Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari: zvigadzirwa, mapikicha, neshamwari

Day mudhudhudhu rokuberekwa - 29 August. Nhasi 1885 ari injiniya German uye tsanzira, Gottlieb Daymer, rakaedza michina yake peturu injini. Magadzirirwo, iro rave yakaiswa zvikabva injini ari maviri mavhiri uye vakatamira briskly. Saka akanga akazogadzira mudhudhudhu.

MuRussia, nenguva midhudhudhu vakatanga pashure. Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari yave mutungamiriri racho indasitiri. Kunozivikanwa yemashoko midhudhudhu uye ikozvino kunogona kuwanikwa mumaguta ose uye mumusha nyika. chikuva Large, kugadzira chaizvoizvo "pamusoro ibvi" chero mugaraji, mukuru kuita, pasi mari - mafeni of zvizivikanwe midhudhudhu iz anogona nostalgically kunyora zvazvakanakira uye kuwana zvikonzero zvitsva kuti kumutsidzirwa kugadzirwa.

Wokutanga yokuenzanisira

Kuedza kuumba tsika mudhudhudhu mu Russia akatanga pamberi chimurenga, mumakore 1913-14. It akaronga kuunganidza chiedza kubva muenzaniso Swiss zvikamu nemhaka "nashe" fekitari (Moscow). It anoronga kuparadza War World Rokutanga, uye mushure 1917 chimurenga. Mangwana kuedza, zvikuru kubudirira, yakaitwa muna 1924 pasi pesimba Design Bureau PN Lviv. Mainjiniya vakakwanisa kugadzira uye kubereka 1925 womuenzaniso lightweight mudhudhudhu, akaritumidza kuti "Union".

Yakanga mberi, panguva magadzirirwo, chikuru mukana simbi Musha 500 cubic metres yomunakamwe kuturika necheseri vhiri. Misa kugadzirwa haana akatevera, zvikabva kwapfuura zvimwe miedzo uye hazvisi pamusoro, nokuti Profile of "nashe" chakagadziridzwa chirimwa. Kugadzira uye nokuparura kugadzirwa midhudhudhu mudzimba pezvitsiga akabudirira 1928. The hwaro kugadzwa simba yakava Izhstalzavod. We akakurukura mudhudhudhu wokutanga pane zvikuru akarigadzirira Office mudhudhudhu, mukuru injiniya uye musoro wakanga kunozivikanwa akagadzira Peter Mozharov.

Tanga kumusoro shanu

P. Mozharov aiva norudo midhudhudhu uye chizvarwa Izhevsk vakatamira munyika midhudhudhu swatch German. In wokuzviisa pasi Izhstalzavode workshop yakavhurwa, uye mugore rimwe chete rakanga akasikwa 5 kutongwa midhudhudhu IL. Vose vaedzwa uye vakagadzirira run All-Union kukosha. Wokutanga mudhudhudhu Soviet IL-1 vakaona nyika musi September 17 muna 1929, rairema makirogiramu 300. Model vakafara uye maitiro okutanga midhudhudhu:

• IL-1 uye IL-2. It akasikwa kupfuudza akaoma mumigwagwa kumaruwa. Mune midziyo - mu-mutsetse injini ine sepombi maviri, simbi puranga, mukuru kuvimbika, Chinyorwa hutachiwana aimhanya kuumbwa zvikamu zvakasikwa odnobrusnaya rokunze puranga, hombe ndinoiitawo aiva chiedza chinopenya uye ane zvimwe zvakagadzirwa. IL-2 muenzaniso - a modernized IL-1. Asi kuguma rokutanga mudhudhudhu waiva mumwe mukana, zvinokosha kuti nyika umo private kwaiwanzoitwa matambudziko. On IL-1 vaigona kuenda vanhu mana, vaviri pamusoro mudhudhudhu uye zviviri stroller.
• IL-3. The chikuru mukana muenzaniso uyu aiva "nemudzungairi" muchiso injini ane crankshaft iri transversely. Drive inofamba pakati rwemberi vhiri (chain) akaiswa rakanamwa yakakomberedzwa izere mafuta.
• IL-4. Rakanga akashongedzerwa ane mbiri-sitiroko injini ine chete humburumbira chiratidzo "chokumisa" zveshure mavhiri vari nemhepo mugodhi. muenzaniso uyu aiva lightest iri pamusoro shanu.
• IL-5, kana "akafanana." Magadzirirwo akashandisa mudhudhudhu zviumbu chiratidzo "Neander" akanga mberi yakataurwa mberi forogo, zvikabva pepuranga rakachinjwa.

