Alexander Sumarokov: nhoroondo ye "baba veRussian theatre"

Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov, ane nhoroondo yake isinganzwisisiki nekunamatwa kwetsika yenyika yezana remakore rechigumi nemana, inofungidzirwa zvakakodzera "baba veRussian theatre". Akashanda semutambo wechirwere uye wekusununguka. Chinokosha kukopa kwake kune mabhuku eRussia, ayo, nokuda kwezvaakanyora, akanyanya kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira yezviitiko izvozvo. Zita rake nguva dzose rakapinda munhoroondo yeRussia.

Uyu mugari wenhaka yezita rekare rakanaka

November 25, 1717 muMoscow mumhuri yemuenzaniso Petro Sumarokov, mwanakomana akaberekwa, uyo ainzi Alexander. Kufanana nevana vakawanda kubva kumhuri dzekare dzakanaka, iyo mhuri yeSumarokov, mukomana akawana kudzidziswa kwake uye dzidzo kumba padzidziso yevadzidzisi nevadzidzisi vakashandiswa nevabereki.

Mumakore iwayo, vakuru vakuru vechidiki vakapa basa rehondo. Alexander Sumarokov yakanga isiri iyo. Nhoroondo yeupenyu hwake hwezvokuzvimirira inotanga apo, pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, anopinda muGrick Gentry Corps, iyo yakavhurwa muSt. Petersburg pamusana weMudzimai Anna Ioannovna. Mumadziro ake, anoshandisa makore masere uye pano kwekutanga kokutanga kupinda mumabhuku.

Cadet Corps uye basa riri kuuya

Munguva dzekudzidza kwake paCadet Corps, munyori wekunyora anonyora nhetembo nemashoko, achitora semuenzaniso mabasa evanyori veFrance uye anogara naye V. Trediakovski. Zvinyorwa zvake zvokutanga zvekunyora ndezvekutenderera kwemaapisarema. Mukuwedzera, iye anozadzisa mirairo kubva kune shamwari dzake-anonyora pamusoro pavo iyo congratulatory odes yeEmpress Anna Ioannovna, uyo akatonga mumakore iwayo, iyo yakanga yakanyatsonaka.

Muna 1740, pakati pevechidiki vakuru-vadzidzi vezvematongerwo enyika vaiva Alexander Sumarokov. Biography inotaura kuti hupenyu hwake mumakore iwayo hwakanga huchikura uye pamwe chete. Mumakore ake makumi maviri nematatu iye akanyoreswa muhofisi ye Count Count Minich, anokurumidza kuva munyori wega wega Count Count Golovin, uye ipapo anesimba rose Alexei Razumovsky. Asi, pasinei nebasa rakazarurwa pamberi pake, akazvipira zvakakwana kumabhuku. Chifananidzo chake chemakore iwayo - Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, mahedheni akakurumbira akazova Sumarokov muenzaniso wekubatana uye mutungamiriri mukutsvaka nzira yekusika.

Kutanga Kukudzwa Kubwinya

Zvisinei, hapana muenzi chaiye anogona kugutsikana chete nekutevedzera izvo zvakasikwa neumwe munhu, nguva dzose anotarisa maitiro ake. Ndizvo zvakaitwa naSasarokov. Nhoroondo yehupenyu hwake hwekusika inotanga kunyanya apo mumaroni emadzidzisi eSt. Petersburg aristocracy akawanda mazita emimhanzi yake yorudo inooneka. Iyi ndiyo yakasarudzwa nemunyori kwete nekukanganisa. Ndivo avo vainyanya kubvumidza kuzarura mafungiro eAlexandro - jaya rakanaka rakanaka, rakazara nerudo rwezvakaitika mune zvezera rake.

Asi kubwinya kwechokwadi kwakauyiswa kwaari nekutora ndima yemutambo we "verse" ye "Khorev", iyo yakaitwa mudare muna 1747. Akabva abuda muhurukuro, achiita pachena, izvo zvakaita kuti zita rake rizivikanwe. Mushure mezvo, uyewo panhandare, mitambo yakawanda inoitwa, munyori waro aiva Sumarokov. Nhoroondo yebasa rake inobva panguva ino kusvika kune imwe nhanho - inova munyori wezvenyanzvi.

Saturated upenyu hwokusika hwe Sumarokov

Muna 1752 kwaiva nechiitiko chinokosha. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, kuburikidza nemurairo wake, akadanwa kubva kuF F. Yaroslavl chiitiko chinoshamisa chemitambo yemakore iwayo FG Volkov ndokumuraira kuti agadzire yekutanga yemitambo yeRussia, iyo mutungamiri wayo Sumarokov akagadzwa.

Nhoroondo shomanana yaiye chete mumashoko akawanda anokwanisa kupa pfungwa yekubatsira kwakakosha kunoitwa nomunhu uyu pakuumbwa kweupenyu hwekuRussia, asi mukuyeuka kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera akachengetwa se "baba veRussian theater", iyo iwe, iwe unobvumirana, inonyanya kutaura kupfuura mamwe mazwi.

Nhaka yake yekusika isingasviki zvakakura. Unokwanisa kuyeuka matambudziko masere akabuda mubako rake, makomiti makumi maviri uye matatu operatic librettos. Mukuwedzera, Sumarokov akasiya chikamu chikuru mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinyorwa. Mabasa ake akadhindwa pamapeji ebhuku rezvidzidzo Monthly Writings, uye muna 1759 anotanga kuparadzira bhuku rake, The Hard-Working Bee. Mumakore akatevera, zvakawanda zvekunyora zvinyorwa zvake nenhema zvakabudiswa.

Kuguma kwoupenyu hwechirwere uye chiyeuchidzo chevana vake

Vatungamiri venhandare Sumarokov vakaitwa kusvikira muna 1761. Mushure mezvo, achiri kurarama kwechinguva mumuguta guru, uye muna 1769 akatamira kuMoscow. Pano iye ane kukakavara kwakakomba nemukuru-mukuru-mukuru P. Saltykov, uyo ane rutivi rwakatorwa nemudzimai. Izvi zvinokonzera kushungurudzika mune zvemweya kumudetembi uye zvinosanganisira zvinetso zvakakomba zvenyama. Asi, pasinei nematambudziko, mumakore makumi manomwe iye, maererano nevatsvakurudzi, akanyora mabasa ake akaisvonaka, akadai se "Dmitry Pretender", "Sneaky" nevamwe vakawanda. Akafira musi waOctober 12, 1777 uye akavigwa muDon Cemetery kuMoscow.

Descendants akazonyatsokoshesa zvakakosha zvemurume uyu pamberi peBaba. Pachivako chakakurumbira "Millennium yeRussia" pakati pezvakaitika kare zviitiko zvehurumende zvinomiririrwa naAlexander Sumarokov (Mufananidzo wechinhu icho muverengi anogona kuona pane peji). Pamabasa ake akawedzera zvizvarwa zvevanyori, avo vakaumba kubwinya nekudada kwetsika dzedu, uye zvinyorwa zvake zvemitambo zvakava bhuku rezverwrights munguva yemberi.