Shoko rokuti "Company" hunosanganisira ... Pfungwa uye zvinoitwa vanhu

Basic Dzidziso munzanga wose anofanira kuziva. Pashure pezvose, tiri kurarama kwete ndoga, asi tiri vamiririri vayo. We kudzidza zvinoreva "vanhu" pfungwa. Chokutanga, tinofanira kupa akakurumbira tsananguro. Society - wesangano vanhu pamwe vakanochengeta ndima, mukuru zviri pamutemo hurongwa, tsika, mitemo yokuzvibata, patsika dzemunharaunda, vachibvumira zvakaoma kuumba nhengo dzayo magariro Kuzivikanwa, kureva mupfungwa kuva imwe chete.

Pfungwa yokuti "vanhu" vari evanhu

Nhasi, isu shoko "nzanga", kazhinji pasina kufunga kuti chii. Wemagariro evanhu ari sayenzi ndiko kupa tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi yakajeka, nokuti vanhu - chinangwa kudzidza kwake. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvesayenzi ichi pfungwa iri kazhinji rinoshandiswa nenzira mbiri.

Zviratidzo vanhu kubudikidza E. Shils

Chekutanga, pfungwa "vanhu" zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvimwe evanhu inotungamirwa zvakadai, somunhu nenzvimbo, wenhoroondo, enyika uye zvoupfumi. Society, maererano kunyange imba pfungwa, - inopfuura boka kana munharaunda. Achishandisa pfungwa iyi, isu kazhinji mupfungwa ipi mhando zvayo kare zvakananga (ano, feudal, chinyakare), kana yakatsiga uye chikuru yevanhu, coinciding panyika dzaro mamiriro (Russian Nzanga iri), kana chine munharaunda idzi, izvo ikashandiswa mararamiro uye tsika, chete pamwero muzvigadzirwa kukura (ano Western vanhu). Vose pamusoro embodiments ikashandiswa sezvinotevera: nzanga chinomirira hurongwa wakakwana, riri vemunyika vari kuomesa zvenyama spatial nemiganhu. Pfungwa iyi inoshanda zvose nhoroondo yakareba, nhamba nhengo ipi revanhu, kana asangana zvimwe zvinodiwa. Vakanga akagadzira pedyo E. Shils. Zviratidzo kuti pfungwa "vanhu" kunosanganisira.

1. mubatanidzwa hakusi chikamu hombe vanhu (maitiro).

2. michato advantageously pakati nhengo nokuwadzana ichi.

3. anonyanya nokuda vana vavanhu vari kare kuzivikanwa nevamiririri varo, iri kukasawedzerwa vanhu.

4. Kushamwaridzana ine kunharaunda yayo.

5. ine nhoroondo yaro uye zita rayo.

6. ine kuzvidzora hurongwa.

7. Pane kushamwaridzana kwenguva refu kupfuura avhareji hunotarisira munhu upenyu.

8. Vose ukoshi hurongwa, zvimwe kuzivikanwa netsika, rinobatanidza nayo (hwakanga tsika, dzemunharaunda, tsika, tsika, mitemo, mirayiro).

Society nzira dzinounzwa ari evanhu

A nhamba mudzimba evanhu vanotenda kuti pfungwa "vanhu" chinosanganisira zvinotevera nzira:

- kuvapo panguva zvakangofanana ndima, inova zvinhu hwaro evanhu ukama dzinomuka mukati maro;

- nzwisisika (yezvisikwa);

- kuzvionera, kureva kukwanisa kuvapo vakazvimiririra uye pachavo;

- integrative, kureva vanhu vanogona kuridza sapamarudzi itsva uye kuchengetedza zvivako zvavo, vari akapoteredza mumagariro upenyu kubatanidza vanhu vatsva.

Society - social chokwadi

Zvinoreva "vanhu" wechipiri, socio-kwouzivi uye evasingatombonamati Sociological, akaderedza mumwe pfungwa - the "munzanga chokwadi". Nenzira iyi iri "evanhu" vanhu havagoni kuderedzwa ari seboka mabasa vanhu chete Pamusana pamusoro individualities dzavo. Kubva pane empirical uchapupu, kudzidza evanhu munharaunda uye mapoka (marudzi, makirasi, genus, mhuri) sezvo seboka masangano izvo ndine zvinhu cohesion uye chitarisiko chawo. uyewo anoongorora nzira iyo vemunharaunda kwakadaro hierarchically omurume rose - munzanga. boka muchidzidza, STRUCTURAL zvese, anoratidza kuvapo dzakananga ukama vakabatana, iyo anonzwa munhu wose anobatanidzwa.

mhando vanhu

The zvikuru yokuita nzira kutsanangura nzanga nokubatsirwa typologies. Uye anopa zvakakodzera mwero nehasha uye zvinogamuchirika pamwero zvavo. typologies kwakadaro kuvapo kwazvo.

