Nenzira hutachiwana

akawandisa tupukanana anogara munyika, usingaonekwi yevanhu ziso. Vamwe vavo havana kuipa chero ngozi, apo vanogona vamwe kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Ndedzipi nzira uye achishandisa kupararira chirwere, pane - mubvunzo kuti zvakakodzera.

Chirwere: asi mashandiro uye kwadzinoita hutachiwana. Decryption mazwi

Zvesayenzi ichi, epidemiology, akashandisa mashoko okuti "chirwere". Izwi rinoreva ngozi chirwere kubva chirimwa, mhuka kana muviri dzevanhu utachiona siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira majemusi, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, uye zvichingodaro. E. Zvirwere vari chinopfuudzwa maererano zvimwe zvigadziriswe. Under nzira idzi wemishonga dzakananga nzira kufamba utachiona kubva kunobva kuna muvamwe muviri.

Nyanzvi ziva zvina hutachiwana mashandiro :

• fecal-zvokuudzwa;
• aerosol-aerogenic;
• transmissible;
• bloodborne.

Mumwe mashandiro chinozoiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana (nzira). Iri izwi rinoreva zvinhu kuti pave kupinda ari chirwere ari kubatwa muviri pane zvimwe zvinhu.

nokupfuuridzirwa nzira chakanangana fecal-nomumukanwa mashandiro

Zvirwere wakananga ichi nokupfuuridzirwa mashandiro, rinonzi intestinal. The causative mutumwa muridzi anogara zvomudumbu ino. The Environmental tusingaoneki kuwana pamwe faeces. The itsva muviri utachiona pinda-siyana. Heano nzira wokushandura intestinal chirwere:

• (Mvura yakasvibiswa kana kushandiswa) mvura;
• zvokudya (mu mazai, nyama, hove, mukaka, muriwo utachiona, michero uye michero);
• kuonana-mhuri (kuburikidza siyana zvemumba).

In mvura, zvipenyu zviduku zvinokonzerwa zvakananga raparadza mu mutsvina yadzo yake kana ivhu utachiona. Kana chikafu uye kuonana-mhuri yedzimudzangara yenzira zvokudya uye zvemumba zvinowanzotaurwa utachiwana pashure munhu anorwara kushumira kunobva chirwere, izvozvo unozvibata. Basa rinokosha nokupfuuridzirwa utachiona vatambe nhunzi. Pathogenic tusingaoneki vasvike tsoka Tupukanana nevanhu mutsvina yadzo.

MUENZANISO chirwere pamwe fecal-zvokuudzwa nomuromo mashandiro

Mumwe anozivikanwa zvirwere zvevanhu - nemanyoka. chirwere ichi, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva maronda gastrointestinal syndromes uye zvayo rwarisa kudhaka. The chirwere kunoitika nokuda nemanyoka tsvimbo kungova genus Shigella. Nzira kutapukirwa - mvura, zvokudya uye kuonana-mhuri.

Pari, manyoka akaonekwa mune kure zviitiko. Chirwere kunoitika:

• nokuda kushandisa mvura kubva munzizi, matsime, mbiru, riri kusingagutsi utsanana uye michina ezvinhu;
• kushandiswa insufficiently kupatsanurwa zvokudya (tsvina, musoro).

Zvinogonekawo nzvongo - zvirwere boka. Water matenda zvinokonzerwa zvinetso zviri decentralized uye centralized mvura. Contact-mhuri panomuka kazhinji dzinoitika kuenda kukireshi nokuda zvaipesana Anti-dambudziko hurumende (somuenzaniso, nokuda havaratidzi akaita disinfection zviyero).

Kupfuudzwa nzira apo aerosol-aerogenic mashandiro

Izvi chinja mashandiro ane mazita akawanda. Munguva kushandiswa kwemabhuku pane zvinhu zvakadai chido, pfapfaidzo, inodonha. Aongorora navo, tinogona kuona kuti aerosol-inhalatory hutachiwana mashandiro hwokuratidza localization pakati nayo utachiona iri kufema nhengo.

