Manyowa - chii ichi? Manyowa nezvinangwa. Zvinoreva "manyowa"

Nhasi, mune imwe nguva kukurumidza kuchinja-digital nyika kugara nemwero zviitiko zvakaoma. Kuti zvose zvinofanira zvakanaka zvinangwa, zvinangwa, kuparadzira uye nhumwa. Musoro uye ongororo - yakanakisisa vabatsiri kugadzirisa matambudziko dzakaoma. Mumwe zvishandiso inhaurwa vavake manyowa. Ngatikurukurei zvizere.

tsananguro

Kazhinji, zvinoreva manyowa - kupesana yose mukati zvinoriumba. Zviri runako nyore uye rakananga chidobi chinobatsira daily kugadzirisa matambudziko akaoma nokutaura zvinhu navo sezvo mubatanidzwa zvikamu. The inonzwisisika kuvakwa ezvinhu manyowa - imwe nzira nesayenzi kugadzirisa dambudziko guru nokutsiva zvayo duku uye nyore basa wandei.

Kazhinji, manyowa rinoitwa vachishandisa "dambudziko muti", "muti zvinangwa", "Chisarudzo muti", "matanda basa", kuvaka iyo akaumba yakajeka hierarchical chimiro, kusanganisira kutwasuka uye zvido zvevanhu kuzviisa pasi uye feedbacks.

Features

Hwaro chero manyowa - iri STRUCTURAL kuzviisa pasi kuti mitemo nzira. Chinokosha uye dare negadziriro rose mitemo vari zvinotevera:

1) Nguva dzose inofanira kuchengetwa yakati hurongwa.

The manyowa nzira inobva omurume nechepazasi chechetere yakakwirira. Izvi zvinoitwa rokuvaka hierarchical maumbirwo uchishandisa vanonzi "muti."

First akaita kuvaka dambudziko muti uye nezvinangwa muti zvakajeka uye nemaziso kumiririra zvose mabasa anowanika panguva. In ichi pasi kunofanira kutarisa zvakafanana kuti basa yakaderera sandara inoratidza musimboti mabasa ane LEVEL, uye vose Sub-matambudziko ari chirongwa zvawo. Kunzwisisa chairo uye kwakakwana mufananidzo pamusoro chikamu mabasa ari manyowa chirongwa kunouya chete kana zvinangwa muti akazadzwa kusvika 100%.

Tungamirirwa mano pamutemo nemasvomhu uye pfungwa, zvingadarowo kuvaka "muti uye" uye "miti kana".

2) Kupatsanura yose muzvikamu vanofanira chete kuitikira chete chinokosha.

Pfungwa iyi inoreva kuti zvose Sub-mabasa zvichava pasi chete pfungwa uye chinangwa chimwe. Somuenzaniso, kuti manyowa chingava chirongwa kuvakwa. Sezvo mukuru tumisoro chikabviswa kushandisa kushanda chepfungwa, chirongwa zvikamu. Somuenzaniso, zvingasanganisira zvinotevera zvikamu: kuvakwa Akazadzisa kongiri (QOL) uye mapurani mapedzero (AR), zvakagadzirwa simbi (CM), kudziyisa uye kufefetedza (Os), etc. Uyewo, nzvimbo idzi anofanira dzichakoromorwa kubudikidza basa, kuti ndiyo inotevera pamwero Sub-huru inofanira kukurukurwa ndivo vanonyanya zvinangwa. Somuenzaniso, kudziyisa uye kufefetedza chikamu (S) yakakamurwa kuva tsananguro kucherechedza, vanodhirowa, kushongedzwa, ndima normative kuzvidzora uye zvekushandisa rokuongorora, mapepa, cherechedzo, kuchinja maererano mashoko uye nezvakadaro.

Panguva puranga (nenguva) ringashandiswawo sechimwe chinhu chawo, vanoramba unhu, STRUCTURAL features, kubudiswa unhu, uye vamwe.

3) All subsystems manyowa anofanira buritsa musimboti wegadziriro.

Kana isu fungidzira chikuru basa sezvo 100%, ipapo zvose subtasks kuita zvakafanana 100% muna yose. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe Sub-basa rokutanga chechetere unotora munhu chikamu mutemo anomirira Verengai wechipiri chechetere subtasks.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti zvose vakaparadzana nomumwe pamwero subtasks kunge pasina mumwe, apo vakuru vakuru mabasa panguva iyoyo bazi rinofanira kubva panheyo nedoro uye inofambiswa: dambudziko imwe LEVEL zvinoenderana ayo subtask ndiEzekieri.

4) Depth manyowa kudzidza anofanira kutsunga pakutanga.

Usati kuumba hierarchical chimiro, unofanira kusarudza vachava vokupedzisira pamwero subtasks. Mune zvimwe zviitiko haumanikidzwi kusika zvakawanda zvese, kubvira chinangwa manyowa ndiyo maonero. In Kana apo vakuru vakuru zvinoumbwa chaiyo Masvomhu, nhamba akaturikidzana vanofanira akadai kuvhura musoro zvakawanda sezvinobvira.

kupatsanura

To musi, pane mhando dzakawanda manyowa. Unogona kusika unyanzvi venyu chaizvo chirongwa. Zvisinei, mumwe mukuru kana mudiki pamwero inesungano zvinokosha, zvinoti manyowa chipfuro (pakutanga uye dzinokosha maonero) hurongwa (muitiro zvokurambana ezvinhu mukati subsystems nechinangwa kudzidza uye kuwana zvakanakisisa mugumisiro), muitiro anoshanda (gadziriro akanyatsorongwa anoshandira izita simba pfungwa uye nevamwe huru uye yokutanga).

