Kitai-Gorod, Moscow, St. Petersburg ... Nei guta rinonzi guta?

Kazhinji mashoko Familiar, emazita uye adjectives, mazita nzizi uye maguta ndiwo chipfuro etymologists kudzidza. Masayendisiti vanoda kusvika chaizvo zvinorehwa kwakabva imwe pfungwa. Zvakanaka, somuenzaniso. Nei guta rinonzi guta? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, ngationei kuti sei rinochinjwa mashoko uye chii chinoitika kune vatambi.

A uye B vagere pamusoro chubhu, kana sei guta rainzi guta

The nyore Tsananguro ndechokuti shoko "bindu" (yakakomberedzwa) pakupedzisira vakarasikirwa tsamba "iwe". Kuramba etymological "anochera" uye vachitevera vanhu pfungwa, zvinokwanisika kuti vaswedere zvakafanana uye kuyeuka kuti "mapeto" (pamusuo musha) - wakabva kwezuva nezuva marwadzo rokuti "pamusoro pechiso". Kana chimvuramabwe - iri kugarwa nokuda vepamusoro ane simba noruzhowa mhando Somuenzaniso, youmambo kana yemauto ipapo ruzhowa (kana munda) rinoreva "vakapoteredza guta", kureva kuti, pedyo akakombwa nzvimbo kunze. Ndokusaka guta rainzi guta.

Kakawanda, vanhu zvinhu zvakadai dzaiva mhizha uye vatengesi. Kana nhamba vagari yakawedzera okologorodnih, vakavaka kudzivirira fenzi itsva - rusvingo. Saka guta uye akakura vari musimboti, akavhara madziro zvivako.

Kana Chinese vaigara Moscow yekare?

Uye Moscow rakavakwa nezvindori, sezvinoratidzwa akachengetedzwa mazita: mubindu Ring, ari Boulevard Ring . Uye vamwe Muzana remakore rechi15, Ivan III akadzinga fenzi mhuri Kremlin handicraft, vomuguta uye mushambadzi vanhu. Rokuvaka mumwe rusvingo rakapedzwa vavaki vokuItaly muna 1538. Nzvimbo vaakagamuchira inonakidza zita - China Town, uye rusvingo pacharo ainzi Kitai-Gorod. To musi, nharaunda iyi ndohwaJehovha Tverskoy yoruwa uye ndiye yaiona, tsika uye mabhizimisi nechepakati Moscow. Sei anonzi China Town? Placename rakabva musanganiswa mashoko Russian-Italian uye rinoreva "rusvingo rweguta". Maererano neimwe shanduro, shoko "China" ane Turkic mavambo uye anoreva yemauto akakombwa nzvimbo. Asi maererano imwe pfungwa, zvakaitika musi East necheSalvic shoko "China", "shato huru", iro rinoreva "sezvinoita fenzi", kuti akavaka nheyo fenzi. Kwakadaro rakarukwa rusvingo simba yakaiswa chinhambwe kubva mumwe, uye musiyano uri pakati pavo vakazara pasi, mabwe makuru, mavhu uye ivhu. Zvinoguma rusvingo simba kwazvo, yokuparara izvo dzimwe nguva vasingagoni kunyange cannonballs. Nokudaro, Chinese havana muMoscow.

sainzi achiri dzinonakidza - Mabviro! The ongororo mazita akasiyana pachena. Zvikurukuru, unogona kunzwisisa chikonzero nei guta rainzi guta. Asi shure kune mazita edu panzvimbo.

Kamwe muna 1922 Moscow akava guta guru Soviet Union, zvakatanga guru kugadzirisa uye redesign pamusoro dzomumaguta nzvimbo. White rusvingo ibwe China-guta yacho yakaparadzwa zvachose muna 1934. Vamwe zvasara ichi chivako zvakachengetedzwa pamusoro pachivara. Revolution muna Theater Lane asi kuchiteshi "China Town" nenzira "Varvarka".

On pamhenderekedzo ine machakwi rwizi

"Pachava guta akavaka rayo Moscow richanzi nezita rwizi!" - akati Yuri Dolgoruky. Kungoda zvinyorwa anorondedzera zvikuru kuronga muguta. Kutaura zvazviri, mumwe musha muduku pamahombekombe erwizi aivapo kare chiitiko ichi chinokosha 1147. Sei anonzi muguta Moscow, zviri pachena - ndiwo zita rorwizi, pamusoro inovakwa. Uye chii chaizvo shoko iro rinorevei? Kune hypotheses zhinji, kugadzirisa kwakabva zita. Mabviro nevamwe vaongorori vachiri kuramba kubata nhoroondo yaro inotungamirwa uye tsika. Saka sei shoko iri rinorevei? Uye nei guta rainzi guta, pane, muti, kumucheto?

With Panyaya yechipiri mabhii havasi kusiyana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mutauro dzavanhu Komi vakakwereta PARTICIPLE "-wa", zvichireva kuti "nyoro" kana "mvura". A mabhii yokutanga zvichishandurwa zvakasiyana. We funga shanduro dzakawanda:

• "Mosquito" - "rima" kana "dema" mumitauro reBaltic;
• Komi marudzi rinoshandurwa se "mhou";
• Mari iri pa "Mesca" (nebere);
• Translation Czech - 'mbishi chingwa ";
• Slovaks shoko wakagarira kuti "gandwa";
• vanhu Erzya "mazy" - rakanaka, "Kuva" - nzvimbo.
• mumutauro kwechiSlavonic "Mosquito" - a "moorland".

Zvichitevera nyore zvisingarambiki, zvinoitika kuti Moscow - rwizi ine madhaka, marshy Mahombekombe, kana kungoti "doro mvura". Shanduro iyi kunosimbiswa ndechokuti rwizi zvinoda kutanga kwayo kubva Starkovskogo doro.

Pakutanga kwaingova nhare

Chimwe guta Russian ane nhoroondo okuremekedza kazhinji excites kuziva kubvunzana pfungwa - Petersburg. Mumupata rwizi Neva, adzikinura kubva Sweden uye dzakabatana Russian Empire, Peter I akarayira kuvaka guta nenhare. Kubvira pakurigadzira (1703) uye 1720 nhare rokutanga ainzi St. Peter-Burj. Gare gare zita yachinja kakawanda, kuti haana zvitadzise kukosha chinhu. Chii chakanaka chakaunza kusikwa guta idzva iri kumahombekombe Neva?

• Russia kuwana gungwa pakutengeserana itsva.
• Achishingaira akatanga kukudziridza shipbuilding.
• Future Petro Paul Fortress rava yakavimbika chipingamupinyi nechisimba.

Gare gare nhare ichi akakura guta rakanaka, iyo yava kunzi kuchamhembe guru Russia.

St. Peter-Burj, aizivikanwawo St. Petersburg, naiyewo Petrograd, Leningrad uye St. Petersburg

Kubva 1720 kusvika 1914, uye guta guru Russian Empire yainzi St. Petersburg. "Musande" - mutsvene, "Peter" - Peter, "Burj" - guta, tinowana "guta St. Peter." Zvinoratidzika chiya mhinduro, nekuti zvose zviri pachena. The guru akapiwa zita rayo muvambi. Ndokusaka guta rainzi St. Petersburg.