Genre mune zvinhu hwemashiripiti. Artists Genre

Ose unyanzvi mirayiridzo ine mafeni ayo uye nevatsoropodzi. Asi Genre nemicheka yakaisvonaka hwemashiripiti chatinokoshesa - kunosanganisira zvakawanda rusaruro, izvozvo chinokwezva vanoiona yokuvaraidza rangano uye rinowanzoshandiswa vakashorwa nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nekuti kune vamwe zvinoita sokuti zvakare zviduku uye anecdotal. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakatsoropodza makore kuedza kupindura mubvunzo kana zvakafanira kunyora purogiramu. Zvichakadai, vemifananidzo kuramba kushandisa Genre vari kupenda, uye vanhuwo - kufara mu mifananidzo yakadaro uye vaifara kutenga kwavari menyika.

Sezvo izvi zviri kuitika zvinobva?

Mifananidzo muupenyu akafuridzirwa vanhu kubva kare. Zvadaro uri yaiva nzira kudyidzana pamwe kunze nyika, vachiedza kunatsiridza zvinokonzerwa zvemashiripiti dzechiAztec. Naizvozvo, mifananidzo vari achirova nokuda kwayo simba uye zvemberi. Ancient Egyptian Mifananidzo uye mimwe mapurasitiki duku ataure hwemazuva motifs basa vanosanganisira mhuri, rudo, yemitambo, katuni zvatinoona. Pliniy Starshy akanyora wake "Natural History" ariko chaizvo vemifananidzo, anotora mufananidzo zvitoro vageri uye cobblers.

Genre mune yechiKristu

Kutanga chitendero chitsva rakavapo pane utsinye ezvinhu, akavanda catacombs uye kushandisa muchivande remitemo. Genre nemicheka yakaisvonaka unyanzvi iyoyo, zvakare, akavimba chakavanzika Chirevo - mifananidzo pamwe hove aitaura rubhabhatidzo mifananidzo pakuvaka nechibhende chaicho pakusikwa chechi munharaunda, uye mutambo aifara akaitirwa tiratidze hwemafaro kwemweya Munzvimbo yokugara kudenga. Imhaka mukutanga Christian motifs mirayiridzo wakapfuurira Ages unyanzvi, apo akadaro mifananidzo zvaishandiswa mbiru uye magwaro zvinyorwa. Mukuwedzera, mavakirwo nguva, zvakare, chaishandiswa chaizvo Genre - mienzaniso zvinogona kuonekwa ibwe mapatani Gothic machechi unoratidza woodcutters uye vafudzi, waini-anotyisa uye vechingwa. Zviitiko zvakadaro kunyatsoyeuka zvinoratidza nzira nguva yepanyika, akazadzwa ezuva nezuva.

Kukura achitungamirirwa Renaissance

Pakutanga rechigumi nemashanu remakore Genre kupenda akanga vaisanganisa nokuondomoka hunokosha negwara. Artists vakatanga kumiririra kupemberera uye dzomuchato, uyewo mifananidzo upenyu zvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Sapamazuva akare, zvose zviri Painters vakatsvaka vazadze kwokufananidzira. Makenduru kunge chiratidzo upenyu hwevanhu, maruva nemichero - pamusoro wokubereka, shiri iri keji ichifananidzwa yemusikana akachena uye womutsvairo yaiva nzira yavangabata kwete chete nemarara, asiwo kumidzimu yakaipa. Zvose uye chiitiko munyaya abatwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo chiito. Asi mumadimikira izvi zvose pamwe chakazara realism uye akataura pamusoro chokwadi choupenyu.

Nyaya haisi dzechitendero, uye vanhu uye nyika yepasi, mune zvose zvayo zvakadzama. Kunyanya kuoneka revaluation yetsika iri kwaita pamusika zvatinoona. Pane Dudziro Zvikamu zviri zvokureva kuparara Artists vakataura pamusoro vanhuwo zvavo, akafuridzirwa zvibereko Mother Nature wayo hazviperi simba. Mafungiro ichi pachena mifananidzo yose Pieter Bruegel Mukuru, Velazquez, Vermeer uye Caravaggio. Boka yepasisa vakanga anoratidzwa nerudo uye runako, izvo kare ari unyanzvi.

Genre mumazuva Kujekerwa

Pasinei picturesque mifananidzo yacho Renaissance uye vakatakura mumwe didacticism. Ndokusaka kutanga Kujekerwa Genre ari ziso hwemashiripiti akatanga kupfuura pacharo. Motifs kuti vanodhakwa uye kubiridzira murombo uye kurarama upenyu hwemhuri yakanyarara - zvakanaka, vakanga zvakajeka chaizvo uye devalued mune mirayiridzo iyi. Zvisinei, mukuvamba namapfumbamwe remakore nyika, uye kusanganisira vemifananidzo Russian pamusoro Genre vakadzokera kumugariro simba rake. Somuenzaniso, vanhu painter Aleksandr Ivanov kupenda ake "Kuonekwa Kristu kuti vanhu" rinosanganisa dzimwe pfungwa dzinokosha mirayiridzo iyi.

Venetsianov Mifananidzo inoratidza zvemagariro zviripo nezvinhu chaizvo kunzwa uye pasina unyengeri hwakawanda, ari Genre pamusoro yakaoma realism haina kubvuma kuti mabhuku ounyanzvi ose Fedora Dostoevskogo. Munyori akataura kuti enhoroondo Painters zvinoratidza chii vanoziva sei zvakaitika, uye Genre Painters - ndiwo zvapupu zvakaona zviitiko rakaratidzwa.

Salon kupenda

Pakazopera rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, Genre aifanira kubata kuderera zvakare. Kabhini mufananidzo mifananidzo aburutsirwa pachiyero chiro kwokurangana, wakanaka makuhwa. Asi nokukurumidza Genre nemicheka yakaisvonaka hwemashiripiti vakadzokera yapfuura padanho - iri kwaita Impressionism vakadzoka izvozvo kukosha. Kupera nguva, nounyanzvi rakati nokuda vemifananidzo, vakazara pfungwa haidereri pane huru nhoroondo mifananidzo, achidzoka zuva kukosha kwayo. Nakisisa ngano, mhuri Chirevo - ndicho chave vakazvipira kuti Category mufananidzo. Genre yapuwa vatenzi akadai Petrov-Vodkin, Borisov-Musatov, Hodler uye Segantini. Lyrically inosuruvarisa nguva upenyu anomirirwa Corinne, uye mifananidzo Kustodiev zuva kuvapo vari vakauya akanaka, ane mavara nomuvengi.

Genre muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri

A enguva itsva yave akauya mifananidzo nechokugedhi incredible siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu. Paiva posita mifananidzo, chibhende zvaakazvionera uye kufungisisa dzouzivi. Genre ari ziso hwemashiripiti yazova zvakasikwa nzira rokuratidzira upenyu zvawo, kusanganisira mazororo, mifananidzo muuduku kana kukwegura, mifananidzo, azere realism. The pamatende kuimba runyararo basa. Kusiyana psevdomonumentalnymi mifananidzo, yakakurumbira nokuda ezvinhu enyika, artless mararamiro ari dzinongoitika zvinoratidza tsitsi. Pakazopera zana remakore rechimakumi maviri ari Genre akaonekwa vakasvinuka, chitsamwatsamwa kupenda zvakakwana anoratidza mweya nguva uye panguva iyoyowo huchiita kuti tsika mberi kubva Middle Ages.