Tusingaoneki hunogona kutapukira nenzira dzinotevera (nzira):

1. Kuenda neherikoputa. The causative mumiririri asunungurwa panguva vangakosora, sneezing, kutaura. Mumate vanayo madzihwa kupinda zvakatipoteredza, uye ipapo mhepo anopinda kumuviri.
2. By inhalation guruva. With ichi Kupfuudzwa nzira munhu utano utachiwana pashure ingestion kuti kuenda neherikoputa seguruva ane utachiona.

Mienzaniso zvirwere vane aerosol-hutachiwana mashandiro inhalatory

Influenza vanowanzochema chirwere nemavhairasi hunhu. The chikuru kwadzinoita kutapurirwa - kuenda neherikoputa. Apo chirwere kunokanganisa rokumusoro kufema turakiti. Kana utachiona anopinda dzevanhu organizmzdorovogo, zviratidzo zvakadai kuneta, kutemwa nomusoro, tsandanyama uye kurwadza kwemajoini. tembiricha muviri rinobuda. Kwapera nguva, varwere chokunyunyuta pamusoro nasal kuzara, kwazvo huro, yakaoma chikosoro.

Kuenda neherikoputa guruva chinja nzira iri chaiyo rutsvuku fivha - A streptococcal chirwere, punctate vaine mapundu, kwazvo huro uye nezviratidzo kudhaka. At chirwere utachiona vari yabudiswa dzevanhu murwere sputum, pus. Ivo husingakwanisi zvikuru dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Izvi rinotsanangura mukana chirwere kuburikidza mhepo uye guruva.

kutapukirwa nzira apo Transmissible mashandiro

For transmissible mashandiro kuti hutachiwana kwese ugaro utachiona kupinda hondo ropa. Mune kumuviri utachiona anopinda kuburikidza arthropods (inda, inda, umhutu, nezvikwekwe, nhunzi). Vatakuri akakamurwa yakananga uye nonspecific. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira arthropods, izvo itakurwe zvimwe zvirwere. Somuenzaniso, maduramazwi vectors nemarariya kubudikidza umhutu, typhus - inda. Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira Nhunzi vakatakura chakasimba intestinal zvirwere, fivha, kuzvimba chiropa A.

Transmissible mashandiro hunogona kutapukira:

• anthroponoses (dura uye tsime chirwere chete munhu);
• Zoonoses (dura uye manyuko chirwere ndiyo mhuka);
• anthropozoonosis (panobva chirwere kunogona mhuka uye vanhu).

Mienzaniso zvirwere transmissible nokupfuuridzirwa mashandiro

Mumwe zvirwere Vector nezvipembenene - marariya. It anroponoznoe chirwere kunokonzerwa majemusi pamusoro genus ndiye Plasmodium. Utachiona vari chinopfuudzwa kubva sick vanhu utano kuti kubudikidza Umhutu kungova genus Anopheles. Muridzi itsva inova rwarisa chete kana ropa kuzviratidza dzepabonde siyana nayo utachiona - gametocytes. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzinopisa marariya richiwanika pamusoro vhiki atanga parasitaemia uye anoramba rose gore.

Mumwe muenzaniso chirwere transmissible mashandiro ose Kupfuudzwa - denda. The causative mumiririri ndiye Yersinia pestis (wakaiswa utachiona zvakaumbwa zvimiti). Panobva chirwere zvakasikwa ndiyo nemakonzo, uye mutakuri - inda. Izvi Zvipembenene pashure kudya ropa madhaka munyika zvomudumbu ezvinhu ropa-yakayamwa anotanga kuwanda denda microbe. Utachiona uchingounganidza muzadze lumen ari zvomudumbu chubhu. In Zvakazoitwa ikaruma emhuka kana vanhu nhata mumarutsi utachiona uye zvinopa saka pakusvibiswa.

transduction gwara yokusafa bloodborne mashandiro

Bloodborne hutachiwana mashandiro runozivisa zvirwere zvizhinji: kwemabhakitiriya, fungal, nemavhairasi, protozoan, parasitic. Utachiona kupinda muviri nenzira dzakasiyana. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pane zvinotevera nzira hutachiwana:

• mira;
• parenteral;
• transplantation;
• pabonde.

