Zvibvumirano yeRussia uye Byzantium: neimwewo muchidimbu

In Russia yekare Aimiririrwa mutemo mutemo netsika. compilations Written rine pavo hariko. Murayiro zvakataurwa wakaiswa mitemo pamutemo. chibvumirano International pakati Machinda nemumuromo. The magwaro mutemo dzakawanda, hwakawanda huripo pakutanga zvichinzi, vaiva Russia chibvumirano Byzantium.

Rus uye Byzantium

Kusvikira pakuguma chemakore chokutanga chaipo Russia yakanga nemumuromo, mitemo mutemo wakanyorwa hariko. Wokutanga chibvumirano akanyorwa akazviratidza nokuti zvakaoma ukama Byzantine Empire, kuti mutsivi nomutemo weRoma, iyo yakataurwa nheyo nemitemo kuti vave nheyo pamutemo ukama chero yakabudirira nyika.

Pakati Russia uye Byzantium pane kwagara chamunofarira mose. Zvibvumirano yeRussia uye Byzantium vakaitwa pasinei nokuti zvavo pfungwa huru kunyorerana - rechiuto musazonetsanazve, asi ivo vanowanika uye kwakamutsa kufarira mumwe, kuremekedzana. Tinoona izvi kubva zvibvumirano, izvo vaitorwa pashure rechiuto rwisana. Pashure kuaverenga, haichaonekwi, apo akakundwa, uye apo Kumukundi. Zvaive munguva vemauto musazonetsanazve zvibvumirano pakati Rus uye Byzantium vakanga akasaina akavonga kwavari ramangwana kuvaka ukama umo kukura wezvokutengeserana uye netsika noushamwari.

Kudyidzana pfungwa mubereko kunyika maviri akatora nzvimbo kunyanya mhenderekedzo yeGungwa Black uye Crimea, apo Byzantium mudiki kundima. Russia aida napo pose kuti ari South Seas mamwe wezvokutengeserana kukura. Kakawanda nzendo rwezasi eRussia vaivapowo pakuwedzera dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Kuti noukama Bhizimisi dzinoverengeka zvinhu kunge vakazvitsaurira, akapinda makondirakiti pamwe Russia Byzantium.

Education Byzantium mamiriro

Pakupera ari IV remakore Great Roman Empire vakapedzisira kupinda kuora. Kubva kumavirira, zvakanzi kunokurumidziswa madzinza yakawanda vaGiriki kuti vachirwisa dzavo akaparadza nyika ibudirire zvikuru. Asi chichipinda weRoma Constantine muzana IV remakore achiri kutendera renyika iri kumabvazuva muumambo hwacho, akavaka guta Constantinople, yaiva pamhenderekedzo iri Bosphorus panzvimbo yeguta yechiGiriki yekare Byzantium. danho iri, Chokwadi, vakakamura umambo muzvikamu zviviri.

Rome hunotongwa vatongi vavo, asi Constantinople yakaramba chikuru guta umambo. Pakazopera V remakore, rinenge nharaunda yose Western Europe yakanga nechisimba weGermany vaGiriki. Musadzivisa navo, uye kumadokero chikamu choUmambo hweRoma. Amarudzi eGermany vomuchitsuwa akakunda uye sacked Rome. The State uye wekare budiriro kwakapera.

Namazuva zvaibiwa kwakaenderera Roma kubudikidza venyika Byzantium raiva simba kwazvo umambo, uko akarwiswa zvisingaiti, kusanganisira zvikwata machinda Russian. Pashure rwendo nerimwe kuti rakanyorwa chibvumirano pakati Rus uye Byzantium. Byzantium pakazopera Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga waiva simba umambo inokwanisa kuti torazve chikamu nyika Western hweRoma, uye mubatirire nokuti anopfuura maviri emakore. Budirira mamiriro vakabatsira pakuvaka mumaguta itsva yakanaka nhare uye temberi. Yaaizofanira kumira kwemakore anopfuura zana negumi, ichiwedzera uye kuramba nhaka huru hweRoma.