Miedzo munzira

Hurukuro kwakaitika pamusoro nemudhudhudhu motocross Union muna 1929. The makwikwi Waiitwa kechipiri munhoroondo yacho. IL midhudhudhu zvinobudirira kukunda njanji muna 3300 makiromita, uye vakakwanisa kutyaira kubva Izhevsk kuMoscow. Zvichitevera migumisiro mumujaho IL-4 womuenzaniso kwave anokurudzirwa vakawanda kugadzirwa. Asi, "Izhstalzavod" nokuda Batsiranai mabasa kukwanisa kutanga Serial kugadzirwa. Mozharov pamwe boka vagadziri vakatamira Leningrad, apo akatanga basa iri rokuvaka chiedza mudhudhudhu muchiso L-300.

Prewar Serial kugadzira

Kusvikira thirties nevazhinji mudhudhudhu kurimwa munzvimbo USSR haana, asi nyaya Company Tab vaiona. For Serial midhudhudhu kugadzirwa zvaidiwa neungano kwete chete zvinomera uye fekitari apo kugadzirwa zvose kumativi, maturusi apo pane tsvimbo Kukwanisa kubata nezvinetso zvese. The chakazoitwa vachida Izhevsk, apo pfuti fekitari Berezina, iye ndokubereka hwaro kambani itsva yaiva. Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari pakutanga rainzi ruzivo mudhudhudhu mafekitari.

Pakutanga aronga kusunungura "NATI - A-750" (rinorema shanduro). waivako Its akanga akanyorwa V-zvakaumbwa injini ine sepombi maviri, injini 747 cubes TDP aiva 15 zvapano Mana mimwe muenzaniso uyu wokutanga zvakabudiswa nokuti zororo May Day 1933 pakati. In kufanana anorema mudhudhudhu womuenzaniso yakabereka ivhu wandei zvemapapu IL-7. Somugumisiro, Serial kugadzirwa mudhudhudhu zvaibvumirwa ane muenzaniso nyore, asi kuchinja kuti anodiwa mukurwa kuti "rutapudzo zvebasa." The yokupedzisira shanduro muenzaniso IL-7 anorasikirwa hunde mapuranga, kuti throttle kuzvidzora kwave chikatsiviwa rotatable cuff zvakagadziridzwa kurerutsa nevamwe.

Muna 1933, Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari yakabereka 111 motokari. Rates yaakazosunungurwa vachiwanda, panguva iyoyo akanga basa akagadzira Bureau, apo mhando itsva dzave kwakatanga uye modernized munazvo. Muna 1938, yakatanga kugadzirwa mudhudhudhu IL-8 injini ine cubic mamita 300. Power midziyo yakawedzera kusvika 8 horsepower.

Muna 1940, Izhevsk mudhudhudhu kugadzirwa chirimwa akatanga kweShanduro IL-9 womuenzaniso. The kushanda inokwana muchina akanga atova 9 horsepower. In zvakafanana, basa rakatanga pamusoro Implementation of IL-12 womuenzaniso, iyo inobva muenzaniso A-8, kugadzirwa Leningrad Design Bureau. It aronga kutanga vakawanda kugadzirwa muna 1941, asi hondo yakatanga.

The post-hondo budiriro

Panguva vaimbopota Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari yave ichiiswa nyaya zvigwagwagwa uye pfuti. Kutangwazve Kwemitambo mudhudhudhu vakatanga anenge pakarepo pashure kukunda muna 1946. Maererano nomutemo pamusoro yokugadzirisa kubva kuGermany kuna Izhevsk vanodhirowa uye zvokushandisa mafekitari German, iyo akapa kurudziro simba kuti kukura. The zvebhizimisi wakasika namaapuro hofisi itsva, uye vakatanga kugadzirira pagadzirwe muenzaniso itsva mudhudhudhu IL-350, inobva magadzirirwo wakaradzikwa mharidzo German ari DKW 350.

