Kubuda kweMoscow uye Prince Ivan Kalita

Mushure mekubhabhatidzwa kwaByzantine, Rus akaramba achizviisa pasi pechitendero kubva muguta guru reConstantinople. Pano paiva tateguru (mutungamiriri wekereke yose). Akagadza mukuru weChechi yeOrthodox muRussia - Metropolitan. Sezvo mutemo, nzvimbo iyi yaibatwa nevaGiriki. Muna 1308, tateguru uyu akasarudza kuisa hehumen Peter panzvimbo yeguta guru, monastery abbot kumaodzanyemba kweVolyn. Zvinofanira kutariswa kuti Tver akakurudzira mukana wake kuti ave nzvimbo yeMetropolitan. Asi kusarudzwa kwatateguru akawira pana Petro. Kuti nenzira imwe neimwe "kuenzanisa" sarudzo, tateguru akatumira Petro kuVladimir, uye kwete kumaodzanyemba.

Zvisinei, Tver akataura kusagutsikana, uye machinda aro aisagona kuwirirana neguta idzva. Petro akawana rubatsiro kubva kune machinda eMoscow. Mushure mokunge Mutungamiriri weTver agare muVladimir, guta guru rakatamira kuMoscow. Pano Petro aive akagamuchirwa. Ainamata uye ane simba, Petro aidiwa akatanga kukwidziridza mukurumbira weguta, achigadzirira izvo zvaidiwa kuti kuve nekumuka kweMoscow munguva yemberi.

Nekutsigirwa kweMetropolitan Ivan Daniilovich (Muchinda weMoscow), akatanga kutanga kuvaka tembere yekutanga yematombo. IA Assumption Cathedral yakavakwa maererano nemamiriro matsva eguta racho. Pakupedzisira, temberi yaizove iyo huru muRussia. Metropolitan Petro akaraira kuti azvivige muAssumption Cathedral. Akafira muna 1326 uye akavigwa muchitemberi chisina kupera. IKathedral yakagadzwa muna 1327. Kubva panguva iyoyo kereke yakava nzvimbo yekuviga yemaguta makuru eRussia.

Zvikonzero uye mamiriro ekukwirira kweMoscow

Muna 1327, Ivan Daniilovich akava nemukana wekutarisana naTver. Panguva iyoyo, kukohwa kweMongolian mutero kwaiitwa neBaskakov - vatori vemusana. Achiratidza kusagutsikana, Tver vanhu vakapandukira Shchelkan's Baskak (Cholkhan). Mutungamiriri weMoscow akabva ataura izvi kune Horde. Semubairo webasa rake, Ivan Daniilovich akagamuchira nzira shomanana kubva kuna khan kusvika kutonga kukuru.

Muchinda Alexander Tver akanga achivanza muPhkov. Ivan Daniilovich akasarudza kubvisa Tver Prince nokusingaperi. Asvika muHorde, akachera Alexander. Khan akadana mukuru weTver kwaari ndokumuuraya iye nemwanakomana wake. Ivan Danilovich Khan akaita mutori wemutero kubva kumativi ose enyika yeRussia.

Kubvira panguva iyo, kuwedzera kweMoscow kwakakura kwakatanga . Guta pacharo uye muchinda akapfuma. Nyika itsva dzakabhadhara mari yakawanda. Mushure mokunge maMohaisk naKolomna vasvika mumaoko emachinda eMoscow, rukova rwose rweRwizi rweMoscow rwakava nzira inokosha yekutengeserana. Ihutungamiri hauna kugamuchira mabasa makuru chete, asiwo mikana mitsva yokutengeserana. Kuwedzera kweMoscow kwakaitika nokukurumidza. Mumaoko aIvan Daniilovich, chikamu chemutero waakaunganidza kuHorde akagara. Mutungamiri ane ruzivo akatanga kutumidza Kalita ("bhagi mari", "purse"). Mari Ivan Kalita akatanga kuisa mari munzvimbo yakakwirira yeMoscow.

Nzira dzomuchinda dzakabatanidzwa pakuvamba kwekuvaka kwebwe guru. Muna 1329 kereke yakavakwa mukukudza mutungamiriri webhaibheri weByzantine, uyo akaverengwa saiye mutsvene, John Climacus. Nokudaro, panzvimbo yechechi yakavakwa bell "Ivan the Great". Muna 1330 Chechi yeMuponesi yakavakwa pa Bor (Kuchinja) kweSpain Monastery. Pakazosvika 1333 Kereke Yenyika Yakavakwa yakavakwa (zvichida, panzvimbo yechechi yaMichael the Archangel), iyo yakazova nzvimbo yekuviga yemachinda eMoscow.

Sezvo kutonga kwaIvan Kalita muchiRussia, shoko rokuti "Kremnik" ("The Kremlin") rakapinda. Saka yakanzi nhare yeMoscow. Akaratidza shoko iri "mukati meguta renhare", "yakasimbiswa kusimbiswa". Mupiro wokupedzisira mukusimudzirwa kweMoscow Ivan Kalita wakaitwa nekugadzirwa kwemasvingo eouki eKremlin.

Mukuda kwaIvan Kalita kune rondedzero yakawanda yezvinhu, izvo muchinda akaparadzira. Iyi nyanzvi inotaura nezvemusha weKolomna (Kolomna) nevamwe vakawanda vakapona kusvikira nhasi.