Iyo inoverengeka "Kuuraya A Mockingbird" (Harper Lee): kuongorora. "Uraya mutsara": chidimbu, muchidimbu muchidimbu

vanhu vazhinji pamberi pako kuverenga imwe bhuku, edza kuziva zvayo wongororo siyana. "Kuti Urayai Mockingbird" - basa yakaunganidzwa guru vateereri vanhu kuverenga vanofara kwazvo Paaidzidzisa vakamusiya chaizvo, saka ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti vakawanda vari kuedza kudzidza nezvazvo zvizere.

Nhoroondo munyori

Kufanana nevamwe vakawanda, muvambi basa iri kuzivikanwa so "shasha imwe bhuku." The ndechokuti yokufungidzira "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird" Harper ndiye chete basa, asi nokuda bhuku rino, iro Pakupedzisira shanduro izere zvinenge mumitauro yose yenyika, munyori akanga paakavapa chepamusorosoro kubwinya Pulitzer Prize.

Naizvozvo Library Journal vakacherechedza basa kuti yokufungidzira zvakanakisisa zvakanyorwa America muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, uye pamusoro nguva munyori akanga paakavapa ari menduru Worusununguko zvakare - soro US rehurumende mubayiro.

kakawanda Munyori pachake akataura kubudirira basa rake. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro yokufungidzira chii "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird" kugutsikana, tsananguro iyi huru zvinetso nzanga iyoyo, uyewo chiratidzo yavo chikamu mwana, uye chero kubudirira kwebasa Harper aisatarisira. Kunyange zvakawanda: munyori anotenda kuti yokufungidzira inokundikana muruoko vatsoropodzi kuti kukurumidza "rufu." Asi aifunga kuti bhuku munhu achiri anogona kuita, uye mamwezve vachiri akaramba kunyora. Nemamwe mashoko, achinyora "Kuti Urayai Mockingbird," aitarisira kuti duku, asi pakupedzisira kuwana zvakawanda.

Chii bhuku iri pamusoro?

"Kuti Urayai Mockingbird" - mumwe yokufungidzira, yakabudiswa atova pazera kure 1960. Muvambi chidimbu ichi chinhu American nezita Harper Lee, uye ihwo ndowenyika Genre ari rokudzidzisa yokufungidzira. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti, kusiyana kwazvo dzimwe kuzivikanwa nhasi ounyanzvi, basa iri rinenge pakarepo vakaziva nenyika vemunharaunda, uye gore akazopiwa ari Pulitzer Prize.

Special kutarisirwa inofanira kubhadharwa kuti chokwadi chokuti vanhu uye nyaya pazvikanganiso pachavo zvaanorumbidza nemunyori mhuri uye yakavakidzana yake mhuri pedyo yekwake. Kazhinji, ndangariro izvi, maererano dzakawanda munyori, zvinobva 1936, apo iye aiva nemakore chete 10 okuberekwa. Kunyange zvazvo bhuku pakutanga chaizvo dzidzo, nevaverengi vemazera ose rikawira zvakanaka chaizvo wongororo. "Kuti Urayai Mockingbird" yava chikamu kwairayirwa chirongwa chechikoro US panguva zvakanyorwa akadzidza mu vanenge 80% of uwandu zvikoro American.

The nganonyorwa anozivikanwa nevakawanda nemhaka yakasiyana pfungwa zvinosetsa uye nemamwe ushamwari. Ezvinhu akadaro anoita iripo pasinei nokuti vari kuedza kuverenga zvinokurukurwa zvinhu zvakakomba akafanana rusaruraganda uye kubata chibharo. Baba narrator, ane zita Attikus Finch aripo netsika muenzaniso mumwe muverengi, uyewo rinomiririra rakasiyana muenzaniso akatendeseka gweta. Mumashoko mutsoropodzi wechipfuwo E. B. Kuzmin, Harper Lee naro rinotipa chidzidzo dzakakwirira dzevanhu uye vehurumende ushingi, nekuti Atticus, chokwadi, iri zvachose kwose uye asazivikanwa murume, asi panguva imwe chete riri avigire Meso avana vari kusangana inopisa mumwe maitiro ake uye pakupedzisira vanova chinhu kukosha.

