Chii Mabhakitiriya kuwana orderlies yepasi: mhinduro pfupi

Most zvipenyu panyika anokwanisa anozvipira kubudisa Organic zvinhu zvakafanira kuti basa ravo uye, naizvozvo, anofanira kushandisa huripo makemikari nyaya, kushandisa nokuti makemikari chinokosha ichi.

Autotrophs uye heterotrophs

Rokutanga kutaura kuti chikuru Vanoburitsa Organic okunze, kureva avo ane kabhoni, vakawanda zvinomera inoshandiswa muitiro uyu photosynthesis. nzira iyi dzichifura inonzi autotrophic.

Chimwe nzira kubudisa Organic zvinhu ndiyo chemosynthesis, sezvamakaropafadzwa Via kunzwisisa redox zvinoitwa makemikari nyaya anogadzirwa kubva nesarufa, waxes, mapuroteni, uye kunyange rehydrogen. nzira iyi kudya kwakakurumbira pakati mapoka tusingaoneki kuti kurarama panguva huru pakadzika.

Kuti Organic zvinhu zvinoitwa nevamwe zvinenge zviri nedanho photosynthesis uye chemosynthesis, uchidzidza zvinenge vachishandisa heterotrophic kudya kunovaka. Saka, heterotrophs kugara wakakwirira chinzvimbo cheni zvokudya, asi panguva imwe chete pasina zvimwe zvinenge.

Heterotrophs: saprophytes, uye osmotrofy Biotroph

Pakati siyana zvipenyu dzinowanzotaurwa chikafu nzira. Autotrophic zvokudya zvagara zvinowanika munyika zvikuru vakarongeka zvipuka zvine masero akawanda Utachiona, apo notumwe uye majemusi ari Kushanduka akasarudza heterotrophic kudya kunovaka.

Heterotrophic zvokudya zvinosanganisira zvinhu nzira dzakawanda mvumo simba kubva yapera makemikari nyaya.

Somuenzaniso, nenzira kuti vamwe notumwe uye utachiona achiwana simba kubva zvakatipoteredza, akadana osmotrofiya, i.e. kuwana zvokudya zvakananga kuburikidza muchitokisi rusvingo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi pane yakaiswa akasiyana fungal makemikari iyo fuma kare wakanamatira ari svikiro yakapoteredza fungal rusvingo.

Yokumusoro pavaipfuura cheni zvokudya kutora Biotroph, izvo zvinosanganisira mhuka zvokudya pamusoro nemhuka kuti zvokudya zvimwe mhuka, kureva nezvikara.

Zvikuru kuti mararamiro yose nyika ndiwo saprotrophs bacteria - inonzi ano zvipenyu zvipenyu, kuzivikanwa sezvo saprophytes.

Ammonification sezvo mujinga chikafu piramidhi

Kuti tinzwisise chii turnover kuti makemikari nyaya iri zvakasikwa uye basa kunzwisisa izvi zviri reDare tupukanana tusingaoneki, zvakakodzera kupindura mubvunzo chii kwemabhakitiriya kuwana orderlies nyika.

Sezvo chinoshamisa sezvachinonzwika, asi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha pezvakaitwa panyika ndiye ammonification, ari kuorera mazviri. Iri panzvimbo kunzwisisa kubva makemikari nemaonero, muitiro anotora nguva refu.

Nokuti Implementation uyu muitiro anoenderana tupukanana tusingaoneki, kupa makemikari nyaya, uye saka chero nefuma raiva puroteni. Kukosha kwacho kubva zvipenyu nemaonero inopiwa widest kuparadzirwa ammonifiers kuti vazhinji zvinowanikwa mumvura, ivhu, zvokudya uye zvipenyu. Kamwe kwemabhakitiriya awana zvakakwana yakakodzera substrate, ari kuorera mazviri muitiro rinotanga.

Heano kwemabhakitiriya kuwana orderlies yepasi:

• spore-achiumba mabhakitiriya ari genus Bacillus;
• clostridia;
• enterobacteria.

tusingaoneki ava vakawanda rukungiso muitiro zvakadzama manyowa kwemapurotini pamusoro siyana senitrogen-vakasununguka senitrogen yeimwe, izvo, akawira mumvura, mhepo uye ivhu inoshandiswa simba chirimwa, izvo zvinozoita apiwa kuzvishandisa kuti pagadzirwe Organic yeimwe, ndiko kuti, kukura uye kubereka.

Sarudza Mabhakitiriya kuwana orderlies yepasi, zvakakodzera kutarisa zvinobatsira vakauya nokuda zvinhu zvipenyu dzavo. Zvinofanira achibva zvichibvira kukuvadza kune zveupfumi uye mabhizimisi mabasa.

Sei saprotrophs Mabhakitiriya kuwana orderlies hunhu

Chimwe ndicho zvine maatomu akafanana zvakasikwa zviri senitrogen, izvo zvinokosha kukura zvinomera uye zvipenyu. Paaiita kukura kwake uye kugadzira miti uchapedza yakawanda vakasununguka senitrogen kubva muvhu, mhepo uye mvura. Nokudaro senitrogen anosunga uye inova isina kuti zvishandiswezve.

Pakafa mumuviri senitrogen uri ezvinhu apo haagoni kubatsirwa nevamwe zvirimwa. Zviri Panguva iyi panyaya kuuya utachiona, chikuru aizoonekawo heterotrophic kudya kunovaka. Zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvinobudirira achanamatira vose vanobatanidzwa makemikari nyaya fuma iri rinonyanya nyore okunze, izvo saka akadzokera yepanyama turnover.

By saprophytes kwete kubatsira chete

Wangoziva izvo utachiona kuwana orderlies yepasi, zvinogonawo kunzi saprotrophs uye utachiona zvinogona kukuvadza mumwe munhu. Kunyange zvazvo intestinal microflora kwevanhu uye rine dzinoverengeka putrefying utachiona, avo kunyanya chokuwanziridza kunogona kukuvadza munhu.

The kupfuura zvinokuvadza vari saprotrophs eskerikiya, Clostridium uye Streptococcus.

Uyezve, dzimwe mhando utachiona kukonzera vakurumidze spoilage zvokudya, zvichiita kumukuvadza zvoupfumi.