High Ages: unyanzvi uye tsika nemagariro

High Middle Ages - mumwe pakutsanangura nguva munhoroondo yevanhu. Mumazuva iwayo yebudiriro ano mangwanani uye rima rakaumbwa. Ivo akanyangarika nheyo vekare uye vakaonekwa itsva. Sezvineiwo kwakawedzera vanhu. Paiva kukuru kwetsika. Madzinza vakabatana munyika, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva kusika munhu ano nyika yokuEurope. Medieval makanaka ichiri nyaya kutsvakurudza Vanyori.

munhau

High Middle Ages yakatanga guru-pamwero achawana. The mamiriro enyika yekare yakanyura kupinda yokukanganwa, uye boka idzva panzvimbo yavo. Mugore regumi remakore vakatanga kukunda Britain. Asati kuti iye hwaidzorwa nemadzinza dzechihedheni siyana. Wokutanga yacho kuEngland, Normans. Local Britons akapa dzinotyisa nemishonga. Asi chinyakare zvombo kugona kurova simbi nesimbi. Mumakore mashomanana iye Inoziva zvinenge zvose muEngland uye Ireland. Zvadaro vakundi yakakunda uye Scotland.

In kuchamhembe Europe uye zvakakomba kuchinja. nzira Ancient upenyu rakaparadzwa VaViking. Vagari akava muKristu. Air ushe vakabatana mugomba kusaroora. Zvakatanga Kugadzirwa kuBaltic States. Zvisinei, pakazosvika zana remakore rechigumi nematatu, rimwe simba chete rwakakamukana akawanda zvemisoro. pezvakaitwa chakafanana chakaitika munharaunda France ano uye Germany. It akatanga kwaita Dynasties kuti emakore hunotevedzana akagadzwa yokumadokero Europe.

Slavs

High Middle Ages rakava yakanaka nguva kuti kukura Old Russian mamiriro. Panguva iyoyo, yaiva imwe guru munyika. Culture uye European zvokutengeserana vakapfuura. Izvi nokuda kwokutanga ethnogenesis pamusoro Slavs okumabvazuva, uyo kare remakore rechishanu, kurega kutakura parwendo dzedzinza youpenyu, uye yakabatana mune rimwe vanhu Russian. Zvakafanana pezvakaitwa vakanga kuitika muBalkans. Zvisinei, pave dzinongoitika amira, zvisingaoneki kusvikira ipapo, nechisimba undeveloped madzinza anongofamba - the eMongolia. The kwakaderera chehurumende chaitadzisa machinda yokuRussia kuti ibatane uye vose vakawira pasi yakakuwandira pakati mapoka. Zvadaro, chirongwa kukura tsika, mapurani uye umhizha zvikuru zamedlon.

Kukura tsika dzechiKristu

High Middle Ages akanga dzinoratidzwa wakakwana kukunda kwechiKristu muEurope. Kunyange kwokutanga nguva dzakawanda vakakurumbira vakatamira mumwechete. Zvisinei, pakazosvika regumi remakore wechihedheni dzidziso vekare vakanga kuchakasimba. MuBritain, dzekuma Scandinavia uye vagari chinono chaizvo kuchinja kuti kutenda chitsva. It pave voga pakati kumatunhu aya. Kushaya kunyika riine huru akaita yokutama zvikuru matambudziko. Zvisinei, chinhu ichi zvakabatsira kudzivisa yaingopambwa ose muArabhu, iyo, nokuti ayo yokushaya kukura vasingagoni kuvaka ngarava yakakwana nhamba.

Nova Vera aiva mutsindo simba pamusoro tsika. Kubva zvino, pakanga kuomesa inorambidza uye tsika dzakanaka, maererano izvo zvakanga zvakakodzera kurarama. Kupfuura zvose muupenyu vokuEurope sei nokuchinja mumhuri mapenzi. Pakazosvika mavambo ichi yenhoroondo munyika dzakawanda (kunyanya dzekuma Scandinavia) akaramba akatsiga barika ukama. Zvisinei, chiKristu, unorambidza ichi. Kupfungwa yokuroora kwakaita kuti vachinje basa vakadzi munzanga. Solid yemadzitateguru zvinotaurwa pakutsvaga ukama hwemhuri. Mhuri chaizvo chete, iine murume, mudzimai, uye vana, vakaparadza yemadzitateguru Links. Zviremera muchimiro chechi yakanga yakakwirira kwakabatsira nezuva upenyu vemo.

