Kumukira decembrists (zvishoma). History of Russia. Results of Decembrists yemuna

Unogona rinotiudzei nezvoUmambo kumukira Decembrists zvishoma? Kubvuta masimba akapoteredzwa dzakawanda zviitiko uye kunoratidzwa nuances zhinji zvokuti chose mabhuku yose. Rakanga wokutanga yakarongwa kutsutsumwa pamusoro serfdom kuRussia, akakonzera chikuru kurunga munzanga uye aiva chinokosha simba pamusoro enyika uye munzanga upenyu yaitonga kuti vakatevera Mambo Nicholas I. Asi, nyaya ino achaedza kuzonatsa yemuna Decembrists zvishoma.

Vhuṱanzi

December 14, 1825 muguta guru reRussia Empire - St. Petersburg - pakanga nevapanduki kuedza. The mukumukira rakarongwa neboka dzakafanana makurukota, vakawanda vacho vaiva vakuru Guards. Chinangwa vamukira aiva abolition pakati serfdom uye abolition pakati autocracy. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinangwa zvayo kumukira kwakanga yakasiyana nemamwe conspiracies zvose nguva romuzinda the.

ruponeso Union

The War of 1812 akanga ari zvose zvinobatanidzwa hwevanhu chinokosha zvikuru. Paiva tariro nokuda zvichibvira kuchinja, kunyanya - the abolition kuti serfdom. Asi kubvisa serfdom, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tizvidzore Dare monarchical simba. History of Russia iri nguva aizivikanwa kusikwa vakawanda riri Pfungwa hwaro munharaunda Guard navatariri, vanonzi cooperatives. Kubva mbiri cooperatives izvi yakaumbwa muna pakutanga 1816 Union of Salvation. musiki Its aiva Muravev Aleksandr, nzanga nhengo dzaiva Muravev Nikita, Trubetskoy Sergey, Iakushkin Ivan, gare gare Pestel Pavel. Zvinangwa Union vakanga kusunungurwa vanhuwo zvavo uye kuchinja wehurumende kutarisira. Pestel muna 1817 akanyora bumbiro iri sangano, ruzhinji vechikamu vaiva Masonic vadzimu, nekuti simba yeFreemasons kwakakanganisa tsika hwezuva nezuva upenyu Union. Nokusawirirana pakati nhengo munharaunda pamusoro zvinoita kupondwa mambo panguva kubvuta masimba vaiva chikonzero kuti mumatsutso 1817, ari Union yakanga yaparara.

zvakanaka Union

Pakutanga 1818 Union Welfare rakarongwa muMoscow - nzanga itsva muchivande. Chaiva mazana maviri vanhu, kunetseka nepfungwa kuumba mberi voruzhinji, kuumba worupo sangano. Kuti aite izvi, izvozvo akaronga kuronga pamutemo okuyamura, mabhuku, uye dzidzo masangano. Rayakavambwa vanopfuura gumi nevaviri batana matare munyika, kusanganisira muSt Petersburg, Kishinev, Tulchin, Smolensk nemamwe maguta. Kuvakwa se "divi" Council Somuenzaniso, bhodhi Nikity Vsevolzhskogo, "chiedza Green". Union nhengo vave varipo muupenyu paruzhinji, kuedza kugara zvinzvimbo muuto uye hurumende masangano. The Kuronga vanhu vaigara achinja: wokutanga vechikamu kutanga mhuri uye vabva zvematongerwo enyika, vakatsiviwa vatsva. Muna January 1821, nokuti mazuva matatu muMoscow vaipinda reCongress of Union kubudirira nokuda kusanzwisisana vatsigiri mwero uye okunyanyisa dzenzvimbo. Congress mabasa inotungamirirwa Mikhail Fonvizin Nikolai Turgenev. It Vakawana kuti all scammers akabvunza pamusoro kuvapo Union Government, uye kwakasarudzwa kuti pamutemo kuiparadza. Izvi zvaiita kubvisa vanhu vaiuya vomunharaunda netsaona.

nokubatanidzwazve

Pokufa Union of Welfare raiva danho iri nokubatanidzwazve. Kune vanhu chitsva North (mu St. Petersburg) uye South (muUkraine). A kukonzera Northern Society airidza Trubetskoy Sergey, Muravev Nikita, gare gare - Ryleev Kondraty, mudetembi wakakurumbira, vachirwa Republicans vakaungana vakamukomberedza. Musoro sangano rakanga Pestel, Pavel, akatora kushingaira chikamu vakuru vakuchengete Naryshkin Mihail, Gorstkin Ivan, wengarava mapurisa uye Chizhov Nikolay Bodisko hama, Mikhail uye Boris. The Southern Society vaiitawo Krjukovoj hama (Nicholas uye Alexandra) uye nehama Bobrischevy-Pushkin Pavel uye Nikolay Cherkasov Nadya, Avramov Ivan, Liharev Vladimir Kireev Ivan.

