Nzimbe, kugadzirwa kwayo uye kushandiswa

Shuga nomudonzvo - ndiko, herbaceous chirimwa mukuru zvakakwana munhu perennial mhuri ezviyo. Yakura munyika dzinopisa uye subtropical kumatunhu kuti sucrose uye mamwe shuga mukugadzira byproducts.

Description tsika

Nzimbe sechinhu sengere. Its madzinde kukura mwanda duku, muri cylindrical mu chimiro kusvika nekukwirira kusvikira nomwe metres aine Ukobvu mumwe sere masendimita. Runobva muto uye vawane shuga. The nodes neimwe hunde vari namabukira (Meso) ayo dzakwidzwa yakatanga kuva diki divi Matavi. Ivo inoshandiswa ruminant nzimbe kupararira nzira. Mbeu vari achiumbwa rokumusoro chikamu inflorescences (mu panicles). Vari ainyanya kushandiswa ruminant itsva mhando nomudonzvo, uye chete zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko - muchimiro mbeu.

Nzimbe kunoda vadanana, zvizhinji zuva uye mvura. Ndokusaka vazvinorimirwa chete munzvimbo dzine nyorovera uye inopisa. Kuti tiwane kunonyanyisa huwandu sucrose kubva madzinde (17 muzana kurema), kumorwa pakarepo pashure kumira kukura zvinomera kureba.

Production sengere kweshuga yomuropa

Nzimbe ndicho ekare kurimwa zvinomera uye chete umo shuga iri Africa, Oceania, Latin America uye Asia. MuEurope, shuga kubva shuga sengere anogadzirwa chete muPortugal uye Spain.

Shuga Kugadzirwa muRussia yakatanga rokutanga hafu X VII remakore, apo St. Petersburg yakavakwa kufekitari kugadzirwa shuga rokutanga. Zvinonzi akawana kubva kupinza mbishi sengere shuga.

Maererano netsika, uye nhasi anenge nyika dzose apo shuga nomudonzvo inokura, muitiro uye zvibereko mbishi shuga, kwete rakapedzwa chigadzirwa ari muchimiro shuga. Zvikurukuru, kuchena mbishi shuga pamusoro kunosvika 98 kubva muzana. kunze kwenyika ayo kuRussia uye dzimwe nyika dziri mbishi zvinhu iyo kare kuwana shuga.

Nokuda zvinokosha kusiyana makemikari anoumba uye marongerwo kuti chirimwa munyama muzvigadzirwa muitiro nzimbe yakasiyana chaizvo kugadzirwa kweshuga bhiti.

Nokuti shuga shamhu kubva pemashanga ayo akatema asati maruva. In navo panguva iyi kusvika 12 muzana mafuta, uye 21 muzana shuga uye kusvika 73 muzana yemvura, uyewo munyu uye proteinaceous nyaya.

Next, kucheka madzinde uye kumanikidzira pamwe neforogo simbi ndokusvinira muto kwavari. Rine inenge 0,03 muzana mapuroteni, 0.1 muzana starch, 0.22 muzana senitrogen ine zvinhu, 0.29 muzana munyu (kunyanya Organic acids), 18,36 muzana sucrose, 81 muzana yemvura uye chikamu chiduku zvinonhuwirira zvinoriumba, iyo kupa muto rinokosha kunhuwa. Nokuti kupatsanura mapuroteni kuwedzera yakatsvuka muto svezhegashenoy madota uye nenharo kusvika madhigirii 70. muvhenganiswa iri yakasvinwa, zvichiteverwa kwemvura kugadziridzwa kuti shuga crystallization.

Sucrose: Chikumbiro

Sucrose (shuga vulgare) ndiyo monoclinic Hauoneki crystals, nyore soluble mumvura. In yakawanda inowanikwa bhiti uye nomudonzvo, kubva izvo zviri neve rwokugadzira kugadzira.

Sucrose rinoshandiswa zvakananga sezvokudya chigadzirwa kana sechikamu siyana confectionery zvigadzirwa. At dzakakwirira kuwanda rinoshandiswa senzira zvisaora. Uyezve, sucrose rinoshandiswa makemikari indasitiri hwokubereka butanol, glycerol, dextran, panyaya iyi uye cucumber acid.

Uyewo sucrose rakanyatsojeka zvinokosha mbishi mashoko neindasitiri inogadzira mishonga hwokubereka gadziriro somushonga.

In mhedziso, ndinoda kuona kuti shuga nomudonzvo ndiyo huru mbishi zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa sucrose. Nezvokuvandudzika-zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu ari zvinoberekwa pose kweshuga yomuropa.