Zvichida ndokusaka kunyange vana kusiya yokufungidzira ichi wongororo zvakanaka. "Kuti Urayai Mockingbird" anoratidza kuti mwana mumwe nomumwe ane yeruramisiro, riri chokuziva, asi nokufamba kwenguva, pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu nyika, vana vanotanga kuwana mhando dzose rusaruro, zvishoma nezvishoma zvakawanda zvokomara pamwe kunzwa ichi.

Awards uye mibayiro

Maererano Air Force shanduro 2003 gore iri chepamusoro ari pamusoro 200 yenyika mabhuku yokufungidzira ichi vakatora rechitanhatu chinzvimbo, uye pakutanga 2016 ayo zvachose kuparadzirwa yasvika makopi mamiriyoni 30. Shanduro Russian basa rinoitwa Raisoy Oblonskoy uye Noroy VaG, kuti zvinganakidze vaya vasara pasi zvakanaka simba yokufungidzira ichi, uye vakasiya izvozvo Wongororo. "Kuti Urayai Mockingbird" - nderimwe remabhuku iwayo kuti vanosungirwa kuverenga wese munhu. Pamutemo, zvisinei, maonero ichi chete inotsigira hurumende US.

ave muvambi akasika mabhii kwakavakirwa vanhu chaivo, ndizvo anozivikanwa chokwadi. Saka, zvikabva pakati Dill, shamwari vanonyanya kutaurwa, ndiye munyori wokuAmerica anonzi Truman Capote, izvo munyori aiva shamwari yake pauduku, sezvo aigara munharaunda.

Uyewo munokosha nezve ndechokuti Finch - haasi randomly kusarudzwa anonziwo, baba remadunhu- Harper vake.

mharidzo huru

Mubhuku "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird," nyaya inotenderera inoorora nyaya imwe mhuri kuti anogara mutaundi duku rainzi Mayombo, Alabama. Zvose zvinoitwa kunoitika munguva thirties remakore rapfuura, panguva Kuderera Kukuru, uye nyaya pachayo anotiudza musikana aine makore masere.

Mu "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird," nyaya inoratidza vaverengi chinopa kunzwisisa, zvakawanda uye dzinopikisana nyika, iyo anozarura maziso mwana, uye naro uyewo anoenda kuburikidza uye muverengi. In muchadenga ichi pane zvose; chinetso vakura uye vana kutya, asi shungu chokwadi uye nyota shingirira kururamisira, vakapiwa kunzwisisa kwakaita mhuri uye matambudziko kwemadzinza, zviri kukamura uchishandisa chaizvo panguva yokuti South America.

The nganonyorwa "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird" rine pakati nhoroondo yavasina murume dema, uyo kupomerwa mhosva kuti haana kuita navo. Zvisinei, baba mukuru hunhu, ndiko gweta, pashure zvose, akasarudza kumiririra jaya uye kurwa zino uye chipikiri kuti varuramisirwa. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda ndiye chisekeso.

Zviri yakadaro "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird" Musumo anogona kutsanangura nehasha huru zvipikirwa basa.

nyaya

Bhuku kunotanga nyaya tateguru mhuri Finch, ainzi Simoni. Aiva yeMethodist, uye panguva imwe chete kuedza kuitwa zvitendero muEngland, izvo pakupedzisira chikamutungamidza kuna Alabama. Pano awana upfumi hwake uye, pasinei akanga zvimwe zvitendero, akasarudza kutenga varanda shoma. Chaizvoizvo, izvi ndizvo chete pebindu, iyo anoudza muverengi kunzwisisa mavambo remhuri vanonyanya kutaurwa. Saka anotanga Harper Lee "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird." Chii bhuku iri pakutanga regai kupa mufananidzo wakakwana.

Nyaya huru kunotanga anenge makore matatu pashure yakaomesesa nguva Kuderera Kukuru uye inoitika Meykomb ndiro vemungano uye akaiswa nomunyori se "ndaneta upenyu hurefu." Maererano narrator, guta riri rehurumende Alabama.

Sezvo mukuru hunhu iri yokufungidzira rinowanika Jean Luiza Finch, uyo aiva nemakore masere uye anogara chete mumba baba vake, Atticus, uye mukoma Jim. baba vake akashanda ari gweta, uye mubhuku, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri papi somunhu dzose akanaka, akachenjera uye nomutsa murume zvakasimba tsika dzakanaka.

