India muzana remakore rechi19, mepu, tsika uye upfumi munyika. Chii chakanga India muzana remakore rechi19?

India muzana remakore rechi19, kuva hofori muhutongi muduku England, vasingadi kubvuma zvakaoma uye dzinopesana basa Europeanization sezvo nokubudirira uye zvakanakira Western budiriro akaipa midzi pasi pano, sezvo, sezvinei, uye anenge ose zvikanganiso. MaIndia havana kutora zvirevo zvitsva, sezvo chaizvo anodiwa ake tsika pachake kukuru uye nzira netsika youpenyu.

kukunda

Britain vaiva hapana mhanya - makore anoda kusvika zana zvaida kuti India muzana remakore rechi19, kunyimwa zvakakwana wehurumende rusununguko. Zvisinei, England zvakaoma vakatambura Nokurasikirwa sezvo kukunda nyika inoitwa maoko sepoys - varwi Indian mubasa yeBritain.

Wokupedzisira ndokupera Punjab - hurumende vakasikwa mukuru Maharaja (Prince) Singh. Apo Maharaj mupenyu, zvikamira kwazvo, uye rufu rwake muna 1837, zviremera vakatadza kuita maoko chete simba. State Zvaparara vakava nyore chaizvo zvakatapwa kuti British. Feudal kuzvidzora kubva centralized, uye kuziva kuti India muzana remakore rechi19. Map chinoratidza pachena kuti mukuru aiva kusabatana kwenyika.

Mhinduro yaiva Colonisation ari yemuna urwo rwakatora makore maviri (1857-1859), uye ipapo recouped yakabudirira Varungu zvakazara - vanhu vakanga sezvariri vangangonyudzwa ropa. Zvakare, zvakatora anenge zana remakore rusununguko. Uyezve, India muzana remakore rechi19, mushure kudzvinyirira pamusoro yemuna vakasarudzwa nzira rugare okutambura, chiri kumboitika munhau dzemazuva ano.

Features kukunda

India mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi19, somumwe nyika, uye kuziva kukunda yeBritain. Zvisinei, zvose taifanira kuchinja, uye kuti zveupfumi upenyu munyika itsva. Sezvinongoita Normans vave Chirungu kana chiManchu - Chinese, vatsva vakava nhengo yacho Indian vanhu.

The British savakundi zvakanga zvakasiyana chaizvo zvose yapfuura vavo. Pakati pavo uye akakunda kundima yaiva nyika chaiye musiyano - sezvo tsika India muzana remakore rechi19 akasiyana tsika England, uye nzira youpenyu, tsika, tsika uye tsika.

British zvemo vakazvidza pachena, haana kupinda munyika itsva, uye haana kurega maIndia yake. Kunyange mufananidzo uri nyore varimi uye vashandi, kugadzirisa kuIndia, zvave semunhu chemhando kirasi mutongo. Hapana, chete ruvengo yakawiriranwa.

The British vakauya navo yokumadokero capitalism uye neHurumende fomu. Muchiitiko chokutanga - rusununguko nokuda kushanda rechipiri - basa zviduku feudal zvemisoro kutongwa yayo dzayaitonga yaitonga.

ugororo nyuchi

India muzana remakore rechi19 aiva nomutsa, asi mupfumi chaizvo nyika. Treasure Indian Raja kuramba tichiwana akananga muEngland. Zvazvainge - iri caloric masikirwo inoita zveupfumi muEngland.

Initial zvakananga dzayaitonga zvakapambwa vanova pamutemo: East India Company kuzokusunungura nyika kuti ganda mitero. India kubva kare mhindu nawo nyika, zvino ndiye Indian zvinhu rwendo muEurope haana, asi kubva British - Indian makaremerwa echiShinto. Somugumisiro, rose Whitehead Textile indasitiri wenyika kwasvika maturo, nyanzvi dzokugadzira kubva basa.

upfumi muIndia muzana remakore rechi19 riri kuti vanhu yakanga vava kuda kutsakatika. Zviuru nezviuru maIndia vakafa nokuziya nenzara, chii pakati thirties emutungamiriri yakashuma kuti: "The mapfupa varuki vose dzaiva dzakapararira pamapani India ..." The zvakanaka England, ayo kubudirira muzana remakore rechi19 - zvachose mugumisiro Kumanikidza vanhu India.

mukurumbira chimurenga

Nhamo vakawanda vari India muwande kwete chete kubva nokushandiswa uye mhirizhonga. Yokusaremekedza utsinye kuBritain pachinhu yomunharaunda munharaunda mhiri rakachenuruka revanhu. Paakaenda kugadzirira chisimba noutsinye vaHindu nevaMuslim pakutenda kwechiKristu, vakundi Kusagutsikana kwakanyanyisa.

