Kana iwe vakakokwa vatongi sezvo kurega? Legal zvikonzero kurambwa

Zvinoitika kuti zvisingatarisirwi mugari anogamuchira tsamba, teregiramu kana chinangwa kuti anosungwa mudare somunhu pasi mutongi. Vamwe vanoona sechinhu raiitirwa basa uye mirawo kuzadzikisa mabasa avo. Vamwe, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana havadi kana havagoni ndiitewo muedzo.

Ndiani?

Saka, kutanga unofanira kuziva vari mudare vaiongorora nyaya? Iri izwi rinoreva kuvatongi (asi kwete nyanzvi) kuti vanobatanidzwa mune mazita jurors uye kubatanidza mudare mhosva zviri pamutemo.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chete kutora chikamu bhizimisi kunganzi tsotsi vatongi, uye chete mhosva avo kuti dzinoiswa zvakakura kana zvakakura kwazvo. The chaizvo chete vatongi anogona vanogadzwa kungobva chirongwa ari kupomerwa.

Kuferefeta nezvokukanganisa mhosva navatongi unyanzvi akagadzirisa nyaya zvinoda ruzivo inokosha pamutemo uye unyanzvi. Lay vatongi (vatongi kusarudzwa kunoitika randomly pakati vanhuwo zvavo) a mutongo mhosva kana kusavapo mukwirirwi Unoreva chiito ichi. Panyaya iyi, sarudzo vaiongorora nyaya vari kwakavakirwa kuzviitira tinyatsonzwisisa kuitika, uye pasinei nechinzvimbo uye maonero vatongi vakakodzera.

A vatongi chokupedzisira mutongo haigoni kumira. Kureva, havagoni kuziva chirevo, kuti kodzero yacho mhosva uye nemamwe nguva pamutemo chinokosha. Masimba aya basa chete anokwanisa zvokutonga marongerwo.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Nhoroondo vatongi miedzo mu Russia ine midzi yawo kare 1767. Waiva mutongo kusimbisa akati dare akaiswa gore rino. Pakupedzisira, sangano chikoro uyu chete wokurera muna 1864. Muzviitiko zvakawanda uyu anosimudzirwa iyoyo vakatevera zvokutonga kuchinja.

Kana simba munyika vakasvika Bolsheviks, vaiongorora nyaya yakanga pakarepo kuregwa. Uye ivepo yakaguma muna 1917. Uye pashure vakawanda emakore chete, asi Institute rave akararamazve uye akanatswa. Yakanga akawana kuti vatongi ichaparadzwa rinoumbwa gumi jurors (pamwe mbiri ANOPONESA kana urwere kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvisingafanoonekwi kuti wamuka pakati vatongi anokosha mamiriro).

Vakasarudzwa jurors

Get wenyaya kuitawo kutongwa sezvo ane jaji murege zvose. Vamhan'ari vanosarudzwa randomly kubva mazita wakagadzirira pachine. Izvi mazita kunotangira kamwe pamakore mana ose. Ivo vakaita vaigadzirira yomunharaunda Executive zviremera. Pane nguva dzose mazita yenhengo maviri: wemauto uye negadziriro yeparutivi (pakuparwa hazvibviri kubatanidzwa vomuUmambo pamusoro mukuru pasi).

Sachigaro kuMudzidzisi romunharaunda rokutonga simba anofanira pagore zvapinda rokutarisira sei jurors zhinji angafanira zvakanaka nokufambira kwokubatsira kururamisira. Pahwaro mashoko Executive zviremera kunhonga nhamba inodiwa musarudzo.