Jim uye Jean akangoerekana asangana mukomana anonzi Dill uyo anoshanyira mumwe zhizha Meykomb kushanyira tete vake. Zvakaratidza kuti vose vana chaizvo vakatya muvakidzani wavo nezita Radley, uye kunyange akamupa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Boo. Sam Radley ari zindoga uye kashoma kuratidzwa kuti ziso.

Adults Meykomba, pfungwa, kuedza nzira dzose kudzivisa kukurukura Scarecrow, uye kwemakore akawanda, mashomanana vakazviona asi vana vari kushingaira fadza hwomoyo mumwe nokuda akasiyana runyerekupe nezvechitarisiko chake, uyewo zvichibvira kunokonzera iye nemimba uye akaramba akazvivanza zvikuru. Zvikurukuru, ivo zvokufungidzira pamusoro nzira dzaungaita kuedza kunyengera naye pamba. Pashure maviri mazororo zhizha pamwe Dill, Jim uye Jean akaona kuti munhu anogara vasare zvipo diki mumuti, yaiva pedyo Radley imba. Saka, kanoverengeka inoshamisa murume zvinovabatsira yakajeka zviratidzo hanya, asi vana vane mwoyo kuti haana kuedza kuzviratidza pamberi pavo munhu.

Panguva ino, Atticus akasarudza kutora ari kurasikirwa bhizimisi, vachiedza munzira dzose kudzivirira kodzero Tom Robinson - black vagura nokuchengeta chibharo mukadzi wechiduku Caucasian, pasinei nokuti vanhu vakawanda havana kuomerera nezvenzvimbo rimwe gweta, uye kunyange zvakasimba kuhuramba. Vamwe vana vanogara seka mukoma uye hanzvadzi nokuda zviito baba vavo, uye Jin anoedza yokudzivirirwa chiremerera baba vake, kunyange zvazvo akamuudza kuti ichi hachisi kukodzera. Atticus pachake akasangana neboka revanhu vari kuenda pane zvose pachake Lynch Tom, asi ngozi aitarisira pashure vana vatatu kunyadziswa vazhinji, vanovamanikidza kutarisa kuramba mamiriro ezvinhu nemaonero Tom uye Atticus.

Nokuti kuti Papa haana kuda kuunza vana vavo kuna Kutongwa Tom Robinson, Dill, Jim uye Jean akasarudza kuvanda muvharanda. Atticus akati kuti Vachuchisi, ndiro Meyella uye baba vake vanonzi Bob Ewell (uyo aivawo munharaunda chidhakwa) vari kuedza kuchera nemhosva yake, uye zvinoitika kuti munhu oga Meyella akaedza vachikumbira Tom, asi pashure baba vake ukabatwa ichi, iye noutsinye achiirova. Pasinei Kuvapo zvinokosha chaizvo uchapupu nepakuchena nemhosva yake, Atticus haana kushandisa kuti vatongi vabvume, pakwakanga Jim uye Atticus mwoyo kwazvo US kururamisira, sezvo Tom mune ramangwana pedo kuti kuvavarira apo kuedza kupukunyuka.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kugumisa nyaya "To Urayai Mockingbird" - Munyori (Harper Lee) anoedza kudzosa kururamisira. Pasinei chokwadi kuti nyaya yakanga akunda, mukurumbira Bob Ewell yakaparadza zvachose, uye akasarudza kutsiva. Mumugwagwa pamusangano, iye pachena akasvipira mumwe kumeso Atticus raMwari, uye ipapo anoedza kuputsa mumba aitungamirira mutongi, kutyisidzira uyewo mudzimai Tom Robinson, aiva chirikadzi. Pashure paizvozvo akasarudza kurwisa kuzvidzivirira zvachose Jean uye Jim panguva vanoenda kumisha yavo yapera bato kuchikoro Halloween. Pakarepo mumwe anouya achitsigira vana, uye inoshamisa murume anotakura Jim pamwe rwatyoka mumba apo mukomana anoziva kuti iye akabatsira chaizvo Boo Radley chete.