MARARAMIRO zvakaitika December 1825

gore rino ndiyo yemuna pakati Decembrists. Unoranganawo vakasarudza kutora ezvinhu akaoma pamutemo kuti ave otaurwa kodzero choumambo afa Alexander I. Kwaiva Classified gwaro, maererano iyo Constantine Pavlovich, hama vana Alexander I, aimutevera ukuru shure kwake, akaramba choumambo. Saka, rinotevera munin'ina, Nikolai Pavlovich, kunyange zvazvo akanga pakati nemauto-bureaucratic vepamusoro, zvikuru noruzhinji, aiva nani. Panguva iyoyowo, kunyange pamberi chakavanzika gwaro yakavhurwa, Nicholas akakurumidza nokusiiwa nyasha Constantine kubva kodzero choumambo pasi yakakuwandira pamusoro M. Miloradovich gavhuna mukuru St. Petersburg.

Shanduko simba

November 27, 1825 History of Russia vakatanga mutsva ose - pamutemo mumwe mambo mutsva, Constantine. With mufananidzo kwayo kunyange mari shoma yakagadzirwa. Zvisinei, Constantine pamutemo choushe vakaedza, asi haana kuramba. It unoitisa kugadzikana chaizvo uye zvakawanda nzvimbo interregnum. Somugumisiro, akasarudza kuzivisa pachake Emperor Nicholas. Akagadzwa mhiko musi December 14. Pakupedzisira kwakasvika shanduko hurumende - nguva yave akamirira nhengo epachivande. Kwakasarudzwa kutanga kumukira Decembrists.

The mukumukira musi December 14, akanga nokuti kuti somugumisiro usiku refu musangano pausiku 13 kusvika 14, dare zvisinei akabvuma nekodzero choumambo Nicholas. Decembrists akasarudza kurambidza weSeneti uye mauto kuunza mambo mutsva mhiko. Kunonoka zvakanga zvisingaiti, zvikurukuru nokuti mufundisi akanga avete tafura kuti akawandisa okushora uye kusungwa aigona kutanga nokukurumidza.

The nhoroondo Decembrists yemuna

Unoranganawo akanga aronga kutora Petro Paul Fortress uye Winter Palace, kusungwa worudzi rwamambo uye, kana paine mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kuuraya. Kutungamirira yemuna, akasarudzwa Sergei Troubetzkoy. Uyezve, Decembrists zvaizoda neDare akabudisa National Manifesto rinozivisa kuparadzwa rekare utongi uye kugadzwa kunoitwa hurumende zvokungoitawo. Nhengo hurumende itsva echimurenga kuita Mordvinova Admiral uye Count Speransky. On wevatariri basa basa kuti dzinobvumira remitemo - itsva mutemo zvinokosha. Kana kana weSeneti akaramba kuzivisa rudzi Manifesto chine zvinhu pamusoro abolition ose serfdom, wakaenzana zvose pamberi mutemo, gutsaruzhinji rusununguko, pakatanga fanira kuti makirasi ose rechiuto, pakatanga anotongwa vatongi, nesananguro vakuru, abolition ose yokuvhota , nezvimwewo, It kwakasarudzwa kuti iye ita nesimba.

Ipapo aronga sheedzera akakurumbira Cathedral, izvo zvaizoita kugadzirisa dambudziko pakusarudza chehurumende: zvokuvhoterwa kana munhu yepamutemo umambo. Kana Republican chimiro, mhuri yeumambo aifanira akatuma munyika akasarudzwa. Ryleev kutanga aida kutumira Nicholas kuna Fort Ross, asi zvino ivo Pestel pamuviri kupondwa Nicholas uye, zvichida, Tsesarevicha Aleksandra.

December 14 - kumukira Decembrists

Rondedzera muchidimbu zvakaitika nezuva kubvuta masimba kuedza. Mangwanani Ryleev Kakhovsky akataura chikumbiro kupinda Winter Palace uye kuuraya Nicholas. Iye pakutanga akabvuma asi akaramba. By gumi mangwanani musi weSeneti Square vakanga wakasuduruka Moscow Guards, Grenadiers, vakwasvi Guards zvomumvura rakarira. Total - vanenge zviuru zvitatu pavanhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, mazuva mashoma asati yemuna pakati Decembrists muna 1825, Nicholas vavariro nhengo epachivande akanyevera decembrist Rostovtsev, tichifunga kumukira kukodzera nevaitonga kukudzwa, uye Mukuru General Staff Dibich. vakuru kare panguva nomwe akauya Nicholas mhiko uye akadanidzira kwaari mambo. Troubetzkoy, akagadza mukuru yemuna, haana kuonekwa pamusoro pachivara. EchiShinto pamusoro weSeneti akaramba kumira uye kumirira, kana unoranganawo kusvika nekubvirana pasi kugadzwa mutungamiriri mutsva.

