Kudzosera mabasa muyanzvi vanhuwo zvavo. Rokumanikidzirwa kunobva murimi mudiki

Feudal veruzhinji munyika dzokuEurope vakatanga kubuda kubva pakati ramakore rechi16. Panguva iyoyo boka rinokosha vokuparidzira kwave dzinounzwa - vanhuwo zvavo vaigara munharaunda muridzi nyika kana feudal ishe, uye dzakanga novimba zvachose kana yapera. Pasina kunze, zvose vanhuwo zvavo vakanga pasi kuhondo. mabasa rokumanikidzirwa vekirasi ichi vaiva vazhinji: napabasa zuva muna feudal chivako muchiuto. The kwokuomerwa ari basa mitoro kuvimba zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira makore murimi, mano ake uye unyanzvi. Kazhinji feudal madzishe, achishandisa simba rake, aigona kugadza chimwezve mutoro kune vaya vakanga pachake nezvavasingadi. Hazvina rokumanikidzirwa mabasa hunotsamira vanhuwo zvavo vave musoro ataurwa munyaya ino.

Nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo, Ndianiko uyu?

Funga chimiro kutsamira pane vanhuwo zvavo kubva muridzi kana feudal ishe: kwakakwana uye kukwana. Chose novimba muridzi vanhuwo zvavo dzainzi pachake kuzvimiririra. chinzvimbo chavo munzanga yaiva chimwe chezvinhu anosiririsa. Vaiva kwete chete kodzero varidzi pamusoro chero zvinhu, kusanganisira mbatya, asiwo kodzero rwekutaura, uye kunyange upenyu hwavo. chimiro ichi murimi mudiki nedoro rakanga chakanangana inoti iyo varanda raibudirira. Kudzosera mabasa nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo vekirasi ichi hazvigoni akashora kunyange panyaya kukodzera maonerwo hondo. The feudal ishe, uyewo, vaiva nekodzero mhosva murimi mudiki kuti koporo chirango uye kunyange kutora upenyu hwake chero mhosva.

Part-nguva kutsamira pane vanhuwo zvavo kwaisanganisira kunyanya avo emari kuzviisa pasi kuna Jehovha. Mumwe mutemo unoti mabasa nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo - basa muminda kana okudhindira ari tenzi. Kushumira kuchamuka ake kana munda, ivo panguva imwecheteyo vane munhu kodzero: kutamira pachena, kuti kuwana kana kutengesa yayo pfuma. Mukuwedzera, kuratidzwa utsinye kana kubatwa zvisina kufanira kuti murimi mudiki feudal ishe aigona kuva pasi kumatare. Rokumanikidzirwa kunobva murimi mudiki ari chiitiko haasaruri nedoro aihuitira kushanda panze chikwereti kana rendi kuti kushandisa nyika runofarira dzakapiwa kwaari feudal ishe. Nokuti kuti varimi vazhinji havana kukwanisa kutenga pfuma munyika kana midziyo kugadzirisa nayo, madzishe inowanzoshandiswa ichi, uye "chikwereti" shure kwaari mukati mashomanana emakore.

Zviratidzo rokumanikidzirwa ari feudal upfumi

Somumwe zveupfumi kana evanhu chakajairika, kumanikidzwa basa nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo zvinogona pakutsvaga dzinoverengeka maitiro features, izvo zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

1. murimi muyanzvi ane kushandisa nyika kuti ndera yacho feudal ishe.
2. Kuwedzera kushanda kwavo nyika minda, uye murimi kukudziridzwa nomunda, iyo yakanga akanyorwa se "Manor", uye zvigadzirwa zvose kubva pairi zvainyatsokonzerwa feudal ishe.
3. Nokuti kurapa nyika Holdings (murimi mudiki uye Manor) rakashandiswa okurima zvokushandisa, kusanganisira bhiza kungova murimi.
4. For vakaregeredza chokupika rokumanikidzirwa murimi mudiki anogona kurohwa muchimiro kuwedzera kukura subsistence kubhadhara (zvakavakodzera) kana mamwe mashoko aifarira Bono basa iri feudal tenzi (serfdom).

Mamwe marudzi rechibharo ari feudal murimi mudiki kugadzirwa vari siyanei. Ngationgororei mune zvakawanda nomumwe wavo zvizere.

Chaizvo of corvée hurongwa

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pane mhando dzakawanda basa, izvo nemataundi vanhu havana kugamuchira mubhadharo mu Ages Europe. Mumwe mutemo unoti mabasa nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo - Boon - zvaizoparadzirwa panenge Western uye Eastern Europe, kusanganisira Russia. Musimboti webasa basa mhando ichi chaiva unremunerated zvaanoda vakawanda kuti feudal minda kushandisa kwako Inventory. Panguva iyoyowo, murimi uye kurimwa munyika yake, kukura uye inobereka zvokudya zvavo pachavo rinodyiwa. The chikuru drawback pamusoro corvee ezvinhu aiva kuramba kudiwa outarisiri Jehovha, nokuti kazhinji kumanikidzwa kushanda kuitwa vanhuwo zvavo pasi "neimwe nzira".

In Ages Barshchina inoti (nemataundi varimi vanomanikidzwa kushanda) kwakanga vanenge 8-9 kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18. Yainyanya kushandiswa chimiro ichi vasingabhadharwi basa awana munharaunda Russia uye hurumende iripo ipapo anenge kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 pasi zita "sharecropping".

Zvinoumba upfumi rendi-anobhadhara

Mumwe rokumanikidzirwa mabasa nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo vari Ages Europe - rents - paiva inenge imwe nguva sezvo Boon. Musimboti Fani iyi kunoratidzwa chokuti anenge yose Ishe, risi murimi uyo kukudziridzwa pachavo vachishandisa uwandu hwavo chete.

Harvest akawana kubva kwokurangana, muzvikamu zviviri, mumwe waiva kuripwa feudal ishe uye mumwe murimi rakashandiswa pana nokungwara yavo. Maererano kupararira uye kukura rwokugadzira zvakasikwa (chikafu) rents yaisanganisa nemari, uye mune dzimwe Estates, uye akanga navo yakatsiviwa. Kwakadaro coercive basa nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo, sezvo dzinongoitika uye mari rents, akapa zvakasimbisa mukuru weboka basa uye, sezvo zvakaguma kukura ukama chinokosha-mari.

basa rendi

Labor rendi sezvo muchimiro rokumanikidzirwa aiva mumwe nyore. Kana munhu zvaanoda murimi mudiki akagamuchira kubva feudal munyika mugove, mhuka maberekero, purazi maturusi nezvimwe zvokushandisa. Semuripo kushandisa zvinhu izvi, aifanira kushanda kweShanduro muridzi imwe nguva. Zviya, ino rokumanikidzirwa kwaisava dzakakurumbira Eastern nyika, apo anenge hapana munhu kutsamira pane vanhuwo zvavo. The rendi rinowanzoshandiswa vanobhadharwa chigadzirwa anobudiswa imwe upfumi zvaanoda murimi mudiki, zvemumba, zvishongo, mucheka kana mari.