Zvinodiwa rwevamiriri

Zvinoenderana Federal Law nhamba 113 20 August 2004 "On Jurors yeUnited matare vakawanda chepasi muna Russian Federation," munhu aikwikwidza nokuda chinzvimbo ichi vachava vagari Russian Federation:

• Zvachose anogara munyika.
• makore anenge 25 kubva zera.
• Asina kunyoreswa zviri zvinodhaka uye vepfungwa yekuongororwa.
• Ko woshanda zvizere.
• Kwete kuva panguva vaigadzirira ndandanda yevaifungidzirwa uye vaipomerwa.

mabasa

Persons vanobatanidzwa mudare hearings ari tsotsi mhosva, anofanira zvinotevera masimba uye mabasa:

• Kudzidza zvose ezvinhu mhosva, kudzidza panyama uchapupu (kusanganisira kuteerera makaseti okuteerera nemavhidhiyo, Kuongorora zvinhu uye zvokuridzira mhosva).
• Hupo munguva kuferefeta, kudiwa izvo angamuka mukufamba muedzo.
• Chiziviso nyaya pamusoro zvemashoko tsotsi nyaya (kuburikidza aitungamirira).
• Kuchengeta zvinyorwa kuti vakazoroorwa kuita chisarudzo ari ndatomboenda pamudyandigere mumba.
• The kukumbira kujekeswa mumutemo ano, kupona kudare magwaro (uyewo haana zvakananga, asi kuburikidza aitungamirira).

masimba

The chikuru basa (masimba makuru) vatongi ndiko kumisa mhosva kana nepakuchena munhu incriminated mune mhosva.

The Kugadzirisa (mumutauro pamutemo - mutongo) zvavakatemerwa akati kutongwa vechikamu musangano mukamuri, pakupera pakudzidza ari tsotsi zvazvingava, kudzidza zvose uchapupu, achinzwa vanobatwa, zvapupu nokuda kwokudzivirira uye kutonga kwacho, vanhu kupomerwa nevanozvitsigira, uyewo pfungwa nevoruzhinji muchuchisi.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vatongi edzimhosva hadzina kodzero vasarudze pamusoro mhando uye uwandu kurangwa. Ivo vanofanira chete kuti mubvunzo yomupomerwi mhosva kana kwete.

General mibvunzo nokuti vatongi vari akagadzira kuitira kuti kupa chaicho akanaka kana akaipa mhinduro. Mudare vanopindura mibvunzo inotevera:

1. Aiva mhosva pachayo?
2. kana mukwirirwi vakaita izvozvo?
3. Kana ane mhosva?

masimba chaiwo

Nei vakawanda vaipomerwa Vapikisi kufunga mhosva nokuda vatongi? Wokupedzisira mutongo, maererano vakawanda vavo, muchiitiko ichi, achava manyoro, sezvo vatongi akapa simba Kumurerutsira.

Maererano nemutadzi nzira mutemo yomupomerwi ane kodzero Kumurerutsira nokuda pamberi mitigating ezvinhu. Chisarudzo kubvuma nerusununguko achitungamirira mutongi nokuongorora maonero vaiongorora nyaya.

Sezvo mapato paitongwa havasi vatongi nyanzvi, uye kazhinji kacho havazivi zviri pamutemo inokosha, chisarudzo musi ngoni kakawanda vatora navo pahwaro kuzviitira kupima uye ukama kune kupomerwa munhu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vazhinji vaipomerwa vanovimba vanhu ava vasiri nyanzvi uye vari kutarisira kuti kuderedzwa mutongo.

Chii kwete kuita?

Jurors - a dzakazara vechikamu vasaenderera mberi. Panyaya iyi, vari pasi vakawanda yakasimba kurambidzwa, izvo zvinosanganisira inorambidza:

• kusiya mudare panguva kunzwa;
• kuunganidza mashoko zvemashoko tsotsi nyaya kunze mudare;
• pamusoro kutaura kuzviitira nepfungwa yacho kunze kunyatsofunga mukamuri (kureva munhu jaji haisi kodzero kutaura kwavo mafungiro pachavo pamusoro chokwadi nyaya mudare);
• pamusoro kutyora pachivande musangano uye sarudzo (kureva vatongi haafaniri buritsa chero ruzivo pamusoro ani uye sei avatongi akavhotera uye chii mafungiro kwakunoitwa nyaya).

remuneration

Saka, wasvikapo basa ravo chero mari jurors? The mari inofanira rakapa chokupika mashandiro ari assessor kana kwete? Mhinduro kumibvunzo iyi iri nyore nokudzorwa mutemo.