Shure kwaizvozvo, mugumo "To Urayai Mockingbird." Author (Harper Lee) rinotaura kuti SHERIFF Meykomba anoona kuti Bob Ewell vakafira muhondo, uye ipapo nharo Atticus pamusoro kungwara kana Jim Radley basa. Gweta, pakupedzisira, akasarudza kubvuma shanduro SHERIFF pamusoro kuti Ewell anongoti netsaona yakawira banga rake, uye Scarecrow anokumbira Jin kuenda naye kumba kwake, uye pashure iye anoti bhayibhayi kwaari pamusuwo, chose asingaoneki nokupera. Jin ari pavharanda Radley pacharo uye kuedza kunzwisisa sei upenyu anotarira mumaonero muridzi weimba, dai vakanga vasina mukana kumuonga nokuda zvipo vakazvitsaurira.

kuongorora

Zvibereko "To Urayai Mockingbird" inoti gura saka mupfungwa uye kutakura anoreva zvakadzama, kuti kare muna 1962, kutungamirirwa Robert Mulligan akasarudza firimu racho itsva iri mufirimu yake itsva. The chikuru basa firimu akapa Gregory Peck, uye mufananidzo pakupedzisira akava kusimba kubudirira, saka kuti zvakanzi nominated kuti "Oscar" kamwe muzvikwata sere dzakasiyana. Firimu vakakunda mune mapoka matatu:

• Best Actor;
• yakanakisisa girl;
• Best Rakatorwa Screenplay.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kubvira "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird" prices vakatanga kupararira pasi pose, uye firimu zvevakomana nguva misoro yacho ratings dzakasiyana-siyana zvakanaka mafirimu yakabudiswa munhau American cinema. Kazhinji, kunyange dzimwe nyika, muenzaniso uyu anozivikanwa somunhu mumwe mukuru mabasa munhoroondo mabhaisikopo rose.

It Ndosaka kwadzakabva kuti "To Urayai Mockingbird" pachii kuona, uyewo kuverenga yokufungidzira.

Unooneiko pano?

Zvinenge ose muverengi bhuku rinopa zvirambe.

Ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti mu "To Urayai Mockingbird" tsanangudzo haigoni kubudisa musimboti basa, saka zvichida chikonzero kuriverenga munhu ave uchapupu kubva kuvanhu vakanga mate mukanwa yokufungidzira ichi. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mhinduro, isingawanzopotswi kunze, vanosara chete akanaka.

Zvisinei, vamwe vanoshandisa zvinoratidza kuti mu "To Urayai Mockingbird" shanduro remadunhu- huru hunhu haasi chaizvo zvakarurama, asi ivo pachavo kazhinji kutaura kuti izvi hazviite kunokanganisa vakawanda pfungwa uye asingauyi vakapamba maonero bhuku mushanduro Russian.

Key pfungwa

Kana isu nezvazvo huru zviri mubhuku rino, Kunoitwa vaverengi, zvinokosha kuziva mashoma:

• Pakawanda. The nganonyorwa inogona kuverenga nevana uye vakuru kuyaruka, uye vakuru kunyange kuita chero Kushivirira ndechokuti chigadzirwa pakutanga chete sezvo mabhuku chevana.
• Kusiyana. Pano isu funga kuwanda matambudziko, iri nyore chaizvo uye anonzwisisika zvinorondedzerwa muna mashoko, uye kunyange kana iwe kutarisa kuchinjwa kwavo kunogona kare kuwana rondedzero rakanaka.
• Autobiography. Mukuita kuverenga zvinova pachena kuti munyori akaisa pfungwa dzinobva pauzima. Panguva kwezvisikwa "To Urayai Mockingbird" pamusoro chii kunyora, munyori haana kufunga - waaiziva.
• Zvinotyisa nguva. Pasinei chokwadi kuti bhuku yepakutanga vana ari kunyange vakuru dzimwe nguva kuona dzimwe nguva inotyisa chaizvo kuratidza chokwadi yedu nemi. Uye rinoshanda kwete zvinotyisa pamusoro kudzvinyirirwa vechitema, uye, somuenzaniso, kuti mhepo akasikwa pachishandiswa Scarecrow - chinoshamisa murume kugara kwakakwidibira imba uye kutungamirira munhu woga upenyu.
• Education. Sezvo uyu yokufungidzira rokudzidzisa, musoro wenyaya anopiwa vainyatsotarisirwa, uye kunyange dambudziko kokumanikidza vechitema pakupedzisira anoenda kurutivi rwenzira. Atticus anomira pamberi pedu ive baba vakanaka, uye zvinoitika kuti kunyange havo kuverenga chero mabhuku ari kuyaruka zvepfungwa, kupedzisira unenge kuwana mutauro nevakawanda vane mwana, uye zvakakwana kuverenga bhuku iri, nekuti hapana munhu wokuti hwakataurwa Atticus pamusoro dzidzo yevana vavo, haagoni kunzi kururama, mano kana basa. Panguva iyoyowo, pakupedzisira, unonzwa pachako wakasununguka kubudikidza mwana, kwete vabereki.
• Rusaruraganda. Munyori unobatwa uye ichi vatevedzere nyaya iri kunyanya kuhupenyu kumaodzanyemba States of America makore iwayo.
• Herd mafungiro. Mwana anonyaradza vazhinji zviri nyore, unogovera vave maduku zvinoriumba uye kuti munhu wose kufunga kuitika.

