Mureza muenzaniso wezvinhu zvose

The Standard Model - a dzidziso rinomirira mharidzo ano chepakutanga muzinda mashoko pakuvaka wezvose. muenzaniso uyu inorondedzera sei nyaya achiumbwa kubva ayo zvinokosha zvinoriumba, masimba nekuita chiripo pakati yenhengo dzayo.

Musimboti vomureza muenzaniso

In ayo mamiriro, zvose zvokutanga nezvimedu (nucleons) izvo zvinosanganisira mwoyo, uyewo chero inorema nezvimedu (hadrons) panofanira kunyange zviduku wehurumende nezvimedu inonzi inokosha.

Izvi chikuru zvinhu nyaya zvava kunzi quarks. The quarks kupfuura nyore uye zvakajairika vari rakakamurwa yepamusoro (u) uchingodzikira (d). Purotoni inoumbwa mubatanidzwa quarks uud, uye Nyuturoni - udd. Charge u-quark ndiyo 2/3, ukuwo d-quark - kunaka mutariri -1/3. Kana isu ngaaverenge Verengai quark kupomera, kuti mhosva yacho hwepurotoni uye Nyuturoni vari vakawana zvachose akaenzana 1 uye 0. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mureza womuenzaniso iri zvachose zvakakwana anorondedzera chokwadi.

Kune majoko inoverengeka quarks, izvo vanoumba zvikuru zvekumwe inoramba. Saka, wechipiri vaviri kunobvumirwa enchanted (s) uye Zvinoshamisa (s) quark, uye chetatu peya - wechokwadi (t) uye akanaka (b).

Zvinenge zvose zvacho vanogona kufungidzira mureza womuenzaniso, kare rakazaruka kwacho.

Kunze quarks se "Dzinovaka" ndiwo anonzi leptons. Ivowo kuumba majoko zvitatu zvacho: imwe Erekitironi kubva Erekitironi neutrino, muon neutrino muon, rokuti tau lepton rokuti tau lepton-neutrino.

Quarks uye leptons, maererano masayendisiti, muri mukuru chivakwa zvinhu maererano hwakasikwa yazvino muenzaniso wezvinhu zvose. Ivo pamwe vachishandisa PARTICIPLE-vatakuri kuti zvinoparadzira simba pulses. Kune mhando huru ina kudyidzana kwakadai:

- simba, apo quark rakaramba mukati zvacho;

- remagetsi;

- simba, iyo inotungamirira siyana kuora;

- negiravhiti.

Strong ruvara kudyidzana Kutamiswa nezvimedu anonzi gluons vasina zvakawanda uye yemagetsi nokuchengeta. Quantum chromodynamics kudzidza kwakadai kwokukurukurirana.

The remagetsi kusakarongeka kunoitika kuburikidza kupanana vakawanda kunyimwa photons - quanta pamusoro remagetsi mwaranzi.

The simba kusakarongeka imhaka hombe Vector bosons, izvo protons inenge nguva 90 zvakawanda.

Rinokweva kusakarongeka rinopa kukurukura gravitons asina vakawanda. Zvisinei, experimentally wanikidza nezvimedu izvi vasati kubudirira.

Standard womuenzaniso anofunga mhando nhatu nekuita pakati vatatu kuratidzwa siyana chete hunhu rokutanga. Nokupesvedzera mukuru tembiricha simba, iyo anoshanda zvose, chaizvoizvo fused pamwe, zvekuti havagoni zvino kuona. Chokutanga, sezvo masayendisiti akawana, nokubatanidza renyukireya simba uye remagetsi. Somugumisiro, izvozvo anosika electroweak kukurukurirana, izvo tinogona kuchengeta mumarabhoritari ano panguva zvokutanga PARTICIPLE accelerators.

Universe dzidziso inoti kuti panguva kwayakatangira wokutanga milliseconds mushure Big Bang, musiyano pakati remagetsi uye zvenyukireya mauto akanga asipo. Yakanga chete pashure mukuderedza avhareji tembiricha wezvose kusvika 10 14 K, mhando ina nekuita vakakwanisa vakarambana uye tora munhu ano Kutarira. Panguva ino, tembiricha yaiva pamusoro chiratidzo ichi, akaita chete inokosha simba regiravhiti, simba uye electroweak mukukurukurirana.

Electroweak kusakarongeka pamwe simba renyukireya panguva anenge 10 27 K, riri haungambofari mu murabhoritari ano. Asi nesimba ava haana kunyange zvakasikwa pachayo, saka shoma kuti asimbise kana asingatsigiri dzidziso iyi haisati zvinobvira. Asi dzidziso unorondedzera dzinotsanagura mukukurukurirana kunotipa kupa zvimwe zvinhu pamusoro pezvakaitwa kuitika panguva yakaderera simba mumatunhu. Uye Zvaifungidzirwa izvi zvino yasimbiswa experimentally.

Saka, mureza muenzaniso anopa dzidziso pamusoro mamiriro zvakasikwa, nyaya rinoumbwa leptons uye quarks, uye aiita pakati nezvimedu izvi zvinotsanangurwa guru rakabatana dzidziso. Model asi zvisakakwana nokuti haibatanidzi rinokweva kudyidzana. Tiine pakuzadzisa ruzivo yesayenzi uye zvigadzirwa, muenzaniso uyu anogona vaisanganisa uye dzakabudirira, asi panguva - zviri zvakanakisisa chii masayendisiti vakakwanisa kutanga.