Indian Ocean ekunze. Interesting zvinhu uye zvaidiwa Indian Ocean

Muduku uye kuti akanyanya kupisa gungwa nyika - zviri Indian. Vazhinji mvura yaro iri akaberekwa kumaodzanyemba hemisphere, uye muna North, iye chaizvoizvo anorovera kupinda kondinendi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanhu vanozviona gungwa guru, iro rakakamurwa bays zhinji. Indian Ocean Climate chinonyanya akakodzera kumahombekombe zororo. In yakakura muviri ichi remvura chinyorwa nhamba zvitsuwa dzave akasarudzwa vashanyi kubva pasi pose. Zviri Indian Ocean okunze uyewo kuti kupfuura vakagwinya uye nemamwe tichitaura kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Saka zvino isu hatingazvirumbidzi kutsauswa kubudikidza epithets, uye uwane Kutarira zvose zvinobatanidzwa ichi chinoshamisa muviri mvura.

kwadzo

Kuti muudza uye dura parameters kutibatsira jogirafi. Indian Ocean - rechitatu pakukura munyika mushure Pacific uye Atlantic. Zvinotora inenge 20 muzana mvura paNyika. nzvimbo yacho mamiriyoni 76,17 mativi makiromita, uye inzwi rinosvika 282,65 cubic makiromita. Gobvu pfungwa penyanza iri Sunda mugoronga, uye ayo udzamu ndiyo 7729 mamita. Kubva makona zvose zvenyika gungwa chokuita makondinendi: kuMadokero kuchipisa ichi Africa, iyo North - Asia, kumabvazuva nayo pamuganhu pamwe Australia, uye South inosvika nemahombekombe ane nechando Antarctica (kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti ipapo akatamira kune Southern Ocean). Izvi urongwa Indian Ocean ndiye anokonzera ayo ekunze uye dzenzvimbo, zvakawanda zvacho kudziya.

nyaya

Kusvikira Age of Kuwanika Indian Ocean chaipiwa vanhu somunhu gungwa guru, iyo anogeza pamhenderekedzo nyika. On Mahombekombe ayo vakaberekwa wokutanga nyika nebudiriro, yokutanga guta-inotaura. Mukuwedzera, zvikepe vokutanga uye zvikepe munhoroondo yevanhu akatura kupinda mvura "gungwa". Kubvira ipapo, uye kusvikira nhasi Indian Ocean okunze haina kuchinja. Sezvo yave kwemazana emakore noushamwari chaizvo uye akadzikama, muzana remakore rechi15 vakatanga vari mvura yaro, vanonzi nguva nenzvimbo matongo. Chokutanga chaiva Nokuwanda kwakaita penyanza kuongorora Vasco da Gama, Dzheyms e vakamutevera uye nevamwe vakawanda. Kudzidza nechepasi ichi guru muviri mvura, kasvisto ayo uye fauna of vakatanga chete muzana remakore rechi19. Kokutanga vanotsvakurudza vakaona kuti yomunharaunda mvura inodziya, kwete chete nokuti gungwa iri kunyanya dzinopisa. Musana ispolosovannaya zvikanganiso goko kubva erupting dhaka wakaumbwa. Saka, kudziya mhepo pamusoro penyika uye nokupisa kubva panyika goko, rinopisa zvakasimba mvura, achivaita akanakira zvomugungwa uye Beach vadiwa.

Gulfs, makungwa, zvitsuwa

Zvinokosha uye voluminous chaizvo chikamu Indian Ocean - iri gungwa yaro yakawanda. Kazhinji, anogara kusvika 15 muzana yayo mvura nzvimbo uye riri nemhenderekedzo pedyo makondinendi asiwo pakati zviwi akawanda. Zvino tichava nyora zvose mumakungwa uye bays Kutenderera. Ngatitange pamwe Red - nechokumusoro uye kupfuura wakawanda. Anoteverwa paGungwa muArabhia kana Persian Gulf, Laccadive Sea, Bay pamusoro Bengal, Andaman, Sea Timor, Sea Arafura uye Gulf Carpentaria, Great Australian Bight, gungwa Mawson, Davis, Commonwealth uye muchadenga kunoongorora. Yakadaro uwandu pedyo mvura mitumbi wakakodzera kwete chete kuenzana coastlines pamusoro makondinendi, asiwo zviwi. The guru kwavari Madagascar. Izvi zvinoteverwa Zanzibar, Sri Lanka, Philippines, ivo Andaman rezvitsuwa Socotra, Comoros, King, Seychelles, Maldives nevamwe vazhinji.