The kumumvuri Germany indasitiri akanga dzakashandisa zvinoda Soviet uye yaibvira co-nezvinhu. Vanoungana mudhudhudhu IL yatanga pane imwe maoko fekitari. Kubva panguva iyi iri Izhevsk nemudhudhudhu fekitari muSoviet Union ikava mutungamiri kweShanduro midhudhudhu.

Kutengeka uye unhu

Kusvikira pakuguma 60s, kuwedzera vhoriyamu okuwana, chikuru kusimbiswa kuti taifanira magadzirirwo uye kugadzirwa midziyo mitambo yokutevedzera, akaisa matauriro Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari. Products, iro rakabuda kubva conveyor, rakanga kudiwa pamusoro zvose mumhuri kumusika uye kunze. Muna 1946, boka upgraded wokutanga post-hondo muenzaniso mudhudhudhu. Modernized ari yechinyakare mharidzo akarasika parallelogram forogo, akasikirwa kutsiva telescopic. Engine simba yakawedzera kusvika 14 zvapano, yava ndavhiyiwa kuchinja ari kumisa. zvakagadzirwa matsva ayo akapa munyoro sitiroko uye amortization panguva inofamba.

Munguva yose mashanu takaenda kugadzirwa mana itsva mudhudhudhu yokutevedzera. Yokutanga akatevedzana akasunungurwa IL-49 mudhudhudhu. Muenzaniso akanga akashongedzerwa rimwe chete-humburumbira injini ine hunyambiri kutonhora hurongwa uye achinatsa, upgraded kuturika pakati rwemberi vhiri, ari telescopic forogo. Speed Transmission aiva zvinzvimbo zvitatu. The bhasikoro akanga akakwana kuti vanokunda kure-munzira muruwa. Vakanga akasunungura IL-50, 54 uye 55 The simba midhudhudhu akasimuka 18-19 horsepower.

Maruva Nguva kurega kunotanga

Kubvira 1966, takatanga kubudisa itsva yemashoko mugwagwa bikes pamusoro Izhevsk Motor Plant. Kuwedzera zvinhu itsva zvemichina, mazita matsva zvino vava kunozivikanwa :. "IZH Planet" uye "iz Jupiter" Motorcycle "IZH Planet" wakabudiswa pachishandiswa yemashoko IL-56. Mhuri itsva mudhudhudhu huni tangi kwave pakanatsiridzwa, dzakachinjwa chigaro design, ivo ichibhabhamisa (kumberi, neshure), kuti mafuro.

"IL-Jupiter" uye akasikwa pachishandiswa IL-56 mudhudhudhu. Nokuti nyaya rakagadzirwa injini hutsva ane mbiri-humburumbira, mbiri-vanga vane zviviri anoridza mhepo kutonhora hurongwa. The kushanda muvhenganiswa rakagadzirirwa iri carburetor iri injini, abatidzwa wemagetsi dzomoto ari humburumbira. Zvakange akaitawo imwe nhamba huru zvakagadzirwa.

Kubva 1971 kusvika 1975 akabva zvebhizimisi conveyor midhudhudhu mugwagwa mienzaniso 'IZH planet-3 "," Jupiter IL-3 "," IZH planet Sport "," iz Jupiter 3K. " Panguva iyi, kurimwa midziyo yave pa yakakwirira yakati sandara uye zvinogonekwa ari zvebhizimisi zvikurusa. In akagadzira hofisi kushanda itsva yokutevedzera, kuvandudzwa chinyakare "izhey" kwakaitika nokukurumidza, rinokanganisa ruzivo uye zvinogonekwa imwe fekitari huru. Vamwe yemashoko midhudhudhu akanga paakavapa unhu chiratidzo pane vanodada Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari. Spare Parts zvivezwa dzose midziyo aiwanika kwose kwose munyika.

Motorcycle "IZH Jupiter" rine mienzaniso shanu chete siyana anoita unhu, mukuru nhamba okunatsiridza vacho mudhudhudhu "IZH Jupiter - 5", paiva 22 mazita. "IZH planet" muenzaniso akanga shanu zvokusarudza, zvikuru nevanhu muenzaniso aiva mudhudhudhu "IZH planet Sport".