Type nzanga anonyanya pakutsvaga kwadzinoita kugadzirwa, ndiko kuti, sei aidzora uye akashandisa nzira inoshandiswa uye zvoupfumi zviwanikwa kuti rine. Siyana panyaya iyi, Somuenzaniso, dzechiKomonisiti, mugovanisi, capitalist, feudal uye muranda-pakuva vanhu. Vari dzinounzwa pachishandiswa ukama yevanhu zvokurarama kugadzirwa, kupfuura zvose, pfuma ukama. Chinonyanya kukosha mune nzira iyi anova aivapo kwavo kukura muitiro nzira. Unogonawo sarudza mashoko, post-maindasitiri uye mumaindasitiri vanhu. Ivo zvinosiyana inobva kushanda siyana kubudirira kwesayenzi uye kwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye michina mitsva. Chinonyanya kukosha mune nzira iyi, inova zvesayenzi uye zvekushandisa mberi, uye iye, sezvaakataura remakore rechi19 Durkheim, haigoni kufamba pasina kuwedzera kukosha kubatana, pamwe basa.

pfungwa kunzwisisa

Pfungwa kunzwisisa nzanga mhiri yezvinoreva apa socio-youzivi pfungwa. Zvinonzi rusununguko kwokufananidzira chinangwa. Ose Pfungwa paradigm zvinopa mythologized tinzwisise vanhu ichi; uye kunzwisisa kwake vakaisa pfungwa Cliche mifananidzo, rengano nezvaanoreva. Vanhu kunzwisisa kwevanhu "munzanga yedu", kuoneka mukati, zvakafanana neizvi kuti mufananidzo wezvinhu zvose. nyaya yake yose nowenyika "ngano pamusoro pakutanga", kuwanika chero vanhu raibuda pamusoro chiitiko rakatanga nyika (chinonzi "pervosobytiem"). Zvisinei, kana mumamiriro munzanga, nhema pamusoro pakutanga here kutaura pakutanga mhedziso yacho epics uye ngano dzose nzanga "nhoroondo" ndiwo mubvunzo hama, sei kuzodzosera akabuda mushure yokuzorora. Somuenzaniso, nhoroondo American munzanga, unotanga dzakavamba madzibaba. Kana isu kutaura nyika yedu, tinogona kutora Soviet muvanhu, izvo yakatanga October Revolution.

Empirical kunzwisisa vanhu

Society anogona kunzi mumaonero empiricism. Mupfungwa iyi, sezvachiri vakawanda evanhu mapoka. Ndizvo pfungwa "vanhu" unosanganisira zvose mamwe magariro mapoka.

System tsananguro wakatangwa na R. Koenig

Sezvaunogona kuona, nemaonero pamusoro nhasi vari siyana chaizvo. Basic Dzidziso munzanga, vakaisawo kumusoro, pfungwa imwe kana mumwe mamiriro ayo, achisiya vamwe. Saka, zvinoita sokuti Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri hurongwa tsananguro. Pfungwa dzacho uye zvaidiwa vanhu akapa musayendisiti R. Koenig. Maererano tsanangudzo muongorori, zvinonzwisiswa noMweya vanhu:

- mhando nemararamiro;

- Pfungwa uye upfumi pamwe kunobva zvibvumirano;

- chaiwo evanhu kubatana, vakadzidza vanhu;

- kuva mapoka uye vanhu, ndizvo RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA vanhu;

- rudzi vanhu kare chaizvo;

- pasocial chokwadi, kureva ukama nevanhu uye magariro pezvakaitwa uye ezvirevo yakavakirwa ukama izvi.

Basic zvinoreva "vanhu" uye ayo zviratidzo isu kuzivikanwa. Ngatichikurukurai mimwe ukama mibvunzo.