Kazhinji, azvaiitwa vose dyidzana uye kazhinji inomirira wakakwana manyowa mamiriro.

manyowa nezvinangwa

Kutanga, yakavhomorwa dambudziko muti uye nezvinangwa muti. Dambudziko muti - ndiyo chidhina Mufananidzo matambudziko makuru, ipazwe dambudziko padanho rechipiri uye rechitatu. Zvazvakadaro, vanova nyore kugadzirisa. Pashure hwakadzama kuongorora matambudziko rinoumbwa zvinangwa muti iyo anobvumirwa matambudziko muti. Kureva, nokuti zvose dambudziko inotoda dzichitaurwa. Izvi anochengeta chivako kare kugadzirira uye kudyidzana subtasks.

Kuongorora chiito

Manyowa basa - inhaurwa kuvaka, iyo inotanga apo yakaratidzwa vose zvinangwa uye zvinetso uye munhu hierarchical maumbirwo nezviito zvose kuti vakaedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kana kuti.

Kufunga uku kunoita kuti kuziva kwawakabva, dziri mumatambudziko. Sezvo subtasks kuvimba mukuru-pamwero mabasa, basa muti unokubvumira kuona apo pane matambudziko nezvikanganiso. Kazhinji nokuda kweundonda rokutanga nenhanho manyowa kunokanganisa basa panguva yakaderera nhanho.

Somuenzaniso, kana mutengi haina kuiswa pamusoro screws, kuti ndizvidavirire haasi akabata nhoroondo uye regai vatenge navo. Panguva yokuvakira zviripo, nokuti installers haingatikwaniri screws kuzvidzora tapping.

Classic kugamuchira

Kuti uwane kuongorora zvivako, ziva zvavasingakwanisi, huru zvinangwa uye mirayiro, mabasa, zvirongwa uye mabasa anoitwa manyowa enyika.

The Hurongwa inokamukana yakatambarara uye vertically kupinda zvese. Vanofanira iumbe zvizere yechivako chacho. Manyowa hurongwa - iri muenzaniso zvinowanzovapo imwe akanyatsorongwa chipi mhando manyowa.

Application zvebhizimisi

Kutsanangura uye kuongorora basa makambani, sezvo mutemo, vakashandisa manyowa rikurumidze. Tichibatsirwa vakuru vakuru vanogona kuona simba pfungwa wekambani, munzvimbo kukundikana kuitika.

Pezvakaitwa kuderedza hombe Zano uye vakaongorora, pashure iyo tsanangudzo mushumo pamusoro kambani.

Muenzaniso manyowa

Somuenzaniso, funga chirongwa nokuda kuvaka kuvakwa guru zvinhu. Development rinoitwa muna 2 nhanho: kushanda mapepa uye magadzirirwo mapepa. Izvi zvichava padanho Sub-mabasa kutanga. Nemagadzirirwo rwakazara, zvichakurukurwa nokukosha kudzidza uye zvirongwa. At nekubata vanotsika zvakafanana. Ichi chechipiri chechetere subtask. Somuenzaniso, basa racho riri kazhinji dzaitaurwa muchimiro zvikamu:

• Executive Summary;
• kuronga nyika sangano zano ;
• mapurani dambudziko;
• kunovaka uye nzvimbo-nokuronga mhinduro.

Uchiteverwa Sub-zvikamu:

• simba hurongwa;
• mvura hurongwa;
• abudise hurongwa;
• kudziyisa, kufefetedza uye mhepo kutonhodza, kudziyisa network;
• kukurukurirana samambure;
• gasi zvitengeswa hurongwa;
• kwesayenzi zvingaitwa.

Sections uye subsections chirongwa uye magwaro kushanda - ndicho rechitatu chechetere subtasks.

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine zvimwe matanho uye anofanira ane ruzivo maererano ehurumende mitemo. Somuenzaniso, chikamu chirongwa kwesayenzi mhinduro kunofanira kusanganisira mashoko uchida tsanangudzo kwacho flowsheet uye midziyo vagamuchira, kuti hwakajeka chikamu (urongwa, zvikamu, Layouts), kutinhwa midziyo, chirongwa design, nzvimbo kushanya, vakapfuura normative kuzvidzora uye zvekushandisa kuzvidzora, kusunungurwa mapepa.

At nomumwe sandara, akagadzwa nomutoro executors, iyo zvino zvaida mugumisiro. In muenzaniso uyu, padanho manyowa of vatambi rokutanga - ndiye musoro magadzirirwo dhipatimendi, wechipiri - mukuru injiniya chirongwa (y), wechitatu - kugadzira mainjiniya.

Chinonyanya kukosha zvinhu

Manyowa - ndiyo nzira kwomuitirowo zvisingarambiki, hunoshanda Qualitative Kuongorora huru dambudziko, maererano huru chinangwa chebasa. Izvi zvinoita kunobatanidza mudonzvo zvese kugadzirisa multi-chechetere mabasa. Izvi zvinoita kuti chirongwa kupfuura zvakanaka, shoma mari mubhizimisi uye nesimba.