Byzantine Empire - mutsivi Rome

Ancient Byzantine mamiriro, chaizvoizvo, - tsika mugari wenhaka uye mutsivi nebudiriro of Great hweRoma - wechipiri Rome. Vazhinji vagari vemo - vaGiriki, izvo zvakaita umambo kuna chiKristu. Akaramba kukudziridza uye kubudirira. Byzantium vakabatsira pose kukura vanhu kubatsira chaizvo. Yaiva chinoziva muKristu mamiriro. Pano vakararama uye vakashanda, masayendisiti, vaimbi, vananyanduri, vazivi uye magweta.

mutemo Byzantine Roman akanga akachengetedzwa. It vakapona kwete chete, asi akaramba kutanga, uye rinoshandawo nekuhama nedzimwe nyika, uchapupu ichi Russia chibvumirano Byzantium. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nebudiriro umambo akatanga systematize uye streamline (codification) mutemo weRoma. Kureva, zvose rwezuva zvinyorwa kurudyi kunge rakadzokororwa, vakarongwa maererano zvitsauko, nhengo, ndima, nyaya. In mamiriro ichi, kodzero huripo nhasi mune zvose yakabudirira munyika.

Kungofamba Rus pamusoro Byzantium

Byzantium raibudirira. guta Western hweRoma akanga akaparadzwa venyika. Cities kuti vari chikamu Byzantine Empire, vakaramba kukura kwavo rugare. Zvakawanda ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna kutengeserana. Kuburikidza Byzantium wakakurumbira nzira kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki. Hazvishamisi kuti hurumende iri kuramba Akatsoropodzwa vaGiriki, uyo akaedza kubvuta upfumi hwacho.

Zvakanga zvisiri Kunze uye Ancient Russia, iro rutsigiro pamusoro Byzantium vaiva, pakutanga kwezvose, haisi chinangwa kubatana nyika itsva, uye anofarira yezvokutengeserana noukama uye kupfuma mutero. Panguva iyoyo Byzantium aiva pakati chiKristu, uye Russia - rudzi vaGiriki vechihedheni. Kunyange zvazvo nevarindi Russian vaiva danidziro mutero, Byzantium akaedza zvakaoma kutanga ukama waro Nordic nyika. Pashure kungofamba, vakabudirira kana kundikana, akasaina mumwe chibvumirano pakati Russia uye Byzantium.

zvibvumirano

Byzantium aiva nehanya kuRussia. Uye, kupfuura zvose, ave zvikuru dzakabudirira mamiriro inotungamirwa. Panguva iyoyowo Russia yakanga runobetsera Byzantium. Mauto Byzantine vakashumira Slavs zhinji uye kuchamhembe dzekuma Scandinavia. Vaiva varwi zvakaisvonaka: chakasimba uye kutsungirira. Byzantium aiva simba zvikuru kunyika Eastern Europe, kusanganisira Russia. On the hukama pakati penyika mbiri dzaigona kutongwa nokuda zvibvumirano akagumisa pakati pavo. Pfungwa chibvumirano chokuita mibvunzo inokosha kubatsira kuvaka tsamwa ukama.

Kuti vakapona wokutanga 5 zvibvumirano weRussia uye Byzantium. Vari akashandurwa kubva muchiGiriki kupinda Old Church mutauro kwechiSlavonic uye huri zvekare "zvakaedza zvekare Years". Ndivo zvibvumirano yeRussia rokutanga. Byzantium ane mukuru akanaka kukanganisa nedanho paumbwe mamiriro mutemo uye nhungamiro kuchamhembe muvakidzani wayo. Zvibvumirano kuonekwa anokosha prerequisites tanga manyuko pakanyorwa mutemo Russian.

chibvumirano 907

Wokutanga chibvumirano chakanyorwa pakati Rus uye Byzantium wacho wakasainwa 907. Asi haasi masayendisiti ose vanotenda zvakafanana. Dzimwe nyanzvi dziri zvokufungidzira nezvemavambo payo somunhu regadziriro gwaro. Like kana kwete, hazvina kusimbisa kana kuramba maonero mumwe zvinobvira.

Chibvumirano makore 911

Rakanga wakasainwa musi waSeptember 2 uye ndipo akabudirira zvikuru pamushandirapamwe navaranda vana Prince Oleg pamusoro Byzantium.

