Liquid mhepo - hwaro kugadzirwa yakaisvonaka okisijeni

Sezvo magasi dzose akawanda anoti ane aggregation, uye rinogona liquefied, mhepo, zvinosanganisira gasi musanganiswa rinogonawo kuva mvura. Kumboda zvibereko mvura mhepo kuparadzana kwazviri yakaisvonaka okisijeni, senitrogen uye argon.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Kusvikira remakore rechi19, masayendisiti vaidavira kuti gasi ane chete mumuviri mamiriro, asi kuunza mhepo nemvura mamiriro vakadzidza pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore. Izvi zvakaitwa vachishandisa Linde muchina, chikuru zvikamu maiva compressor (injini, akapa vane pombi) uye kupisa exchanger, kuratidzwa sezvo sepombi maviri yakanyikwa imwe zononoka, mumwe rinoitwa mukati mumwe. Chechitatu chezvinonhuwira nemamiriro aiva thermos, kuenda mukati uye liquefied gasi. Machine zvikamu akafukidzwa insulating zvinhu kuitira kudzivirira kupinda kubva kunze kupisa kuti gasi. Zvayaiva pedyo nomuromo yomukati chubhu iri wakagumiswa ari kachidza.

gasi basa

Mabikirwo hwokubereka mura mhepo iri nyore. Chokutanga, gasi musanganiswa wacho anatswa guruva, mvura inoramba, uyewo carbon dioxide. Pane imwe rokuti inokosha, pasina iro ichabereka zvibereko mvura mhepo - kuvafurira. Kuburikidza compressor mhepo iri compressed kuti 200-250 ATM, apo kutonhora nemvura. Ipapo mhepo ichipfuura wokutanga kupisa exchanger, uye ipapo rakakamurwa hova maviri, ari hombe riri expander. Iri izwi rinoreva munhu pisitoni muchina, iyo inoshanda ne kuwedzera gasi. It anomuchinja zvinogona simba kupinda zvemaziso, uye gasi ari dzaserera nekuti Anoita kushanda.

Uyezve, mhepo, kugeza maviri kupisa exchanger uye pakudaro kutonhora kuerera wechipiri kuenda mberi, anobuda uye inounganidzwa ari thermos.

turboexpander

Pasinei ayo pachena nyore, kushandisa expander hazvibviri pamusoro muindasitiri akamboona. Yaunganidzwa throttling gasi kuburikidza dzakaonda chubhu zvinodhura zvikuru, hazvina kukwana zvinobudirira kuwana uye simba pakuzadza uye saka risingadiwi indasitiri. Pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore waiva mubvunzo kuti kurerutsa kugadzirwa yenguruve simbi, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi zvakanzi aronga kuti vachiridza kubva mumhepo refu okisijeni kugutsikana. Saka paiva mubvunzo pamusoro zvebhizimisi kugadzirwa okupedzisira.

The pisitoni expander akakurumidza tsinga nemvura chando, saka mhepo zvinokosha kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo pakaoma, izvo zvinoita kuti muitiro zvikuru kwakatooma uye zvinodhura. Akabatsirwa kupedza dambudziko kukura Turbo expander inoshandiswa panzvimbo pisitoni turbine. Gare gare Turbo expanders zvave panguva kugadzirira uye mamwe magasi.

kunyoresa

mhepo Liquid yoga haina kushandiswa, ichi zvenguva chigadzirwa kuwana wakachena magasi.

voga zvinoumba musimboti anobva musiyano kubika zvinoumba pamusoro musanganiswa: okisijeni mamota pa -183 °, uye senitrogen pa -196 °. mvura mhepo tembiricha iri pazasi madhigirii mazana maviri, uye muchidziisa nayo, zvinokwanisika kuti vabereke kuparadzana.

Kana mvura inotanga zvishoma nezvishoma sasana mhepo, senitrogen runopwa kutanga, uye pashure yava Ipwa huru chikamu, pane imwe tembiricha kuti -183 ° kufashaira oxygen. Chokwadi ndechokuti kunyange senitrogen unorambira musanganiswa hachigoni kuramba kudziyisa, kunyange paaishandisa wokuwedzera hita, asi rekukwazisa akawanda senitrogen kuchaita sasana, musanganiswa akabva asvika achibika tembiricha inotevera chikamu musanganiswa, i.e. okisijeni.

yokuzvinatsa

Zvisinei nenzira iyi hazvibviri kuwana wakachena okisijeni uye senitrogen mune rimwe kutoshanda. Mhepo iri mvura ezvinhu wokutanga DISTILLATION danho rine vanenge 78% senitrogen uye 21% okisijeni, zvisinei, achigura kwacho uye vashoma nemvura senitrogen anoramba ari kupfuura pamwe zvichaita sasana uye oxygen. Kana senitrogen wevasungwa mu mvura anodonhedza kusvika 50%, yakachena tigutsikane ari mhute ichiwedzerwa 20%. Naizvozvo Ipwa gasi yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa kamwe zvakare uye pasi DISTILLATION kechipiri. Kunokonzera distillations, kuti kujeka uchava zvichiguma zvigadzirwa.

In indasitiri

Kusimuka kwemvura uye condensation - rinopikisa pezvakaitwa maviri. Wokutanga Urume anofanira kupedza kupisa, uye panguva yechipiri - kupisa vachasunungurwa. Kana pasina kupisa kurasikirwa, kupisa vakasunungurwa uye kunyura panguva izvi uyewo. Nokudaro bhuku iri yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa okisijeni iri substantially akaenzana Vhoriyamu Ipwa senitrogen. Izvi zvinonzi DISTILLATION. A musanganiswa pakati magasi maviri kuumbwa nokuda kwemvura emura mhepo zvakare ichipfuura nayo, uye vamwe okisijeni zvinoenda condensate, zvichiita kupisa, nokudaro kuti ipfungaire zvimwe senitrogen. The kwacho inodzokororwa imwe muzvizhinji kakawanda.

Industrial kugadzirira senitrogen uye okisijeni rinowanikwa mune dzinonzi rectification pembiru.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Pamusoro neVadzidzi mura okisijeni yakawanda zvinhu kuva haungatani kuputsika. Uyezve, mvura okisijeni - simba oxidant Zvisinei, kurova nayo, makemikari zvinhu nokupisa, anosunungura zvikuru kupisa. Kana impregnating mura okisijeni vamwe izvi zvinhu kuva chin'a putika ehupfumi. maitiro Izvi maitire zvigadzirwa mafuta, anosanganisira kwakajairika Asphalt.