Khanate - imwe mhando nehurumende. Kumusoro dzidzo yakadaro vanofanira Hagan, kana pane imwe kududzirwa rokuti ichi, "kuti Khan pakati khans." Izwi yakatanga kutaurwa maererano yekare Mongolian rudzi Xianbi muArabhu.
Pakutanga kubva China
Muzana III remakore BC kubva mubatanidzwa yekare inonzi "Dungu", yakaumbwa munenge 1100 BC, izvozvo anosarudza rimwe marudzi. New kushamwaridzana kwemakore mazana matatu akadanwa dzakasiyana, uye muna 330 vakauya rouran khaganate. mamiriro ichi, vakaumba rudzi Xianbi, kusvikira makore 555. Muna 402, mubati madzinza Zsuzsanna chokutanga vakatanga kudana iye Kagan, saka zvinhu itsva wenyaya mutongi mukuru. Maererano neimwe shanduro kare, zita worudzi pasi naye yokusaremekedza remadunhu- rakapiwa kwavari Chinese. Zsuzsanna - zvishoma nezvishoma kukambaira kana zvinokambaira. Hazvishamisi kuti vanhu ava vaida kuva yakazvimirira. Muchiitiko chino, Khanate - sungano rwamarudzi Zsuzsanna, uyo aiva mubatanidzwa.
simba mamiriro
Uye panguva pakutanga VI remakore kubva dzidzo ichi, uyewo, akatsaura rudzi, aida kuva yakazvimirira. Naivowo akaumba Avar Khanate, izvo ariko 823 kusvika 562 makore. Nharaunda vemazuva Slovakia uye Croatia, Romania uye Hungary, Serbia uye Ukraine vakasvika munzvimbo mamiriro yakavakirwa Hagan Bojan I. Asi muna 555 ari vaAvar vaizivikanwa se vokuTurkey vakatambudza anongofamba vanhu kumanikidzwa kusiya steppes kumadokero Kazakhstan uye kutamira kure kumahombekombe Volga. Uye mumakore 565-566, vakagumisa rwokumusoro Carpathians, ivo captivate mambo vaFrank Sigebert I, akundwe hondo yake. Vomunguva vakanga saka vanoshamisika ne chokwadi ichi, kuti vaAvar anonzi chipo mashiripiti. Panguva yacho ichatonga zvine mbiri Avar Khanate akatambanudzira kubva Sea Black kusvikira Adriatic uye Alps kuna Elbe. simba vaAvar kwakadaro zvasvika kuonga vakachenjera uye zvakaoma utongi matarenda mutungamiri Boyan I, uyo akatonga nyika kubva inception kwayo muna 562 kusvikira parufu rwake muna 602. The manomano uye kutsoropodza mutungamiri, pasina kumbozengurira, akachinja vatsigiri, nokuparadza vanhu yose kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa zvavo, uye somugumisiro akaita kunyange Byzantine mambo kwaTibheriasi II kubhadhara mutero kwaari. Khanate - yakaoma udzvinyiriri, uye Hagan - zviri naChangamire Ages anongofamba akanyatsorongwa, uyo, pasina kurambidzwa ndezvevanhu zvachose simba rose.
Kuwa colossus
Kudzidza nhoroondo dzekare, pane nguva dzose mashoma maonero chete nyaya. Saka, tsaona anonzi akasiyana madzinza: a mongolojazychnym, kuti Omani-lingual, kuti Zimbabwe Turk. Vamiririri chikoro matongo muHungary, uyo mundima Avar Khanate, chikamu hombe vaAvar kuna Europeoids uye chete chiduku stratum - kuna Mongoloid. Asi vashoma ichi vokuparidzira akabatanidzwa hune basa, aiva vapfumi Avar mamiriro. Zvinogona vaifungidzira kuti vamiririri mutongo vepamusoro haana nezvairehwa pamwe akakunda ndudzi. Ndanyura kukundwa pakati vaAvar rokutanga vakagamuchira pana Constantinople muna 626. Pakarepo kubva Khanate akava madzinza akaparadzaniswa nomumwe - wekutanga akamhanya Kutrigurs ano vokuBulgaria. Muna 631, Khan Alcek, mutongi yemberi Bulgaria Great kusada Kaganate mauto ake mushure akatadza kuedza kubata simba. Next vaAvar chete tidzivirire mumusiye. From kuDharimatiya vokuCroatia bvikinyidza navo mugore 640. Dobila Khanate Franco-Avar War, iyo yakatora nguva refu. Zvishoma nezvishoma akamuka varanda marudzi ose. Pakupedzisira, kuti vakasarudzwa nharaunda Pannonia vaAvar pedyo vaFrank, dzinotungamirirwa zvakatoitika vakabhabhatidzwa Hagan muna 899 gore akabatwa Hungarians. VaAvar vakaguma chose kuvapo. Akanyangarika kamwe simba mamiriro, iyo yaigara 3.5 emakore.
Polity Kaganates simba kupfuura
The mubvunzo unomuka, chii Khanate, sei akunoita, nei anonyangarika, kazhinji pasina. Zvinofadza Hagan - murume, uyo aiva simba vakazoroorwa neMhedziso, dzinosarudzwa nekereke yenyika. The Khazar Khaganate uye Aavrskom mutongi akanga Viceroy tudun tipiwe supervisory, sangano uye nedzenyu mashandiro, uye yugur, izvo zvichida aiva muprista mukuru. Tribute akaunganidza vakuru - Tarkhans. Uye shure kwavo, vari vakuru, kwemadzinza vaiva vakuru, iyo akaita basa rinokosha mune nemamiriro nyika. Vakanga akabvisa uye vanhu vavo kubva Khanate. Pamwe ndosaka, uye anyangarika pamberi Pasi ndiwo mamiriro akanga multi-kwemadzinza.