tsananguro pfupi

Zvakarurama uye zvakanaka mubhuku, iyo kazhinji kuyeva, asi kwete nguva dzose kuedza kutenga uye kuverenga. Zvinotora muverengi pauduku uye inoratidza sei nheyo iri akaisa upenyu ose munhu, nekuti vana kutarira nyika kuburikidza meso vakuru uye kuti vafunga zvavo, kuzivisa kuchangotanga nhema uye wangoona zvakatosiyana pakati mazwi nezviito. Ndokusaka mwana anogona Musanyengerwa, uye zvinokosha zvikuru kugara pamberi pake amene.

Vanhu vazhinji vangave vakadzingiswa nemusoro webhuku rino, nokuti vane zita rakafanana nevana vakaiswa pavharo, vakawanda havana shamwari dzakanakisisa, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachitotora zvishoma. Nenzira yakanaka, basa racho rinowanzobatanidzwa mumapoka akasiyana-siyana, saka vakawanda vanowanzosangana naro uye vanoedza kuiverenga.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vamwe vanhu vakadzidza inoverengeka "Kuuraya mockingbird" zvakagadzikana, kunyange nehanzvadzi shoma yeavo vasina kuiverenga zvakadaro, asi mushure mekunge vadzidza nyaya yose, vachiri kuverenga bhuku racho kakawanda, vachiedza kuisa pfungwa dzavo pane zvimwe zvisiri nyore, nguva, Izvo zvinofanira kutsvaga pakati pemitsara.

Chii chandingadzidza kubva pane izvi?

Kutaura zvazviri, kubva mubasa iri unogona kudzidza pfungwa dzakawanda dzinobatsira pamusoro pokudzidzisa, nezvekurerwa kwevana vako, uyewo nezvemaonero enyika yakapoteredza uye kupesana kwezvinhu izvi. Mukuwedzera, pano unogona kuona hukama hwakanaka hwemhuri-hwemhuri, hunosanganisira kwete chete kubatana pakati pevana nevabereki, asiwo hukama hukuru hwehama nehanzvadzi pavanenge vakagadzirira kubvunzurana mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu, asiwo havazvipi ivo mumwechete Mukunyomba.

Ndiyo nzira yekuongorora kubva kumunhu anoverengeka muverengi angatarisa kune inoverengeka "Kaura a Mockingbird". Iri ibhuku rine chinangwa chisingaverengeki chakanga chisiri kungowedzerwa kuchikoro chepamutemo cheUnited States, asi chaigona kunge chakawedzerwa kune zvirongwa zvevamwe nyika, pasinei nokuti haisi matambudziko ose anofungidzirwa mairi anoshanda munyika yanhasi . Bhuku rinonzi "To Kill a Mockingbird" rinofanira kutaurirwa kumwana wese uye munhu mukuru, uye ndizvo zvinokurudzirwa kuverenga kwete chete kuvana, asi kune munhu wose.

Bhuku iri rinowanikwa mubhuku rezvinyorwa, pasina kuiverenga, iwe unorasikirwa chaizvo, pasinei nokuti pfungwa yebhuku rino ndeyei. Nhamba huru yezvikomborero uye kunyanya kuongororwa zvakanaka - izvi zvinongowedzera kukurudzira kuverenga kwaavo avo vachiri kukanganisa kana kuverenga inoverengeka naHarper Lee "Uuraye mockingbird." Nezvimwe bhuku, kuratidza mumashoko zvakanyanya kuoma - zviri nani kuzviverenga iwe pachako.