Kududzira, tsanangudzo uye zvinoreva Shoko "kukura"

Zvechokwadi zvinoshamisa mutauro Russian! Uye pfuma yake yose kuripo mairi mashoko akafanana chaizvo, asi kukosha kunetseka dzakavapo yakasiyana. Naizvozvo, pane nematambudziko kududzirwa mamwe mashoko, uye saka zvichida kuti kukanganisa kushanda imwe chiratidzo. Nyaya iyi anotarira nzira navamwe dzakabudirira uye zvakafanana mudzi naye akati. sakaramendi uyu kupi? Chii chinorehwa kukura? Zvinorevei kuda payo, masayendisiti ose kwakasiyana-siyana uye nguva yebasa? Sei kuparadzanisa kubva nemamwe mashoko akafanana naye? mhinduro All anogona kuwanikwa pazasi.

Ngatidzokerei kune zvinokosha

Tinzwisise uye kududzirwa kweshoko kukura hazvibviri pasina pfupi karwendo kupinda kare. Pane kunyange sainzi - Mabviro, iyo anobata nyaya iyi. Dzidziso iyi zvinobatsira kuziva wechokwadi, yepakutanga zvinoreva shoko. Somuenzaniso, shoko rechiito "kutanga" zvinoratidzwa kunyange maduramazwi yeRussian Academy. Its ukoshi Akatsunga zvakananga, kwakavakirwa morphological maumbirwo reshoko. -vi- mudzi Rinoreva nyore monyorora, izvo zvinoreva kubereka, kwokuruka kana nokuvhiringidza. Uye pakutanga, kusvikira pakuguma XVIII remakore, isu vanofarira shoko akanzwisisa chete mupfungwa dhipuroya razvertet, rassuchit, kuparadzana. Sezvo mashoko anobatsira kuti pfungwa rechiito ichi, achiratidza zvinotevera: kutanga tambo tobva tamarukira shinda. Ndiko, sezvo mambakwedza kuparadzira shoko, raireva inofanira kuchinja. Zvisinei, hatigoni kutaura kuti akanga achine pamusoro dzimwe kuvandudzika, mberi.

French "chimurenga"

Pakupera ari XVIII remakore tsanangudzo shoko yambokurukurwa kuwana unhu akadzadzwa ikozvino. Izvi imhaka kupararira kuRussia mutauro French. Foreign développer aiva akakwirira pfungwa, kwete saka vanhuwo uye banal, akafanana needu kutanga. Shoko iri rakasvika kuna ingashandiswa Abstract mashoko akadai kunaka pfungwa. Akatanga kukudziridza hunhu, unhu, pfungwa, pfungwa ... The paruzhinji paakasangana kuchinja kwakadaro yave yakasanganiswa. Kudivi rimwe, iri kuchinja pfungwa vanhu mashoko akadaro akaita dutu nepfungwa uye hasha, saka ivo vakajaira chaizvo kune vane mwero pfungwa shoko kukura. Zvinoreva idzva akaparirwa dutu guru nokutsoropodzwa uye masayendisiti makuru, vanyori vakadai Aleksandr Semenovich Shishkin. Asi vamwe vachiri vakanzwisisa kuti "ngaukufadze" chinhu chitsva. Zvichireva yakatanga mupfungwa yakakwana, akapedza kuti chikuru padanho, anogona kuwanikwa mabasa Apollon Grigoriev. Zvishoma nezvishoma, maduramazwi itsva kushandura zvatinosiita chiratidzo pechirevo ichi. Vanokurukura nzira pachena pfungwa mano. Ngatifungidzirei edu rechiito chivakashure Xia, uye kuwana shoko, iyo kunzwisisa chete sechinhu unzenza, untwist. Saka, muna Dictionary of 1847 kutanga - chipeta unoratidza kunowedzera. Mupfungwa iyi, anoshandisa shoko Turgenev mumabasa ake.

kushanduka

Muzana XIX remakore shoko "kukura" yava dambudziko kwete chete vanyori uye nyanzvi dzemitauro, asiwo vazivi. chikamu ichi anofarira VS Solovyov nemamwe masayendisiti Russian. Zvino budiriro - kwakafanana shanduka. Solovyov akanyora kuti pfungwa iyi zvinoratidza dzinoverengeka Qualitative kuchinja, anobva yakananga pakutanga uye akakunda chairo kuzivisa chipfuro. Uye shoko "kuva" mazuva ano rinoreva kukosha ichi chaizvo. Masayendisiti akawanda akapa tsanangudzo yavo nemabasa uye mumaduramazwi. Saka sangano kweshoko "kuva" nepfungwa French «développer» regai wekutanga kuva vanhuwo kwete chete asiwo kwouzivi zvoutachiona uye tsika mhando. Asi dzidziso idzi zvose kupa kunova kufanana dudziro chiitiko ichi. Saka, kukura - inofanira kuchinja, kufamba RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA gadziriro. Panguva iyoyowo, kuchinja uku kusingarapiki, dzinongoitika, achitaura. Development - nderei musimboti kududzira zvenhoroondo, ruzivo vanhu, zvisikwa.