Another Turkish mamiriro
Turgesh yakatora nguva refu zvikuru - kubva pakutanga kusvika pakati VIII remakore. Pakutanga kwezana remakore mutungamiri Turgeshes Ushlik pakaparadzwa Chinese gavhuna uye aida kuti ateterere Hagan China. Akaita guta rake guru Suyab, yakanga bheji ake. Ndima All idzva Kaganate zvaisanganisira 20 nzvimbo zviumbu, chimwe nechimwe riri 7 zviuru. Vakanga iri dzine Chinese enyika uye akatambanudza kubva Beshbaliq kuna Tashkent. Mugore 705 nokuda mungozi kubatwa kubudikidza navaArabhu munyika kaganat kubatana China, uye anokamura muArabhia mauto. Zvinotevera vatongi - Corey, Zheng, Great Suluk, pasi iro kusvika pamusoro-soro Khanate, akatungamirira zvinobudirira hondo pamwe navaArabhu, uye pamwe China. Asi pashure kupondwa Suluk simba vakatanga chinyararire pamaoko vatsivi vake, vaiva Kutsha uye Baga-Tarhan, Bilge uye Tengri-Ilmysh - wokupedzisira Hagan, ane rufu turgesh havasisipo. Paiva mari of State pamwe Sogdian akanyorwa, yakagadzirwa pasi vatongi izvi.
New pamusoro nzvimbo akare
Zvishoma kwenguva aripo Eastern Tyurkskiy Kaganat. The guru raiva guta Balik-Orda. Nhoroondo iyi anongofamba mamiriro rakatanga muna 603, pashure pokuwa Turkic khanate kupinda Western uye Eastern nhengo. Kwemakore matatu, rekuUnited East Khanate, waiva muganhu zvinowanzovapo China, vakatorwawo pamwe chete naye inobudirira hondo zvikuru, asi muna 630, nyika yakanga zvakare nechisimba Turkic umambo. Makore 50 gare gare Akamukirawo Kok-vokuTurkey, izvo kwakaguma yakadzorerwa East khanate pasi zita idzva - Kok-Zimbabwe Turk. Uye zvakare, mauto ake vakarwisa uto pedyo China - mugore 686 pana Xinzhou, 694 - pedyo Linchzhou. Second Qapagan Mochur Hagan, uyo akatonga kubva 693 kusvika 716 makore, vakabudirira yakarwisa China mugore 698 uye vakakunda wavarindi mauto. Muteverei 6 Vatongi kubudirira kwakadaro hakuna kubudirira. Uye pakupedzisira, Kulun-bek, Khanate muna 745 mauto, mauto vakakundwa Uighur Khan Wash-Chura. Kok-Tyurkskiy Kaganat nharaunda mamiriyoni 4 mativi makiromita, kuumbwa 682, vakaguma kuvapo.
New dzidzo simba
Karluk Khanate, izvo akasimuka makore 11 pashure pokuwa Kok-Zimbabwe Turk - uyewo Turkic mamiriro, uye waivapo kuti 940 kusvika 756 makore. The nzvimbo inogarwa navo, nzvimbo yaisanganisira pakati ISSYK-Cool uye Balkhash kubva svikiro Ishe Daria kuna Dzhungarskiy Vangararai. Kureva ari kuwanda Kazakhstan ano. Karluk Khanate nemidzi hwakabuda kumadokero chikamu Zvaparara kamwe (muna 603) kubva Turkic inoti. Nepo imwe nguva pasi simba kwomudzimu China, pakutanga pamusoro VIII remakore Karluk (vagari nharaunda idzi) kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma kutama kusvikira kumavirira. About kuzvizivisa kubva V remakore. Paro multibreeding munharaunda - mu sezvamunoita yavo akabatana VII remakore, madzinza akadai Bulak, chigil uye Tashlyk. On nzira inotevera mapoka kuwana remangwana hwakasimba Kaganate idzva yakahwina kukunda zvikuru zvinoverengeka. Saka, vakabatsira navaArabhu muna 751 takunda muna Talas, kana Atlahskoy (Talas pomupata Atlah guta), hondo kuzorwa China (Tang imba). Ivo vakarwa uye Eastern Turkic Khaganate. Asi simba Karluk, uyo aiziva kupota, haana kugara kwenguva refu. Akanga zvakare kunyura neimwe dzidzo Turkic - Eastern Turkestan, kupambwa 940, guta guru Karluk Khanate Balasgun. Zvisinei, chikamu vemo kutiza mhiri korwizi Kana, kureba iri Nzizi Seven, apo ivo ndakasika ezvinhu matsva rinonzi Karluk Khanate. Rakazova muzinda guta Kaylaka.
The inosuruvarisa dambudziko
Musi mubvunzo zvinotaura Khanate, mhinduro ndechokuti setsikawo asiatic chehurumende. Hapana Europe kana America kumbova idzodzo zvakadaro. In Asia, paiva chaizvo zvizhinji - paiva wokuRussia Khanate muna Lower Don. Iye, zvakare, vakaguma kuvapo pakati pezana IX remakore. Nhoroondo inoratidza zvikuru rombo rakaipa chehurumende - kaganats zvose zvakaparadzwa, uye vanhu vazhinji akanyangarika pasina aitodada kana ichiputswa pakati mamwe madzinza, dzakadai Khazars, uye vaAvar. Asi zvinorehwa Turkic inoti rakaoma kuona. Nokuda muchiuto nokuwedzera East tsika yakanga rakapfumiswa kubudikidza nebudiriro yekare dzomunyika Mediterranean. madzinza akawanda kubva China uye kusvika Western Europe, mumugwagwa wakafananidzwa nevapenyu dzezvimwe avanhu ava.