Hero yeSoviet Union Maria Ivanovna

Hondo Yenyika Yakakura Yakasara yakasara mazita akawanda evakuru veSoviet. Mumwe wavo ndeyeMupata waMaria Ivanovna. Akapiwa zita rinonzi Hero of the Soviet Union uye akapiwa Mutemo waLenin uye Red Banner.

Makore okutanga

Maria Ivanovna akaberekwa musi waDecember 18, 1922 muShrovka, musha muAmsk Region. Vabereki vake vakanga vari varimi vekuSiberia vese uye veUkrainian kubva. Baba vomusikana vakarwisana muHondo Yenyika uye vakarasika makumbo ake ipapo.

Pamusana pokushaya simba kwomunhu anopa zvokudya, mhuri yakatamira kuZaporozhye region, uko musikana akapedza kudzidza kuchikoro chesekondari masere. Mwana wacho aigara achikwezva nemapurisa. Muna 1939, musikana akapedza kudzidza kubva kuKherson Aviation School. Kuti aende ikoko, Maria Ivanovna Dolina akawedzera kwaari makore maviri, kuitira kuti mumagwaro ese ehurumende gore raakaberekerwa raive rakarongedzwa sa1920th. Vazhinji vevanhu vakararama panguva imwe chete vakaenda kune dzimwe nzira, kunyanya apo hondo yakatanga, uye vashandi vehondo vakanga vasina nguva yekuwana munhu wose aida kuva mberi.

Mune Red Army

Kusiyana nehondo dzakawanda dzehondo dzakasvikirwa neuto chete nekuda kwekurwiswa kwe Wehrmacht, Maria Ivanovna akawana unyanzvi hwose hwemhizha hunokosha muhutano. Mushure mekunge apedza chikoro chechikoro chebhazi muKherson, akatanga kushanda semudzidzisi wevatyairi muOsoaviakhim. Aigara muDnepropetrovsk naNikolaev.

Apo hondo yakatanga muna 1941, Maria Ivanovna Valley yakakurumidza kuiswa mumapoka eRed Army semuongorori anokosha. Kutanga, musikana akarwisana mu 587th Bomber Aviation Regiment. Mhare yake yekurwa yakanga iri "Pe-2". Yakanga iri bhobheri yemvura, yakagadzirwa paKazan Aviation Plant.

Pamuganhu weGreat Patriotic War

Hondo yokutanga yakagadzirwa nemutevedzeri ari pedyo neStalingrad, uko kuguma kwehondo yose yakasarudzwa zvikuru. Gare gare, Maria Dolina aigara achiendeswa kubva mberi kuenda mberi. Akarwa mudenga reKuban, North Caucasus neKursk. Pamugumo wokupedzisira wehondo, mutyairi wenyika akabatanidzwa mukusunungurwa kweByelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic uye neBaltic states.

Mumaoko eunyanzvi e "Pe-2" yakava chimbo chinouraya chakatungamirirwa nevavengi veGermany. Uye Maria Ivanovna Dolina, zvirokwazvo, aiva nyanzvi chaiye, kunyange pasinei nezera rake duku. Munenge mutezo wose wekubuda wakaguma mukurasikirwa mumusasa wevavengi. Mune "Pe-2" Maria Dolina akanga asiri muchengeti ane simba-Galina Dzhunkovskaya.

Mukati re 125th Aviation Regiment

Muna 1943, Maria Dolina akagamuchira musarudzo itsva. Akava Mutevedzeri mukuru mu 125th Guards Women's Bomber Aviation Regiment. Panguva imwecheteyo, izvi zvakagadzirwa nemauto zvakagamuchira zita romumwe mutambi akakurumbira weSoviet, Marina Raskova, uyo akaurayiwa pedyo neSaratov panguva yekutiza kuenda mberi.

Vatyairi vehurumende, uko Maria Dolina vakashumira, vakaparadza zvombo zvevavengi, simba rekuchengetedza uye zvidziviriro pamabhandi eRwizi rwaVolga, umo muna 1943 kuchinja kwakaitika mukati meGreat Patriotic War. "Pe-2" yakapa hurumende yeSoviet panguva yakakurumbira yeHondo yeKursk.

Kurwisa pamusoro peCrimean

Munenge mutevedzeri wega wega weGreat Patriotic War aive nehondo, iyo yakava yakazova yekupedzisira. Paiva nemhosva yakadai uye Valley yaMaria Ivanovna. Mutyairi wacho akatumirwa kuparadza matanho akawanda pedyo neguta reKuban rinonzi Crimean. Mune denga pamusoro penzvimbo iyi musi waJune 2, 1943, "Pawn" yake yakawana kukuvadza kwakanyanya - chidimbu chema anti-aircraft missile chakarova rimwe remajini.

