Hondo Borodino

Hondo Borodino kunoratidzwa kare somunhu anotyisa uye ropa hondo. Muhondo wehondo maviri rinopikisa unga nyika - Russia uye France. Uto Russian ipapo akarayira Mikhail Kutuzov, hondo French rakanga pasi murayiro Napoleon Bonaparte.

Hondo Borodino muna 1812 raiva kusarudza zvokuita. Hondo huru akatora chikamu kumativi maviri sezvakarayirwa vanhu 300 zviuru, uye akashandisa vanenge 1,200 pfuti.

Zvakatanga hondo Borodino, 110? Km kumavirira Moscow. Zuro mumusha Shevardino Russian chains-garde yakanonoka kusimudzirwa mauto French. Saka, huru mauto kweuto Russian vakakwanisa kuwana midzi mumunda Borodino. Napoleon yakatanga kudenhwa mambakwedza 25 August.

Hondo Borodino 1812 dzakasiyana ropa uye kuvava. Gare gare, Napoleon akataura naye sezvo chakaipa kupfuura zvose hondo kuti nokusingaperi akapa.

Russian Uto Nokurasikirwa vakasvika vanopfuura zviuru 44 French - 58 zviuru vanhu. Maererano kuchinja vanofungidzira ose awa muhondo kuuraya vanenge 2,500 vanhu.

Kutuzov, achiziva vashoma, kwaiva kuwana kupfuura akasununguka munzira kuenda Mozhaisk Tsarevo-Zaymische chinzvimbo. Forward Pachine noruzivo vakuru vakatumwa. August 22 Kutuzov akanga anobatanidzwa munyaya rokuongorora zvinzvimbo uye akarayira pamusoro wayo kusimbiswa.

Yasarudzwa nzvimbo aizodzivirira zvose chikuru nzira, izvo zvakaita kuti Moscow yacho. Pachiuno yokunzvenga zvakanga zvisingaiti: kodzero yakanga kufukidzwa Moscow River, kuruboshwe - yomudondo bhandi. Kunyepa mberi nzvimbo yakanaka chaizvo maonero uye akapa mukana kutanga kutokonora kana zvakakodzera. Sezvineiwo raimuvhiringidza chete anofambisa vehondo French pamberi kuhova rwizi mberi.

Borodino nzvimbo iri chaizvo shoma mukuru French. Napoleon angadai zvakadzama kumativi yose pamberi, asi izvi zvaizokonzera kunyanyisa ndichisveerera uye kwakaderera mauto.

Saka, hondo Borodino kwakaitika pamusoro vanoshorwa nomunzvimbo dzine uto French. Napoleon akamanikidzwa kubvuma kurwa musi Kutuzov ezvinhu.

Yakakurumbira Hondo Borodino akatanga musi August 26 panguva nhanhatu mangwanani kushamisika yokurwiswa General Delzona. Anenge panguva, French akuvadzwa chikuru kurwadzisa Bagration (Semenov) flushes, chinhu yepamusoro atirari masvingo rose kuzvidzivirira maitiro ari parutivi kuruboshwe. Kurwa anotyisa kwazvo, zvainge kusvikira masikati mune mirayiridzo iyi. Mukuedza kukanda mudzivisi, Russian vatasvi vemabhiza, vaifamba uye atirari unonyangadzwa nokurwisa akawanda. Tora murayiro pachinzvimbo wakakuvadzwa Bagration, Konovnitsyn, dzinoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, vabude flushes uye kuenda Semenov goronga.

Munguva yemasikati, munhu akagarwa kuputsa kudzivirira kuruboshwe parutivi weuto Russian, Napoleon vanorasira kurwisa vamabhiza Corps Nansouty uye Latour-Maubourg. Panguva iyoyowo, Kutuzov akarayira kutora murayiro rworuboshwe parutivi pakati refutenendi General Dokhturov, uyo aikwanisa nounyanzvi uye nguva kuronga mupomerwi Semenovskoe dzakakwirira.

Pasinei zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti dzimwe nguva French nechisimba musha Semenov, ndiputse akasiya parutivi pavo.

Mangwanani, muzinda nzvimbo (the bhatiri Rajewski) mauto Russian akashoropodzwa kaviri, asi vose kurwisa vakanga unonyangadzwa. Zvisinei, nokuda masikati pano kuruboshwe payo pave tya zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu zvakare. Kutuzov akapa kuti kuparadzanisa zvikamu vehondo akavhiringidza rworuboshwe parutivi rechiFrench. zvisingakuvadzi iri kwete chete kukuvhiringidza chikamu mauto Napoleon, asiwo akapa breather kune masoja Russian.

Masikati, ari bhatiri Rajewski akashoropodzwa zvakare. Horse Caulaincourt, akarova centre kukwirira, akamutora.

Kurwa mberi kusvikira manheru. Panoperera hondo akasiyanisa atirari weHondo Russian. Iye akaita "runyararo" rechiFrench. Vose hondo pakazopera zuva akaramba muhondo.