Geological mamiriro

Zviri Indian Ocean vari siyana kwenzvimbo yaro, riri pasi mumvura. On mvura yaro chikonzero vazhinji tectonic zvikanganiso, nzvimbo zhinji yeimwe ose lithospheric kwamahwendefa. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana penyanza ine zvakasiyana pasi kunokanganisa ekunze, uye ruvara rwemvura, uye nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Kune zvikamu zvitatu mugungwa, vakasiyana mumwe ari mamiriro:

• African chikamu. Pane raidudzwa pasherefu uye Continental materu. Kuburikidza pasi iri kunyanya sandara, pane chete zvikomo diki. Kubva kumhenderekedzo pane pemvura makomo yekare, mazhinji anoratidza kuburikidza pemvura iri muchimiro yakatotsakatika anoputika uye vashoma chete korari. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - Seychelles.
• Indo-Australian chikamu. In chidimbu ichi, kuti pasherefu yakamanikana chaizvo uye riri pedo mhenderekedzo Asia uye ane mawere materu. Chikamu ichi penyanza kupfuura zvakawanda, uye rinoumbwa dzakawanda neeSultan, kwakadzikira uye dzegirini inopiwa dziri pasikweya. Vamwe vavo vanoratidza kusvika pamusoro, pova Continental Island (Christmas Island).
• Antarctic chikamu. Pamwe nemahombekombe coldest kondinendi hwenyika gungwa unotemwa canyons kuburikidza iyo chokubuda mvura pevhu hova Antarctica. Pedyo pemhenderekedzo kondinendi igomba rakadzika, iro ichichinja bani guru

Climatic mapazi ose dura

Kuti vakawanda kunyatsonzwisisa nyaya iyi, tinofanira mepu yacho Indian Ocean. Pachishandiswa mashoko ayo, tinoona kuti vazhinji mvura nzvimbo iri kumaodzanyemba hemisphere. Mune North, rechitatu pakukura gungwa Falls chete munyika dzinopisa uye Sub-Equatorial bhandi. Zvadaro chinoyambuka mutsara neequator - ari Hottest mapazi ari panyika. Kumaodzanyemba hemisphere gungwa rakakamurwa Sub-Equatorial, dzinopisa, subtropical, unozvidzora uye Sub-Antarctic uye Antarctic zvikamu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, achitanga usinganyanyi dzinongoitika nzvimbo, gungwa nharaunda dzinongoita ipfupi. Izvi mvura conventionally vachinzi nemhete kufukidza Antarctica. Vose inozivikanwa inotonhora dzenzvimbo, uye kunyange nechando.

Northern dzinopisa

Tinozotanga kufunga dzinotaurwa Indian Ocean kubva ichi dzinongoitika nharaunda, riri kupfuura ashanyirwa vashanyi. Zvinonzi rakamiswa nemhenderekedzo kwePersian Gulf kusvikira kumavirira uye Andaman Sea kumabvazuva, uyewo zvose akapoteredza munzvimbo. Nzvimbo iyi iri chaiwo nzvimbo monsoon. Munguva yechando nguva, vane mwero akurumidze, saka pamusoro nharaunda dzinenge nguva dzose risina makore uye yakaoma. Muzhizha simba ravo kunowedzera, saka kuti kazhinji hapana chete mvura, asi dutu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvaidiwa Indian Ocean okunze munzvimbo ino nhema pakuti Divi rokumadokero zvikuru drier kuvat uye saltier kumabvazuva. Pano simuka zvinyorwa mukuru tembiricha (32-34 Celsius), uye naro madonhwe 500 chete mm mvura. In kumabvazuva nharaunda, nekusiyana, kazhinji nyaya mvura, kunyange munguva yechando, ndokusaka nemitumbi mizhinji mvura salinity kunoderedza.

Equatorial mapazi

Equator - huru Latitude, izvo rinopfuurira mumhenderekedzo Indian Ocean. Photos dzinowanzoshandiswa anoratidzwa siyana mabhurocha nzvimbo dzinoitwa munzvimbo ino, uye ikozvino tinoona sei. Chekutanga, munharaunda ino zvinomera zvakasvibirira chaizvo, iyo yakaumbwa nokuda hombe uwandu mvura - kusvika 4000 mm. Chechipiri, pedyo neequator ndivo chikuru Oceanic anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri kuti vanoumba ruyamuro kwayo. Kune pazvitsuwa zvacho zvakawanda yakapoteredzwa yebhuruu lagoons, - hwokufananidzira "paradhiso Tropical". Yose zvayo, kuIndian Ocean, okunze ari Equatorial mapazi kazhinji kunaya kupfuura munzvimbo dzinopisa, asi akatsiga zvikuru. Hapana yakapinza nemwaka kuchinja tembiricha uye mwando, asi monsoon zvichiri kuitika kakawanda.