Cultural kuchinja: kukura munhu hierarchical hurongwa

The tsika High yeMiddle Ages vakatsunga weboka vanhu makirasi uye vemapoka. Akanyatsosiyanisa vanhu vakaderera kwevatongi, mauto, vafundisi, vanhuwo zvavo uye varanda. Varombo uye kudzidza vakawanda akazviratidza tsika ruzivo uye rethinking pachake rusununguko. Nyika dzakawanda kwakachinja nokudzora hurongwa. MuEngland uye Umambo Hutsvene hweRoma aiva parliaments dzavo. Kirasi ropafadzo ine tsika dzayo uye zvinoitwa. Asi zviitiko izvi zvakanga mukutanga munhoroondo nguva. The tsika High yeMiddle Ages, kwave kukanganiswa kunoitwa scholastics. Zvino kwaingova vachengeti imwe kirasi itsva - vafundisi.

mufananidzo

Nemicheka yakaisvonaka hwemashiripiti kupfuura zvikuru dzakabudirira unyanzvi. Kubva mirayiridzo anoverengeka zvino dzinounzwa zvakajeka uye nzira kunyora avaiita. High Romanesque nguva yeMiddle Ages akanga dzinoratidzwa simba kukura kupenda. Ndimi iyi yakapiwa basa malyarstva, kureva webetsero pakurapa kwemasvingo mutemberi. Asi pakutanga namatatu remakore kuti vemifananidzo zvakachinja. France akasika Order of Painters. Ivo shongedza zvigaro mumachechi uye akasika murals, Pamifananidzo, mifananidzo.

Artists vanoita systematize unyanzvi hwavo. nzira zvitsva ranyuka. Somuenzaniso, pfungwa kudzika uye maonero. Kupa zvinhu bhuku uye chokwadi rava guru dambudziko nokuda Ages vanatenzi. Kuti zvakazara ishe unyanzvi udzamu havana kubudirira. Izvi chave kusikwa kwakajairika manyorerwo izvozvo gare gare kunzi Gothic. Painting uye iconography zvishoma yakatsiva seinäkartta. mhando iyi ounyanzvi zvave zvakaoma uye nguva unoparadza. Mukuwedzera, kusikwa duku tuore zvaida zvinokosha mari. Vazhinji vanoti kuzvininipisa uye upenyu urombo, mirairo Aisagona kuchitenga.

chivezwa

High Middle Ages muWestern Europe kwakaratidzwa nokuchinja kunoshamisa munyika chivezwa. Kana mamwe iwe siyana kunge wakashanduka-shanduka tichishandisa zvakanaka, kuti chivezwa aiva budiriro zvechokwadi. Huru vavariro yakanga zvebhaibheri mifananidzo. Yakakwirira Kuwanda vavezi vemabwe raiva munharaunda Italy ano. Akazviratidza muna Renaissance uye nhasi wakakurumbira chivezwa vaiva zvakananga vatsivi ari Gothic manyorerwo. Mugore Romanesque nguva vaiva dzendarira nemhangura. Somuenzaniso, pamukova Cathedral Gildesgeymsky.

nzira

Kokutanga zvinhu zvitsva kuti kuvesa zvaishandiswa. MuGermany uongorore zvakare woodcarving. Zvisinei, nokuda dzakananga ehupfumi huni, mabasa awa ounyanzvi akapotsa havana kurarama kusvikira nhasi. Uyewo, German vanhu vari inozivikanwa anogadzira zvinhu pamwero mukuru kukunda Maberere. Vakanga vari novelistic werudzii, asi ane simba Gothic munuhwi. Mumaguta akawanda Germany ano, mabasa awa ounyanzvi vachiri zvinokwezva vashanyi.

Pfungwa kusunungurwa pamusoro sarcophagi uye makuva yakaonekwa chete pakutanga regumi namaviri remakore. Munguva pfupi, nzira iyi kubudiswa rava mukurumbira chaizvo muWestern Europe. Mabasa ose kunyanya zvikuru akanzwa mweya yaitonga. Mystic uchinakidzwa, uye ruzivo pamusoro impermanence hwekurarama maoko nemakumbo. Chokwadi, izvi imhaka yokuti nguva High yeMiddle Ages raiva pasi pesimba yepamusoro uzivi.

The Cultural Revolution uye yokutanga Humanism

The nguva mangwanani kuMiddle Ages rinonzi "rima". kutambudzwa Religious, anopenga vatongi, mitemo, uye dzimwe mhuka akasiya chakakomba mucherechedzo munhoroondo yevanhu. Asi zana remakore rechigumi nematatu murayiro wekare rave rethought chose. Huge kwouwandu hwevanhu akabvumira chidzoke mumaguta makuru imwe neimwe munharaunda. Mumaguta, vanhu vakawanda zvikuru vakanakidzwa aesthetic Outdoor mabasa. Mumwe ava yemitambo. By pakutanga rechigumi remakore kunamata kufanorongwa pantomime diki. Zvino ikava yoga uri fomu. Yemitambo akava sei nevatengi nyaya, saka kutama kubva Gothic uye scholasticism.