kunzwisisa kwouzivi

In sayenzi uchenjeri ane zvakawanda dzidziso, pfungwa, maonero. Vazivi Various yose vanhu akapa shanduro kukosha mhando dzavo. Kunyange yekare Greece vavhiringidzika dambudziko Heraclitus. Aidavira kuti zvinhu zvose zviri munyika uye nyika pachayo ariko, uye panguva imwe chete vasina kuita izvozvo. duality iyi Heraclitus akatsanangura kuti nedanho pakukura haiperi. Zvose zviri dzichichinja, ari mubishi yomuka uye kumbomira. In Plato shoko zvakavawo kuva simba hunhu. Iri izwi rinoreva sezvo nyanzvi kare zvichiitika nedzokunze zvose unhu, mikana, kubva pakutanga kuwanikwa chero mananara kuti ndibve zororo kuti zvinoshingaira chokutambudzika. Mechanistic pfungwa, akavapindurawo, riri pasi kukura kunzwisisa chinhu chimwe, sezvo kuvandudzika, kunyanya quantitative kuwedzera chinhu, uye chete ipapo kune Qualitative kuvandudzika. Dzapachivara mumiriri ari makemikari dzidziso iri wokuEngland Herbert Spencer ndiye basa "pfungwa kukura." Chinoronga dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka. At Spencer kukura - kufamba yacho. Anochinja pafuma incoherent homogeneous mugomba chete, asi dzisakarurama. Panyaya iyi zvakachengetwa inofamba achichinjwawo. Of Kunyanya kukosha mune kukura ndiro izwi uzivi Charles Darwin. Iye yose yesayenzi dzidziso inovakwa.

mitauro ongororo

Shoko yakazokudziridzwa kubva nyore monyorora rechiito. The chivakashure inoratidza simba hunhu shoko iri (cf. rikakandwa, chigaro, chinosunungura).

The Secret - mushoko kushushikana

Asi hazvisi nyore ichi vachiti - kukura. Meaning of mashoko kunoenderana mupfungwa. Saka, kana rikawira wokutanga mabhii, zvino tiri nezvinhu PARTICIPLE. It ane kwainge pamwe rechiito, iyo yakaumbwa. Kudziridza - ipapo kutsanangura, kuunza pamwero mukuru, inobatsira kuti kufambira mberi. Pano tiri kufarira shoko rinoreva zvakafanana, asi pachinzvimbo anorondedzera chimwe achiri vainyanya yepamusoro. Dzakabudirira inogona akafunga, basa, kugona. Uye akabvumira kuti kushandisa kunetseka pamusoro rechipiri mabhii ari chete zvinoreva. Zvisinei, kana tiri kutaura pamusoro chinhu untwisted, unwound, shoko yakatanga inofanira kushandiswa chete matambudziko -and-. Pane imwe musiyano wezvinyorwa emashoko. A zvakasiyana chaizvo zvinoreva ane shoko yakatanga. Izvi - kwete sakaramendi, uye chipauro. It rinoshandiswa zvinoreva avhenekerwa mweya vachikura, kufambira mberi kwasvika refu chechetere.

Pane musiyano?

Chii chinogona akapedzisa? Vari zvine musoro sakaramendi dzakabudirira uye yemhando chipauro? Kududzirwa kweshoko, takakurukura kumusoro, zvakafanana uye kuratidza pfungwa imwe. Kureva kukosha mashoko aya anenge zvakafanana. Ndoupi musiyano? Kunotangwa - kukumbana. Saka, shoko iri rine ehupfumi zvose ane chipauro uye rechiito. Kureva izvozvo anoita sakaramendi somunhu rairatidza basa, uye anotaura kuti chiito zvimwe mhando. Development, zvinozoita - imwe chipauro. Hapana chinoratidza chimwe, pane tsananguro chipepa. Chimwe musiyano chinokosha ndechokuti yeChidyo nguva dzose aumba kubva rechiito uye chipauro - chete pazita.

To muchidimbu

Shoko vakashanduka rine Russian mavambo, asi zvinorehwa ikaramba vane matambudziko mutauro wokumwe. Kunyange zvazvo, oddly zvakakwana, nokuda chinhu ichi, tinogona dundundu kuti tinogona kushandisa chizvarwa yakagadzirwa madzibaba edu akati kureva chinhu zvachose rakadzikama kuvandudzika pakutaura kwangu. Pari, zvishoma zvichachengetwawo "yedu", Russian nokuda kwakabva mashoko. Uye ngazvishande chikwereti anoreva zvakafanana shanduka - imwe shanduka, mberi. Chinhu chikuru - kuti mutauro wokuRussia aiva mupenyu, saka nguva dzose pamusoro payo kuridza panguva latitudes zvose eumambo nyika uye kunze, zvose dzimba, vomunharaunda, mumagariro strata. Dzivirira mutauro waamai!