Kutozosvikira 2000s,

Pakazosvika mangwanani 80s kambani akaiswa kushanda mutsva zvikuru zvoga kugadzirwa chivako. Its Zvinofungidzirwa kusunungurwa vanokwanisa aiva matani 450 zviuru. Midhudhudhu rimwe gore. Muna 1981-82. Chirimwa unobereka midhudhudhu mienzaniso 'IZH Jupiter - 4 "uye" IL Planet -4 ". Muna 1985, kudhinda Akatanga muenzaniso 'IZH Jupiter - 5 ", uye muna 1987 yakabudisa mudhudhudhu" IZH Planet - 5 ". Nokuti muenzaniso uyu yakazokudziridzwa redesign Zvinoonekwa uye injini inokwana 22 L e. a. Nokukurumidza ano chitarisiko yaiva midhudhudhu zvose anobudiswa IL.

Kusvikira mangwanani 90s Kugadzirwa Bureau akagadzira mutsva mudhudhudhu muenzaniso inobva budiriro avete Japanese injini HT-550. Chidobi anonzi "Orion", "Marathon", "sprinter" mhando inoratidza akura zvekushandisa features, Stylish magadzirirwo uye akavimbisa tarisiro mukuru Implementation muzvirongwa.

Kubva 1992 kusvika 1996 panguva Izhevsk fekitari midhudhudhu kuti rakasiyana kukura - iz nhumbi module 9,604 uye parutivi GH IL karavhani 9,204. Mamwe modules akagadzirirwa kuiswa pa chero muenzaniso mudhudhudhu "Jupiter" uye "Planet". Kugadza nhumbi module kunodiwa kubvisa rwemberi vhiri mudhudhudhu uye yakachengeteka okuchengetera mupanda nokudaro akawana tricycle nhumbi kuenda.

Kwemakore matatu (1995-1998 gg.) Munyaya fekitari yakatanga injini itsva uye kuzvipira priming Centrifugal pombi. Muna 1997 bhasikoro rakanga rakagadzirirwa kuti chokufambisa kuti moto-kurwa midziyo IL 6,92001 uye zvinhu womuenzaniso iz 6,920 GR. Pakazosvika gore ra2000 kambani akazivisa kukura mutsva mudhudhudhu nemagadzirirwo manyorero imwe Chopper (IZH 6.113-05), nekubata zita - "Junker".

kuchinja

Panguva ivepo, Izhevsk Motor kuwedzera nokubudiswa midhudhudhu zvinobatanidzwa pagadzirwe vemauto zvigadzirwa, uye kusvikira 1988 ari pakavanda akanga avete zvavakanga vachida kuita. Kuvhima nepfuti anobudiswa panguva Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari, kubvira 1948, ivo makasimbisa gobvu kugadzirwa pashure pakuguma hondo. Kugadzirisa zviri zvakasimba kuchinjwa Profile okuwana, kambani Yakazopiwa zita rokuti muna 1992 kuva pamwe wemari kambani "Axion".

fekitari IZhmoto, mubasa kugadzirwa midhudhudhu vakaenda kusauka muna 2008 uye akanga pamutemo mothballed nokusingaperi. Munguva ichangopfuura, nhepfenyuro akatanga kuonekwa pamusoro Bhuku Chinese Entrepreneurs ndiponesezve mubereko Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari. Photo kukura, havana kugamuchira renguva pamwero kugadzirwa, nhoroondo muenzaniso motokari yokutanga, uye nhasi anoita rakakura pfungwa.

tarisiro

Nhasi, muchitoro, apo kare akapa midhudhudhu, isina. Maererano vanhu vaigona kuona kugadzirwa mujinga kambani yakaramba iri akakombwa nzvimbo, apo pakanga kamwe Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari. Contacts ndiwo: Udmurdskaya Republic, Izhevsk, Ul. Telegin, Building 30.

Maererano pamutemo mashoko, Ltd. Izhevsk mudhudhudhu fekitari (Izhevsk) mubasa kugadzirwa midhudhudhu, mopeds, tsvina bikes uye strollers. Muna 2014 akauya bhuku rimwe inobvira kuberekwazve IL midhudhudhu. The chirongwa anofarira China, kwave kune mazano China richaiswa Udmurtia pachake kugadzirwa midhudhudhu uye akakurukura mukana kubudisa mudhudhudhu IL-7 series, asi nzira zvinhu nhasi, haina kuzivikanwa.