Chokupika mabasa kwavo akabhadhara jurors. The mari iri akaripa tichiregeredza yacho remunharaunda bhajeti. Kwakakura muripo ichi rinowanikwa kubva hafu muhoro mutongi. Muchiitiko chino, muripo angasava zvishoma pane avhareji mubayiro mumwe mugari panzvimbo yake basa pamutemo (kuenderana nguva kunzwa).

Mukuwedzera, vatongi ndanyarara hangu yokufambisa chokuita litigation, uyewo kudzoka yekufambisa (maererano mitemo yokudzora zvakafanana urongwa vatongi).

Mutemo rinopawo kuti munguva yokuva mugari ari mberi ari mutongi ari mukuru haangagoni moto basa (pa kutanga musoro) kana kuchinjirwa kune yakaderera akabhadhara chinzvimbo zvichidzika. Panguva vatongi zvichachengetwawo zvachose neropafadzo zvose uye anoziva nzvimbo yaro chikuru yokutengeserana.

nezvaidzivirira

Sezvo vatongi kunzwa mhosva chokuita Mapato zvokuva uye dzakakomba zvikuru, ivo nemhuri dzavo vanogona kupa mutsika kana chaiko kumanikidzwa.

Somunhu dzakazara vechikamu kutongwa, vatongi kuwira pasi kudzivirira ehurumende. Vane inviolable, uye mapurisa vanosungirwa kudzivirira upenyu uye hutano vatongi, nhengo dzemhuri yake uye kuchengetedzwa kwayo zvinhu.

Akumbirwa akati vanhu kumanikidzwa kana kutyisidzira chokuita nokuongorora tsotsi nyaya, zviremera pakarepo kutora jaji atidzivirire kwenguva ya kutongwa.

panguva zvemitemo pamwero iri rambidzwa vachipindira mabasa jurors iri kwokubatsira kururamisira navo.

The vatongi munguva chokupika mashandiro ayo, shandisa mubumbiro gadziriro dzinoshanda vatongi. Saka, somuenzaniso, ivo kwakagonesa kuvimbika uye rusununguko.

Ndinogona vasarudze kunze?

Pasinei chokwadi kuti aurayiwe pamusoro anoitwa wehurumende chamakarairwa mugari, mutemo pamusoro jurors anopa mukana kukundikana.

Pashure munhu agamuchira ziviso pamusoro samanisi, anofanira mukati memazuva gumi nemana kuti rakanyorwa mashoko purezidhendi dare. Mashoko anofanira kutaridzwa zvikonzero chaizvo izvo munhu anogona kutora chikamu mune miedzo.

Saka, kana munhu mugari asi vakasarudzwa jurors. Sei I Unsubscribe? Kune vakawanda wakaiswa ezvinhu umo unogona kudzivisa akafanana mugumo.

Dzinovarambidza kubatanidzwa vatongi muedzo unogashirwa inotevera mitemo ezvinhu:

1. A mugari ane unwithdrawn kana hunoshamisa mhosva chinyorwa.
2. Munhu judicially akazivisa sagona.
3. Mugari iri dziri nhoroondo narcological kana vepfungwa chipatara (kiriniki).
4. Haazivi mutauro umo muedzo nevamwe.
5. Age - makore 65 uye vakwegura.
6. Kuvapo chirwere kana zvimwe chaiko undonda (zvinodiwa rakanyorwawo) iro chinonditadzisa kuita izvi.
7. Mugari aishanda ari mutongi, muchuchisi, dzendege, gweta, magweta, bailiffs basa, tsika miviri, mujeri hurongwa, uyewo munhu anotenda mabasa private Detective.
8. Munhu ari nhengo kana mushumiri.

