi zvinoreva, iyo kusanganiswa kwemashoko akavakirwa pamusoro pekutungamira, apo izwi guru rinomiririrwa neshoko - iri mitauro yemashoko. Mienzaniso: vauye kubva muguta, famba neshamwari, ona zuva rovira, enda kupfuura chikamu .

Miitiro yevatungamiri

Mimwe mitauro yemagiramu yekutungamirira yakabatana nemashoko akadaro. Nokudaro, chiito chekubhadhara chinoda pashure payo zita risina chirevo mukati mokupomera (kubhadharira kugadziriswa), asi chiito chekubhadhara chinobatanidzwa nezita rimwe chete, asi nechinangwa (kubhadhara kugadziriswa). Dzimwe nguva zvikanganiso zvinowanikwa kana uchishandisa masenzi ane kukosha kwekuona maonero. Kana izwi rinotarisa rinowanzoshandiswa nehuwandu hwehuwandu pamusoro ((kutarisa zuva rovira), ipapo chirevo hachifanirwi kuyemura shoko (kuyemura kuvira kwezuva - zvakakanganisa, zvakakodzera kufadza zuva rinopera).

Chinokosha ndiro rechiito chekushatirwa , uyo anotarisira nyaya yepakutanga, saka zvakakodzera kutaura kusuruvara kumhuri, kwauri, kwauri . Zvimwe zviito ivo pachavo zvinoda zita mumutambo wemagetsi, asi rinowanzoshandiswa zvisina kururama neanopomerwa: kutya, kusvika, kudzivisa, nevamwe.

Shanduro mumitauro yemashoko

Zakawanda zvakanyanya ishoko rinobatanidza kubva pakufungidzira, apo izwi guru rinomiririrwa neshoko, ndiko kuti, mazwi emashoko akabatanidzwa. Mienzaniso: kumira, kufungisisa, kutarisisa, kwakauya kuzotaura, kunwa kakao . Muchidimbu, mazwi anovimbiswa anotsanangurwa neshoko risingachinji. Inogona kuva isingagumi, gerund, zita, chirevo, izvo zvakabatana neshoko guru chete zvinoreva.

Izwi rechirevo chekubatanidza nemakemikari anofungidzira

Mutsara, apo izwi guru-rechiito uye rinotenderera - iro rechiito-risingapindi, rinogona kuva rakaoma kusiyanisa kubva mumashoko ekunyorwa kwemashoko. Ichokwadi ndechokuti chirevo chakadai chakafanana nechechi yakafanana neshoko remashoko-kusanganiswa. Semuenzaniso, ndakadana kuti ndijekese - iyi mutsara (mumutsara unosimbiswa sevamwe nhengo dzakasiyana), asi ndaida kutsanangurira - chirevo chechikamu (chinosimbiswa senhengo imwe yemutsara).

Hazvisi zvakaoma kusiyanisa zvivakwa zvakadaro. Muchirevo chemashoko chirevo chisati chisinganzwisisiki pane chiito chisina kukwana chisina kutakura mutoro wemasantic: akatanga kutanga, aida kugoverana, akasarudza kuuya. Muchiito chechirevo nemashoko anovhiringidzika asinganzwisisiki, zvose zviito zvakazara-zvakakosha: vara pasi kuti ugare, wakabvumirwa kufamba, wakarairwa kuti uende mberi .

Mienzaniso yemashoko emashoko kubva mumabhuku

Kune mabasa akadaro mumutauro weRussia, umo unofanirwa kugovera mienzaniso yeimwe chimiro chetauro kubva pane zvenhema. Pasi pane mazano nemashoko ekutaura, anotorwa kubva mumagwaro echiRussia vanyori. "Inonzwika zvakare kunyange ... izwi reasina mutungamiriri." "Zviite zvakanaka." "Akashanda zvakanaka ... nokushingaira kwakakwana" (Korolenko VG "Wonderful"). "Purogiramu yeganda ye glacier inoyerera zvishoma mberi." "Mumamiriro okunze akajeka, yakaoma zvachose." "Pakati pe ... mukana weAugust naSeptember wakamhanyira nekusaziva" (Fet AA "Autumn work"). "... mazaya emavara akaputika." "... guta rakanzwa ... rakatarisa uye rakamira rinonzwisisika uye nerunyararo." "... mwedzi ... wakatarisa-tarisa ... kubva kudenga yakajeka" (Turgenev IS "Asya").