Fed zvazvingava. Chii chichaitika Fed mwero kuwedzera?

The Federal Reserve kuUnited States anoita chero Bank of America kuumba imwe mari Mari reserves. Vanofanira kuita mabasa pamwe vatengi. Izvi zvinokosha kana, kana ruzhinji vatengi panguva imwe nguva chido dzinodzora deposits zvavo zvose. Panyaya iyi, bhengi mari nemasangano arege zvakakwana, uye ipapo, zvichida, kuchauya mumwe rwezvemabhengi dambudziko. Imhaka ichi Fed anoisa zvimwe kusvikira chitsama hunodiwa reserves, hunobata ukuru Fed kuti unodiwa.

Chii ari dhisikaundi mwero iri Federal Reserve System

Zuva nezuva, mabhengi vane kuwanda kwema, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo ari kuedza kuwedzera inzwi ravo kuwedzera purofiti zvikaramba. Dzimwe nguva vatengi kuuya pasina nyevero uye ngavabude yakawanda mari, saka kuti ufanane zvaida reserves tsika mari shoma haizorambi kutevedza mirairo yacho Federal Reserve. Saka remangwana achaita kubhangi yakawanda nematambudziko.

The chimbadzo Federal Reserve - ndiro mwero uko Central Bank of America anopa zvikwereti kuna US mabhanga. Kuburikidza zvikwereti izvi kune mari kumasangano kuwedzera huwandu reserves kuti zvinodiwa kuti Fed.

Kazhinji, mabhengi vanokweretesawo mumwe, asi kana nemabhengi hauna mukana wokubatsira "bhururu" ake, yokupedzisira rinoreva Fed. Izvi chikwereti pasi pemurairo zvakafanira kudzoka zuva raitevera. The Fed ane mafungiro kune zvikwereti akadaro. Kana vari kuzovawo kakawanda, ari Fed anekodzero sungisa zvinodiwa kuti kwairayirwa reserves.

Chii chimbadzo

Kudiwa ndicho ichi: ndiro hwaro dzemaitirwe mimwe for hurumende. Pamwe zvikwereti ava Fed - a zvikwereti yakaderera ngozi, nokuti rakapa chete chete usiku uye chete rwezvemabhengi nemasangano yakanaka chikwereti nhoroondo.

Kana isu funga misika kudanda, kuwedzera prices - ndiko kwemitengo guru musangano. Kureva kuti makambani vane migove vari nhumbi pamusoro Stock Exchange, ndiko kunaka pfungwa. Mune chimwe chisungo - inoenzanirana kuwedzera kunotungamirira tikarega mitengo.

Forex pamusika zvishoma Vaneta zvokuvapfuura pano mwero kunokanganisa prices kubva kumativi akawanda. Zvechokwadi, pane kosi kwaari muri kwema vose mari. Asi ichi ndicho chete chidimbu chiduku redunhu. Financial Rwako zvenyika kuti vane basa dzakawanda dzenyika dzaidzidziswa kwema iri mari pamusika vari kufamba guru, izvo zvinokonzerwa chido makambani kuwana kudzoka guru inivhesitimendi. Kufungisisa mamiriro ezvinhu yamarudzi ose pamisika, kusanganisira dzimba pamusika uye mitengo data, chero mamiriro kuwedzera dhisikaundi mwero ane zvose yakanaka uye inokanganisa profitability.

Vasati kuti, kuti Fed vakawedzera mwero June 29, 2006. For 2007-2008. The Federal Reserve kutura zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira apo iye haana kuuya pedyo duku ndeuke ari 0-0.25% munguva yechando 2008

Kurera Fed

Chii nokuita chiito ichi kunzi pazasi. Labor pamusika zviratidzi iri diki uye svikiro bhizimisi America nhasi vari kumusoro, uye kushaya mabasa mwero rakadzika nehafu ichienzaniswa 2009. The Fed anotenda kuti basa musika nokupora ane zvinogona mupopotedzane mitengo uye kuwedzera mubayiro, nokudaro kutsigira upfumi neHurumende.

In 2007-2009. muna US maiva dambudziko iri redzimba pamusika uye rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura. Ipapo Fed aigona kuchengeta hurumende upfumi kubva kupinda mwoyo.

Achaita nhasi upfumi US akaita ruzivo kuwedzera Fed mubereko rates? Vakaongorora pano vakaratidza zvekungofungira siyana. Vamwe vanoti Fed akakwanisa zvakanaka kuchengeta upfumi mamiriro ehurumende yerera. Zvino Fed kumutswa nechikamu 0.25 pfungwa uchava usingashandi nezvainoita US upfumi. Vamwe vanoti yakaderera chaizvo kukosha mitengo, nharo kuti nokuita saizvozvo Fed aigona tinounza kumisika pose nokusika zvinhu kuwedzera dhora kana Fed achava kumhanyirira chisarudzo.

Federal Reserve sachigaro akati kuti vakaronga kuwedzera prices kuti pachaenzaniswa. Nyanzvi munyaya ino vanodavira kuti kukura mwero achava yakaderera naivo nguva chakapfuura, iyo kwakatangwa muna 2004. The yokupedzisira mufananidzo pamusoro dhisikaundi mwero haangavi pfuura 3%.