Country, State uye Society

Kudzidza nenyaya dzakadai pfungwa uye maumbirwo vanhu, vanofanira kutsanangura zvakajeka zvinoreva mamwe mashoko uye kunzwisisa musiyano pakati pavo. Tiri kutaura pfungwa dzakadai se "rudzi", "mamiriro" uye "vanhu."

Society akamborarama mugumisiro hwevanhu, tinongonzwa Virtual.

State - ichi chinhu hazvizivi enyika kuvaka, kukoreji kana sangano zvakagadzirirwa kubata ukama izvi. Pfungwa kwenzanga uye mamiriro, sezvaungaona - kwete zvimwe chetezvo.

Pakupedzisira, nyika sezvo pfungwa chinhu zvenguva pakati vaviri, nokuti zvakare nzanga (yevanhu, anongonzwa yakasimbiswa) uye Hurumende (sezvazvakanyorwa ane mamiriro miganhu).

Pfungwa evanhu ehurumende uye vanhu

Service kuti vanhu ndicho chinangwa chikuru ehurumende. Zvinofanira kuva nezvechinhu nezviremera. vanhu Russian ano vakazvipira kuvaka evanhu mamiriro, izvo zvinofanira kuita zvinotevera mabasa:

- inonzi kugadzikana uye munzanga runyararo munyika, ari kunetsana kufarira muyananisi pakati akaturikidzana, mapoka munharaunda, nechokwadi kuti mumagariro nzwisisa vakazobvumirana;

- kumisa mumwe murayiro munzanga uye kuramba nayo pazvinhu zvose, kusvikira kushandiswa coercive;

- kuchengetedza pamusoro nehanya nevanhu, zvichiita nhengo vose munzanga sevamwe ezvinhu oupenyu, kutarisira simba uye mapoka uye strata chavagari, kureva, zvinofanira kuva pasocial;

- kuva simba inogona revatema kupinda rakabatana rose vanhu.

Verenga zvimwe pamusoro evanhu munzanga uye mamiriro

Social Hurumende inofanira kupa zveupfumi mberi. Zvinofanira kuva anokonzera panyama nemagariro zvakanaka vemo, avo zvakanaka. Rokuvaka ezvinhu akadaro achava zvinogoneka chete nepavanogona kuedza siyana evanhu mauto. A pamwero kukura vanhu vanofanira kuita zvinoenderana nacho.

Pfungwa evanhu munharaunda nechokuita zvakananga evanhu bhora. The yokupedzisira inosanganisira siyana evanhu masangano kuti zvidikanwi vanhu vari vakachengeteka, mhuri, zvokurarama nazvo, kurongeka munzanga uye nekugadzirisa matambudziko zvomudzimu, kuwana zivo.

Features nzanga dzemazuva ano

Modern vanhu - ichi haisi chete monolithic chisikwa, pasinei kuti yakazara nhasi, sezvo kumboitika, akasiyana-siyana pakukurukurirana (netsika, enyika, zvoupfumi), izvo kunotsigirwa muitiro kwenyika dzepasi pose. Nhoroondo World - nhoroondo kukura kwenzanga inochinja dzavo. Pfungwa uye maumbirwo munzanga nyaya iyi kunenge zvakasiyana. Mumwe Budiriro kwakasimbiswa pamusoro wake manyorero, uye munhoroondo vanhu rabva rinokosha chiratidzo. Zvisinei, kusiyana kuri pakati pavo, hazvirevi nokurwisana uye kupikiswa. Pakati siyana yebudiriro, kunyange kure mumwe, pane kufananidzwa, iro rinobva kubatana chinokosha Misimboti sangano munzanga. Zvisinei, pakati vanhu East uye West nhasi, pane mukaha, inova tsika chinhu nguva yedu.

Muchiitiko chino, vanhu mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuedza kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera zvinhu avo aumba imomo kuti anoenderana mamiriro ake uye zvinobatsira kubudirira kwayo kukura. Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti zvave, sezvo mutemo, somugumisiro refu ruzivo uye rokuvandudza ano budiriro. Saka, regai kutsvaka artificially nokusangana vanhu.

Saka, takurukura pfungwa uye zvaidiwa vanhu. dingindira Izvi zvinokosha kuti evanhu. Rinogonawo kutora nzvimbo muchikoro munzanga zveBhaibheri zvidzidzo. Modern nzanga anofanira kufunga kupi chinofamba uye chii rinomiririra. Mumwe nomumwe wedu ane mutoro wayo ramangwana. Pashure pezvose, vanhu uye vanhu - pfungwa ukama.