Maria Valley akatungamira kuruboshwe rwechikwata. Panguva iyo pakanga yatova pedyo, injini yemotokari yakatanga kushanda mukati-kati. Ndege yakatanga kurasikirwa nayo. Vashandi veMupata vakazorora mushure mekambani huru, umo maakaita basa rehondo. Asi kunyange nemamiriro aya emotokari, varwi vakaramba vachirwisana. Nzvimbo dzepanyika dzakaputirwa bhomba, uye chinangwa chakaiswa nemurairo chakazadzika. Panzira yekudzokera, "Pe-2" yakauya pasi pemoto mutsva wevarwi vakawanda veGermany.

Mukurwisana kwemuchina wemagetsi pa "Pe-2" makadhiji akabuda. Mupata mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akasarudza kuderera. Muchigaro ichi, akabatwa nemumwe we Messers. Ndege yacho yaiswedera pedyo, kuitira kuti mutyairi wacho aone chiso chemuvengi weGermany. Achishandisa chiteshi chechifambiso, akabata Chigwa chekutanga, uyezve neminwe miviri. Mukadzi uyu haana kunzwisisa zvinorehwa neshoko. Ndizvo chete izvo zvakatsanangurirwa kwaari kuti muGermany mutyairi wekutsvaga akabvunza nomutsa kuti vangani vanogogodza kugona motokari yake. Asi zvose zvakakwanisa. Mune chikwata chinotyisa, vashandi veMupata vakatora muvengi "Ini-109" uye FW-190.

Zvisinei, muSoviet "Pe" moto wakatanga. Mupata wacho hauna kupofumadzwa nemoto bedzi nokuti Galina Dzhunkovskaya munguva yaakaisa magirazi ake (maoko omutevedzeri aigara akabatikana). Maria anoshamisa nekudyara ndege yacho makiromita maviri kubva mberi. Pakarepo vashandi vakabva vabva mumotokari, yakaputika.

MuBelarus

Pamwe chete, Maria Ivanovna Valley akapedza maitiro 72 muhondo. Apo Soviet Army yakasunungura Belarus, mutyairi wacho akacherechedza maitiro mashomanana akajeka uye akabudirira mumhepo. Somuenzaniso, musi waJuly 26, 1944, yakaparadza chikamu chakakosha chechifambisi pedyo neOrsha, iyo maGermany akashandisa kutakura zvigadzirwa.

Zvitima zvakawanda zvine zvombo uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaputirwa naMaria Ivanovna Dolina. Mufananidzo wejaya wechidiki mutyairi wekutanga wakatanga kupinda mumapepanhau eSoviet mushure uye mberi. Nhamba dzake dzekushinga dzakaratidzwa munyika yose semuenzaniso wekushinga uye unyanzvi.

Munguva yehondo pamusoro peBelarusian Borisov, vashandi veMupata vakakanda pennant netsamba. Mune shoko iro mutyairi wekukumbira akakurudzira vashandi kuti vadzose zvakare guta ravo rekuzvarwa. Apo mumakore gumi nemashanu vagari veBorisov vakapemberera zuva rekubudiswa kwake, vatapi venhau vemo vakayeuka pennant yakadonha. Vaifanira kushanda zvakaoma kuwana Maria Dolina, uyo panguva iyoyo aigara muBaltic States. Vashandi vepepanhau reBelarusian vakaita nhaurirano dzinoverengeka nemutyairi akakurumbira. Iyi hurukuro dzakanyorwa yakagadzirisa gare gare nheyo dzezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zveMaria Dolina.

Mushure mehondo

Mushure mokukundwa kweGermany munaAugust 1945, Valley yakagamuchira zita rakakodzera reHerry of the Soviet Union. Mukadzi wacho akasarudza kugara muMweya. Kusvikira muna 1950, akanga ari Purezidhendi wemumwe webhomeri aviation Soviet regiments. Mumakore makumi mana nemasere akaenda kunzvimbo yakachengetwa.

Munguva inotevera, shanda muCPSU yakava nzira yakasarudzwa naMaria Ivanovna's Valley. Hondo yeSoviet Union yaigara muLithuania guta reSiauliai, kwaakapedza chikoro chepati. Muma60s, uyo aimbova mutyairi aishanda mumasangano eLatvia yeCPSU uye aigara muRiga. Akasarudzwa kuCentral Central Committee yeCommunist Party.

Kubvira muna 1983, Maria Dolina akararama muKiev. Mushure mekuparadzwa kweSoviet Union vakagamuchira chizvarwa cheUkrainian. Akafira muKievn on March 3, 2010 pazera remakore 87. Nzvimbo yekuvigwa kwechifambiso chekuzivikanwa ndiyo yaiva nzvimbo yeChekovo yemakuva.