Itai zvose agadzirira kuchinja? Mamwe makambani vakashandisa nguva pamwero yakaderera kubva kunyoresa zvikwereti kuburikidza nechisungo pamusika. Zvino vanoti havaoni paine chikonzero chokunetseka duku kukura zvazvingava, vachifungidzira kuti kumusika anokwanisa kushandisa mamiriro ayo ose. Panguva iyoyowo vakawanda masangano, chengeta chete nokuda yakaderera kufarira rates, havazokwanisi kukunda kukura kwavo, uye nokudaro ivo vachava nezvinetso pashure kuwedzera chikwereti mari.

Kunyatsofunga vanoita, ruzhinji vanamazvikokota vanoti Fed achaita pasvika kwavari ake kuita, uye vashambadzi vari pamwe vakatorwa kare kufungawo remangwana kukura nzira. Asi chikamu nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti volatility pakati kuchinja dzakakomba dzakadaro mari mutemo vachange, vakapiwa kuti nhamba yacho yaiva razero kwemakore manomwe.

Pasi Kutarira sei Fed wacho dhisikaundi mwero kunogona kuva nezvahunoita misika nyika.

The dhisikaundi zvazvingava wayo nezvainoita emari England

nezvoupfumi Most vanodavira kuti Bank of England mushure US Central Bank ndichaenda zvazvingava kwidza. History hakuchisina kuonekwa sezvo US uye UK kufarira prices vari kuchinjwa panguva imwecheteyo.

Nhasi, kuwedzera youpfumi Albion riri kugadzikana, kudiwa basa iri kumusoro. Musoro Bank of England akasimbisa kuti zvichida kukura achava pachaenzaniswa.

The dhisikaundi zvazvingava yayo nezvainoita Russia

Central Bank havazokwanisi kudzivisa akaipa zvinokonzerwa dzinosimbisa US mari uye nokusimuka mubereko prices. Izvi achaita nezvinetso akavaka-up of reserves dzakawanda yakaderera kusvika $ 365 billion uwandu zvinopfuura $ 500 billion.

Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti, Chokwadi, kukura prices zvichaita kukanganisa upfumi wehurumende yedu. Asi simba ichi hachisi sezvo simba zvichienzaniswa nemamwe zvichiitika pamisika. Somugumisiro zvirango Russian havasi zvikuru nemashoko zvoupfumi chokuita United States.

The dhisikaundi zvazvingava yayo nezvainoita Europe

Kukura mubereko prices kunogona kukanganisa upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu dzeEU, izvi zvingaita nokuwedzera variability uye unpredictability mumusika.

Musoro mukuru European Central Bank nemamwe enyika vanodavira kuti wave kwapfuura volatility ichangobva kuitwa pamisika pose achava simba inokanganisa pamusoro kuzoita reEurope upfumi.

The dhisikaundi zvazvingava yayo nezvainoita China

Achipindura mubvunzo pamusoro chii chaizoitika kudai Fed kurera rates, wokuChina vakuru vanofunga kuti vachakurumidza vanokwanisa kudzivisa zvakananga kukanganisa hurumende upfumi kubva kukura rates, uye zvakamubaya vachava vashoma.

The mwero Federal Reserve zvishoma-siyana simba pamusoro emari China. The inokanganisa emari nehurumende vane dzakawanda nguva Somuenzaniso, imwe donhwe makwikwi pakati kunze kwenyika uye overproduction.

The dhisikaundi zvazvingava yayo nezvainoita Japan

Mitengo iri riri kusvika pa razero. Naizvozvo, kana Fed aramba tightening gwara, pakupedzisira, izvozvo vacharamba musiyano chinokosha pakati US uye Japanese prices.

Mumashoko dzimwe nyanzvi, kuwedzera Fed prices achaita kuti nhaka US mari yakawanda anoyevedza. Asi pamwe kwakaderera iyi Japanese mari zvichaita kukanganisa mugove mari importers uye kuwedzera mugove mari guru exporters.

Panguva chii Danho pamusika zvino

Musimboti kutama, sezvo kuwedzera chimbadzo iri Federal Reserve, ndiko kuwana vakapoteredza kwaita mumusika "matema" kuti zvinokonzerwa anongoremberera chaizvo mari mutemo kuti Fed yakadzingana kwenguva refu.

Kuongorora mamiriro ano nani kuitisa munhu retrospective kuongorora. Pano zvakakosha kucherechedza yavaive hwenyika kuti mumatanho kuzviitira zvikuru. Zvimwe 2016 richava pakati zvoupfumi kutenderera.

Zvisinei, nyanzvi havatarisiri chero mapato pakarepo pamusoro chikamu Fed. Asi pane ngozi iri panzvimbo kunopera kana yekudyidzana zvishoma kufamba kutama, sezvo Fed kukwidza rates, izvo zvingaita kuti munhu nokukurumidza kuwedzera mitengo uye zvikuru nokukurumidza kuwedzera kiyi kufarira prices ari Fed, riri zvikuru inokanganisa pamusika wemari.

The mhedziso pamusoro nharo kuti rokurera Fed mwero kuchaita kuti chinhu, rinogona akagadzira sezvinotevera: kuti kuzivisa Fed kurera mubereko prices nani kubvisa migove mumapoka American. Kamwe prices vanotanga kumuka, unogona kumirira kumusika kururamiswa uye kuzodzosera kutenga US zvinhu.