Yakabuda zvinyorwa wokutanga kukosha kwoupenyu hwevanhu. Vazivi kubvumirwa zviri mifungo kuzobva yepamusoro yokufanoronga kana kuti kufanofunga kuvapo. More ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna basa sarudzo dzevanhu. Ndivo kutanga Humanism rokutanga. Urban tsika nemagariro rave vakawanda vachibatwa pamashoko akadaro. pachako budiriro yakatsiva kuzvininipisa uye kuteerera.

akitekicha

High Middle Ages Western Europe aizivikanwa mutsva Gothic kwokukurukurirana mapurani. Panguva iyoyo, musimboti nezivo ndiyo temberi uye machechi. Uye chero mhando ounyanzvi yave zvakabatana chaizvo nevavariro nokuzvipira. Pashure pakuguma nguva Romanism vakanga yagadzirwa nzira itsva yokushanda ibwe, geometric zvinogadzirisa, kuvakwa nematurusi. In upenyu zvoupfumi, basa dzomumaguta zvekutepfenyura. Kune zvitoro uye munharaunda nevaFreemason. machechi European High yeMiddle Ages ndivo yakanakisisa zviratidzo yaitonga.

Zvokushamisira uye kwakaita kuvakwa inoshamisa vaongorori ano. Kuvakwa Church aigona kwemakore anopfuura zana. Uye pedyo kuvaka nzvimbo vane tsika ezvinhu akasiyana vashandi communes kuti ukarega chengetedza upenyu hwavo mumagariro.

dzakasiyana-siyana

A klassiske inokudza gothic mapurani ndiyo kuvapo shongwe maviri elongated. Bell shongwe aigona kuiswa mukati kwavari, uye pakati. The wokumavirira France lavishly yakashongedzwa. Login vachitsigirwa pembiru. Zvichitevera kukura kuva furemu nezvenzira vaingove yokushongedzwa maatomu akafanana. Classic Gothic Style ichaongororwa kuva muenzaniso French. Machechi ose High yeMiddle Ages muGermany vaisiyana kunyatsoomerera kuchengeta zvikuru. Zvakakwana akanga kuoneka mune France kugadzirwa.

In Central Europe yakanga hunodzorwa vanonzi chidhinha Gothic. Machechi Zvidhinha zvaiva zvakafanana mavakirwo uchidanana kumwedzi. Ivo akagadzawo napamatare mumaguta makuru. Huge kumativi shongwe vaiva pakuva. Cathedral St. Barbara uye Church St. James uri dzekare muenzaniso Czech mapurani. Dutch gothic siyana kuvakwa temberi rurefu shongwe, spire. The hwakavigwa mumakamuri zvakaitwa namatanda rinounza novelistic uye kunyange apfuura mhepo.

Western European tsika High Middle Ages

Kokutanga kubva hweRoma, tsika Western Europe akatanga kushanda kwayo simba nesayenzi. Kukura mushonga, geometry, uzivi uye sayenzi mamwe kwakatungamirira kuti kwokushanduka munhu sectors. Kuzvidzora wekereke wakanga wakakurisa, saka masayendisiti vakamanikidzwa kuteerera Bull Pope. Asi panguva imwe chete hwokuzvinyima akanaka anonzi kupinda mubvunzo.

Vanhu sezvo mutsva feudal tsika. Paiva huru mapurazi ane namahwindo kutenderera. Pasitendi Señor. Sezvo magavhuna akatonga feudal madzishe. Vanhuwo zvavo vaiva zvachose hunotsigirwa pavo. Havana mugove zvoupfumi upenyu uye aigona kufurira zvisarudzo zvematongerwo enyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, kukura wezvokutengeserana ukama akabvumira "nyore" vanhu vamire panze vari vapfumi muvanhu. Zvikepe zvaiva masangano muFrance, England uye mativi Spain. Vamwe pluralism aibvumirwa mukati uye kumativi yamambo mazano.

mhedziso

High Middle Ages muEurope aiva akasiyana netsika nemararamiro. Kukura feudalism zvazvinoita pachena ukama. Kudzora chechi vakatanga kuneta. Kana mangwanani High Middle Ages akanga dzinoratidzwa kushaya pokumuka mirayiridzo itsva uri wakakwana, pakazosvika zana remakore rechigumi nematatu paiva vanopfuura gumi nevaviri nzvimbo dzakadaro. Art uye kunyanya mapurani aiva mutsindo simba pamusoro nekutambira inofananidza of Renaissance. Population kukura kwakaita kuti tsika kupinda mune varombo.