In ose pamusoro pacho Act anobvumira jurors kuramba kuita nhengo mabasa vatongi.

Mukuwedzera, sachigaro wedare kana aitungamirira mutongi anogona kubvisirwa mabasa ake sezvo jurors avo nemukanwa kana yakanyorwa mashoko anotevera vagari:

• vanhu pamusoro pazera matanhatu makore;
• Vakadzi nevana pasi makore matatu.

Wamasarudzira vatongi basa? How kudzima (nokuti chero zvikonzero), unogona?

• Nezvikonzero zvechitendero.
• Kana arumurwa chiso kubva paro basa mabasa anogona kukonzera inokosha kukuvara paruzhinji uye hurumende nezvido (vanachiremba, vendege vezvikepe, etc.).

Handidi, kwete

Zvokuita kana uchiri sarudza jurors? How kuti vasarudze kana munhu chepamutemo chikonzero kuti havapo?

Practice inoratidza kuti dare kwakakwanira kupa yokurapa chitupa vakachisimbisa kuti hazvibviri kuitawo zvekufamba panyama (kubatsirwa kwakadaro nyore kubva chiremba omunharaunda upi, achidana zvimwe zviratidzo, zvakadai sokunzwa musoro, marwadzo mwoyo, mukuru zvakawanda zvive). In dare, rakarurama akarongwa bhuku Check achava zvakaoma (uye kashoma kuti mumwe munhu achazviita).

Unogonawo kureva yezvavanotenda uye nyika maonero, umo mugari havagoni kutora chikamu pakusarudza njodzi mumwe munhu.

Zvakakosha kuti mugari inova mutongi chete pashure kuunza akakodzera mhiko kuti ari mudare. Kubvira achisimudzira pambiru kwaitanga uye kana kukundikana kuoneka pakutongwa vangagara kuti administrative aitongerwa wakanaka, uwandu chiri ka25 shoma mubayiro.

Zvisinei, kusvikira panguva yakadai munhu hauna akati wainyatsotaura mhiko, zviri kungonamata mumiriri chinzvimbo. A musarudzo nokuti mitemo asingagoveri chero kuita.

Saka, kana munhu mugari asi vakasarudzwa jurors, sei kuramba - mubvunzo uri nyore uye ane mhinduro sezvo mune zvemitemo vaenzane uye tsika.

mugumisiro

Anotongwa vatongi - inzira yaingowanikwa muedzo, umo mune Mutongo mukwirirwi mhosva iri kupinda kwete chete nokuda vatongi vanokwanisa, asi zvizvarwa zvavo.

The akati sangano anotakura zvose zvinotaurwa nevanhu, maererano izvo vanhuwo vomunyika vane kodzero pamutemo uye zviri pamutemo kuti vataurewo pfungwa dzavo pamusoro zvemashoko tsotsi mhosva.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kuva mutongi - raiitirwa basa sechinhu mugari, ane kodzero yokuramba kuita mabasa basa nayo. Saka, kana iwe wasarudza jaji sezvo kupa, imi munoziva.

Vakomberedze nhandare pamusoro izvo munhu akadzingwa ne assessor, legislated uye rakanyatsojeka yakakura. Zvisinei, kana munhu mugari haana kuuya runoenzanirana mhiko imwe uye ndiyo chete kukwikwidza chinzvimbo ichi, hapana basa kuti kukundikana mudare, haangakuregi kutakura.

Nokuti vamwe, pursuant kuti apa mitoro vachava dzinonakidza uye vanokudzwa basa, izvo zvinounza akanaka mari mubayiro. Saka, mumwe mugari ane kodzero yokusarudza mubvunzo kuti anofanira kuita mabasa basa neHurumende, kana kuti kuramba kuurayiwa yavo.