Chii chakaita pakuguma chibvumirano pakati Rus uye Byzantium? Chokutanga, zvakanga zvakakodzera pakagadzwa zvakanaka vavakidzani ukama uye kugadzirisa nyaya wezvokutengeserana, kutumirwa, mibvunzo kuti kakawanda inomuka vari kutaurirana pakati vanhu vanogara munyika mbiri. The Chibvumirano rinoratidza kuti muchinda akanga atuma nhume, uyo akanga vakapiwa anyanye kuvimbisa madzimambo Leon, Alexander uye Constantine Greek muna ushamwari vepachokwadi uye zvakanaka-muvakidzani. Uyezve, pfungwa dzinokosha dzigadziriswe vakanga munyaya zvakadzama, maererano hukama pakati vaviri nyika uye vanhu nokuita zvimwe zviitiko muRussia uye Byzantium.

chibvumirano 945

Prince Igor Russia akapedzisa sungano Byzantium yaro unorema kukundwa vari mugumisiro mushandirapamwe makore 945. chibvumirano ichi anenge kutevedzerwa zvose zvinhu chesungano 911 pagore. Uyezve, akanga patange zvinhu zvitsva uye yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti kwokutanga. Somuenzaniso, muna kondirakiti 911 pagore akanga patange chinhu pamusoro urongwa vatengesi Russian kuti zvaunofarira kana kushanyira Byzantium. In chibvumirano, 945 iri Akave nokuvandudza kuti chichaitwa kana vane chaiwo dzoumambo charters. The pamazita zvinobatsira kwave yekudyidzana kupfupiswa.

Sezvo kusaina chibvumirano, Russia akarayira varege kuuya kodzero dzavo zvarinoroora of Byzantine Empire muCrimea. Uyezve, Russia haabvumirwi kusiya vakavandira panguva pamuromo Dnieper River uye akarayira kuti vabatsire Byzantine Empire munguva mufambiro rehondo.

Russian-Byzantine hondo makore 970-971

Musimboti rechiuto kurwisana kwakanga kwakadai, paitonga Prince Svyatoslav, ari Byzantine-Bulgarian kurwisana kwakaitika muna 969. machinda Russian takatumwa nhume Byzantium pamwe zvikuru zvipo kunyengetedza gavhuna kuranga Bulgarian chamber Peter. Prince Svyatoslav nehondo yake vakatamira akananga Bulgaria, iyo yakahwina uye akatanga kutonga naro.

Asi zvino muchinda Russian, pamwe vokuBulgaria vakandorwa Byzantium. The hondo kusvikira 21 June 971, apo hondo yokupedzisira kwakaitika, iyo yakaguma pasina. In Constantinople akanga kudzikama, paiva kuedza kubvuta masimba. Rus hondo akaneta uye akanga arasika vazhinji vakaurayiwa. Senguva dzose, kumusoro chikamu vokuBulgaria vakatsigira nevaGiriki.

chibvumirano 971

Svyatoslav kumutongi woumambo Ioannu Tsimiskhiyu aine panyaya nokuda kwemamiriro runyararo umo kuisa mberi zvakanaka Rusich ezvinhu, kusanganisira kudzorerwa tsaru ukama Byzantium. Mambo haana kuzeza zvachose akabvuma. Chibvumirano akatsigira ose ezvinhu enyika rapfuura gwaro, uye Prince Svyatoslav akaita chivimbiso kumbobvira kundorwa Byzantium, kwete kukurudzira vamwe inoti kurirwisa uye akava mutsigiri mukuru hwacho.

chibvumirano 1046

Makore 10 gare gare, muna 981, yokuRussia muchinda Vladimir akatora Hersonissos, akaroora mwanasikana yamambo - Princess Anne uye raiva kubhabhatidzwa Rus. Russia rava yaaivimba of Byzantine Empire. Apo Emperor unobereka basa Russian muchiuto Corps, paGomo Athos Russian yemamongi ikoko. Asi muna 1043 pakati penyika mbiri zvakare anotonga kusawirirana zvakazoita kuti itsva danidziro eRussia pagungwa zvikepe Constantinople. Mututu dutu uye vanonzi "moto Greek" Byzantines kwakakonzera kufa zvomumvura bhurigedhi.

Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, muna 1044 rusichi akatora Hersonissos, muna 1046 Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich akaroora mwanasikana Constantine Monomakh uye akanga akasaina runyararo chibvumirano pakati Russia uye Byzantium.