wokumaodzanyemba dzinopisa

Uchifunga peculiarities of Indian Ocean, hazvibviri kuona ichi okunze mapazi. It anonzi kupfuura vagadzikana uye panguva imwe chete, yakakura. Pano zvakazadza kutengeserana mhepo, izvo yakakura muchando, dzimwe nguva kusika dutu, uye sagging muzhizha. Winter munharaunda iyi kunotora May kusvika September uye munguva pfupi iri gungwa kuenda akawanda mumakore. Pano rikawira guru yakawanda mvura - kusvika 1500 neMM, kazhinji bvungapfunga. Muzhizha (December-March), pane akaoma chaizvo. Humidity iri kutura kuna 300 neMM, mhepo dzaserera, akasara makore uye fogs. munguva yechando mhepo tembiricha iri madhigirii anenge 20 Celsius, apo muzhizha rinobuda 25.

Nepakati wokumaodzanyemba bhandi

Kuti uwane nokuongorora okunze vematunhu, isu munodazve mumwe mepu yacho Indian Ocean. Zvakakosha kuti zvakanzi wakapindwa delimitation nemvura munzvimbo. Maererano zano iri unogona kuona kuti dzinodziya mapazi ari Indian Ocean ndiye chikamu mhete kuti riri kumativi Antarctica. Pano chinobatanidza pamwe Pacific Ocean kusvika kumabvazuva Atlantic kumadokero. Munharaunda kunogona kurondwa inopinza pamwaka tembiricha kuchinja. Saka, munguva yechando nayo anosiya 10 kana 15 madhigirii pazasi zero, uye chirimo achisimuka 10-15 Celsius. nharaunda Izvi inozivikanwa zvayo pasi mumhepo kumanikidzwa, nekuti pane nguva dzose kukunda fogs uye namakore. Winter westerly mhepo kuunza madutu kuchinaya, zvichiita madutu. Muzhizha pane yakati jeka uye akadzikama.

subantarctic bhandi

Above isu kutaurwa kuti kuIndian Ocean - ndiwo akanyanya kupisa chikamu yenyika mvura mapazi ose nokusingaperi zuva uye chirimo. Pano, chero nguva yegore unogona kunakidzwa inodziya mafungu, jecha inopisa uye sunbathe ose zuva. Zvino tichakurukura sei chando kunogona Indian Ocean. Photo yayo mvura, izvo nhema pedo Antarctica, anowanzoramba nechando seascape. Pano yegore kuyangarara icebergs, mvura inotonhora rakapiwa segirazi kubva kuchena kwayo zvitema, mhepo uzere ozone. In yechando, muna Indian Ocean Sub-polar mapazi yaita chando mvura salinity pamwero achisimuka 34%. Summer kubvunda mazitombo echando, mauri wevasungwa munyu zvinoderedza kusvika 32% mumvura. munguva yechando mhepo tembiricha iri madhigirii anenge 30 pazasi zero, apo muzhizha chete inokwira kusvika 2-3 Celsius.

polar nharaunda

chikamu nhete chaizvo, zvinoshamisa uye zvisingatarisirwi kuIndian Ocean - a romumhenderekedzo yegungwa ubvise pedyo Antarctica. Yakafara zvichisiyana 50 kusvika 100 km, uye nharaunda yose ndiyo mazizaya husingaperi, kumboiswa ikavhunduka. The dzemo zvinhu ndivo Indian Ocean, chokutanga, pamberi dzakawanda icebergs. Ivo zvinonyauka chete kuwana inodziya latitudes. Nemhenderekedzo sezvo vakadaro kwete nekuda gungwa bays hatisi pano. mabhanga husingaperi chando pazasi kuIndian Ocean pamberi hofori gomba, iro uzere tsvina mvura uye Continental mazizaya itye muzhizha. Above razero tembiricha ipapo rukasafashukira nokusingaperi. Kwemvura zvachose ndisipo, sezvo kunonyanyisa mhepo pauri, uye kumanikidza ipfupi kusvika pokupedzisira.

Achiratidza

Chete kuti hatina muchidimbu mibvunzo nyaya kosi Geography, Grade 7. Indian Ocean, neruoko rumwe, nyore chaizvo kudzidza. Iduku mundima yayo, vakawanda rikawira pasi Hottest latitudes, uye nekuti mvura kunyanya inodziya. Zvikuru kuoma iri kwayo zvemaumbirwo. Masayendisiti cherechedza kuti makungwa ichi zvose zvipenyu panyika ndiye gotwe, saka kuputika pezvakaitwa kuti zvinoitika pasi marongera mvura yaro, asati agumisa. Nechikonzero chimwe chete pane zvitsuwa zvizhinji zvokuti vabuda makomo, vashoma vane korari. Vazhinji kuvaona senzvimbo huru kuzorora, asi chaizvoizvo nzvimbo imwe neimwe kwakadaro seismically kusagadzikana uye kunyange ngozi.