Vertical kwadzinoita yedzimudzangara ndiyo nokuda kupinda pakati nayo utachiona iri muviri mudumbu kubva muviri womukadzi nepamuviri kuburikidza placenta. Nokuti parenteral nzira kunoratidzwa kuita kurapwa. Somuenzaniso, mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanhu vanova utachiona vari mazino hofisi, apo chiremba anoshandisa non-chena zviridzwa a. Nokuisazve kutapukirwa nzira iri rakatangwa apo transplanting nhengo dzomukati. Last nzira yokusafa zvirwere kuburikidza zvepabonde.

Uyezve, zvinoita here govera kutapurirwa kuonana nzira. Kana utachiona kunoitika kuburikidza zvakananga nevanhu utachiona uye Pakusuma panobva pamusoro pemvura ganda uye mucous membranes (semuenzaniso, scabies)

MUENZANISO chirwere pamwe bloodborne hutachiwana mashandiro

Current zvokurapa uye magariro dambudziko ndechokuti vanhu vakawanda havazivi kana kusateerera nzira kupararira nezvirwere zvepabonde, hadzina kudzivirirwa panguva chero Links. Ndokusaka STD ari kakawanda chirwere kuvarapi.

Muenzaniso utachiona pamwe bloodborne hutachiwana mashandiro ari HIV. Apo chirwere kunokanganisa zvirwere. Zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kusvikira inotungamirwa AIDS (vawana immunodeficiency chirwere). Utachiona hwakakura - utachiona of retrovirus mhuri. Panobva chirwere anoita munhu anorwara.

Kushungurudzwa uye mira hutachiwana dzinoshandiswa zvinokosha (dzinongoitika) mu chirwere ichi. chakagadzirwa gwara (parenteral uye nokuisazve) riri kuitwa chinozoiswa nokushingaira. Kana utachiona anopinda mariri kuburikidza ganda wakaputsika kana mucous membranes pamwe kuchirapa uye chirwere dzokuvhiya, zvinodhaka kutarisira kuita nyora mune nonsterile ezvinhu.

nosocomial noutachiona

Zvikurukuru chaikoshawo muri zvirwere chipatara-vawana (Hai). Ichi nechinetso chakakomba zvikuru. Kana vanhu kubata zvirwere nosocomial ari kubvuma kuti kuchipatara kana kutsvaka kurapwa. Nosocomial Zvirwere kukonzera wandei kukuvadza utano. Mukuwedzera, kuwedzera nguva kurapa uye mutsigiro mu sangano rine zvokurapa, chikonzero matambudziko, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kurufu.

Nzira kutapukirwa mu siyana dzokurapa chivako. Utachiona kupinda muviri vanhu sezvo dzinongoitika (faecal-nemumuromo, aerosol uye inhalatory) kana chakagadzirwa (panguva invasive kuchirapa uye chirwere akarapwa) rinoreva. Nosocomial Zvirwere kuitika kwete chete nokuda asiri kuchengetwa utsanana-Utsanana uye Anti-denda hwechiFascist, asiwo nokuda chidzoke zvigare husingakwanisi chemotherapeutic zvinodhaka, nemishonga, uye kwakaomarara dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu.

In mhedziso, zvinokosha kuziva kuti mumwe chirwere yaingowanikwa dzimwe nzira (nzira) kuti kutapurirana zvirwere. Kuziva pamusoro sei utachiona kunoitika, zvinokwanisika kuti kudzivisa kuwanikwa zvimwe zvirwere (somuenzaniso, regai kushandisa zvigadzirwa tsvina, tichidzivisa zvepabonde, kutungamirira mararamiro utano uye kuti kurega zvinodhaka).