Zvino ruvengo vakagamuchira kwete chete varombo Varuki, asi vakawanda veko feudal vakakwirira, iyo yekudyidzana akanga rusaruro kodzero yaitonga hurumende uye pasi kwazvo zvaibiwa kwakaenderera. Sepoys - the Indian hondo iri basa British - uyewo Akamukirawo muna May 1857, achiuraya British mapurisa uye akakunda Delhi.

Saka vakatanga yakakurumbira kumukira kuti rakazara yose North uye kwakakura chikamu Central India. Chirungu maviri chete pashure pemakore tanetseka chaizvo kuisa pasi kupanduka. Feudal India akanga asingakwanisi kubvuta kukunda kubva capitalist England. Kwanyarara nyika anotyisa: vazhinji vanhu vakatambudzwa uye vapfurwa. miti rwomugwagwa dzaiva pose pose pamatanda. Misha vakapiswa, pamwe nevagari vayo vose. Shure kwezvinhu njodzi, ukama India uye England kashoma kuti nokusingaperi kuva risina makore.

zvoupfumi

India yechipiri yezana nemipfumbamwe remakore kuva England misika uye manyuko mbishi zvinhu pamusika. Finished zvinhu aivigirwa kubva India ndiye diki zvokuti havana kukodzera nezvenyu, uye vakanga zvose zvakawanda muumbozha kupfuura zvakafanira. Asi zvakazara aivigirwa: gorosi, mupunga, donje, jute, tii, indigo. Akanga kupinza sezvo: fenicha, zvigadzirwa zvakaitwa nesirika, shinda nematehwe, peturu, girazi, machisi uye vachingove kare pasi.

The chikuru budiriro of British muIndia - the zvichiita zvakarurama. Zvikwereti kupiwa pasi draconian mubereko. Saka yava nemari kuedza kukunda nyika dzakavakidzana, dzakadai Afghanistan. It anoripira nokuda kwezvikwereti izvi, Chokwadi, varombo uye nenzara Indian vanhuwo zvavo.

British capitalists paakapiwa ari munharaunda kubudiswa mbishi zvinhu pakuvaka njanji, ari jute indasitiri iri tii yecocoa, kofi, shuga nomudonzvo, rabha.

Zvisinei, kurima akanga simba zvokuti nyika vaisagona kunyange ndisadya. Nzara uye chirwere recurred anenge pagore. Somuenzaniso, kubva 1851 kusvika 1900 mwari nzara, umo kufa munzvimbo yose hwakanyorwa 24 nguva. Mhosva ichi chete vokuBritain, ivo landlords uye moneylenders - "tsvina veTroika", sezvo akavadana vanhu.

Indian Revival

Zvisingaperi hondo uye ichitongwa kuwedzera akapotsa akauraya guru mutsika Indian: kuderera akauya mapurani, uye kupenda, zvose unyanzvi uye ounyanzvi zvose. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Chirungu vari zvachose asina kugamuchirwa uye havanzwisisi kukosha Indian tsika, saka, haina kuita kuwedzera zvayo mwero. By kutarisirwa British India (1947), vanenge makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana yevanhu yakanga kuverenga zvachose.

Zvisinei, National tsika, sezvo rwiyo "Regai tisave, kwete kuuraya." Kwakadaro kwakanga India muzana remakore rechi19. Kuuya neZvapupu Western, Indian tsika vakatanga zvikuru kuchinja. Izvi zvikurukuru zvakakanganisa chitendero.

mudzidzisi mukuru

Baba India ano, sezvo vanodana vomunyika yake, Ram Mohan Roy, mumwe akakurumbira muvandudzi uye nomukurumbira, kutanga uye wokutanga yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, akanga ari mwanakomana Brahmin. Izvi zvinoreva kuti aigona kupedza vamwe hwake "kana denga" - norugare, mufaro uye mufaro. Asi kubva zvinozipa kukurukurirana navanamwari akauya pasi pano - kudyara mbeu ruzivo uye kutarisira utachiona manzwiro, mumashoko Rabindranath Tagore.