Highlights zviitiko

On nhasi, nhoroondo yakaitwa muna Russia. Count Miloradovich, akaonekwa pamberi varwi mabhiza, akatanga kutaura kuti kana Constantine akaramba kuva mambo, ine hapana kuitwa. Akasunungurwa panhengo nevapanduki akakurudzira Obolensky Miloradovich kudzinga kure, uye ipapo, achiona kuti hapana sei kurerutswa vaurawa kudivi bhayoneti ake. Kakhovsky nguva ino vapfurwa count ane pfuti. Duke Mikhail Pavlovich uye Colonel Styurler akaedza kuunza pakuteerera varwi, asi kuedza zvose zvaiva kubudirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, vapanduki kaviri unonyangadzwa kurwisa Horse, izvo zvakaita Alexei Orlov.

On nzvimbo akaunganidza makumi ezviuru vagari St. Petersburg, ivo tsitsi pamwe vapanduki uye akakanda muna Nicholas uye ake navaranda nematombo uye matanda. Somugumisiro, isu akaumba vaviri "zvindori" vanhu. Mumwe akanga akapoteredzwa nevapanduki, uye yaiumbwa avo akauya, uye mumwe aumba nevaya vaiuya Papera, magondo harashari namapurisa nzvimbo havachisiri akabvumira, saka vanhu vakanga vamire seri Decembrists vakakomba vehurumende. ezvinhu ichi vakatakura njodzi uye Nicholas, asina chokwadi muna kubudirira kwayo, akafunga kugadzirira nhengo youmambo mhuri zvokuchenesa Kana unofanira vatize Tsarskoye tiiviste.

dzisakarurama simba

The Emperor itsva-akaita vakaziva kuti migumisiro Decembrists rokumukira kurege kuva nyasha, saka ndakabvunza Eugene mabhishopi uye Seraphim kuteterera murwi chikumbiro yokubva. It asina zvabuda, uye zvinovanetsa awedzera Nicholas. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye akakwanisa kutanga, apo vapanduki vakasarudza mutungamiri mutsva (akagadzwa Prince Obolensky). Hurumende mauto nhamba nguva anopfuura mana kudarika hondo Decembrists: mapfumbamwe zviuru bayonets pakati inifanduri dzakatorwa, zviuru zvitatu vamabhiza sabers, gare gare akashevedza Gunners (matatu nematanhatu pfuti), zvachose - vanenge zviuru gumi vanhu. The vapanduki, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pane zviuru zvitatu.

The kukundwa of Decembrists

Kana kubva Admiralty Boulevard airatidzika Guards atirari, Nicholas akarayira kuti volley pakati buckshot pamusoro "nemhomho", chiri pamusoro pedenga weSeneti uye pedyo nedzimba. Decembrists akapindura pfuti moto uye ipapo munhu nechimvuramabwe shrapnel akatiza. Vakaramba pashure kwepfuti, varwi vakamhanya padenga aizi of Neva nechinangwa kutama Vasilevsky Island. On muaizi Neva Bestuzhev akaedza kumisa murayiro kuhondo uye ipapo uende pamusoro inogumbura. Mauto yabuda, asi vakagumurwa kubva pfuti tsanga. The chando ruchitsemuka, vanhu vakanyura. Chirongwa chaiva akundikana, mumigwagwa uye dzinoungana usiku vaiva mazana zvitunha.

Kusungwa uye kutongwa

Mibvunzo pamusoro gore zvakaitwa Decembrists yemuna akatora nzvimbo uye sei ndokuguma, zvirokwazvo kupindura nhasi, kwete vakawanda. Zvisinei, chiitiko ichi akanga zvakarwadza chaizvo haizopereri nhoroondo Russia. Zvinoreva Decembrists 'yemuna hakufaniri kurerutswa - ndivo vokutanga muumambo hwacho akasika munhu echimurenga sangano, isu zvakagadzira purogiramu enyika, kugadzirira uye nekuita kumukira nezvombo. Panguva iyo vapanduki havana kugadzirira miedzo akazotevera kwazvakarerekera. Vamwe vavo mushure kutongwa akaurayiwa akarembera (Ryleeva Pestel, Kakhovka nezvimwe), vamwe kuSiberia uye dzimwe nzvimbo. Muvanhu paradzanisa: vamwe vakatsigira mambo, mumwe - the vakatadza kuipandukira. Uye vakapukunyuka pachavo kuipandukira vakundwa, simbi, vatapwa, vaigara yakadzika kurwadziwa mupfungwa.

In mhedziso

About kuti, sei akanga ari Decembrists rokumukira akanga muchidimbu kukurukurwa munyaya. Vakanga chakaita nomumwe chido - munhu echimurenga chiito pamusoro autocracy uye serfdom muRussia. Nokuti chido majaya, hunoshamisa muchiuto, vazivi uye nezvoupfumi, vakakurumbira nevafungi akaedza kubvuta masimba aiva bvunzo: mumwe munhu akaratidza ruoko simba, mumwe simba, munhu akaratidza kutsunga, ushingi, kuzvipira, uye mumwe akatanga kuzununguka, vasingagoni kuponesa Workflow, vakadzokera shure.

Nhoroondo zvinorehwa Decembrists rokumukira ndechokuti vakaisa nheyo echimurenga tsika. mashandiro avo chakaratidza kutanga pakuzadzisa kusunungurwa kufunga feudal Russia.