Andrey Ivanovich Shtakenshneyder - Architect: Biography, anoshanda muSt Petersburg uye Peterhof

Stackenschneider - mapurani, ane zita rakajairika kune vanhu vakawanda muRussia uye kunze. Pamusana murume uyu matarenda vakasikwa dzoushe zhinji, zvivako, uye dzimwe tsika Monuments of St. Petersburg uye Peterhof. Uyu aiva murume hunoshamisa isu tsanangura mubhuku rino.

Achiri muduku akitekiti

Akaberekwa Shtakenshneyder Andrey Ivanovich 22 February 1802 pamusoro munharaunda simba Russian Empire. Sekuru yemberi mapurani aiva chizvarwa rimwe remaguta makurusa iri kuchamhembe Germany - Braunschweig. Aiva tenzi yakakurumbira, kubereka zvakasiyana siyana zvinhu kubva zvechokwadi mhuka ganda. Zvino mukurumbira unyanzvi hwake kusvika Russian Emperor Paul, akakokwa guru. Gare gare, sekuru vangu vakasarudza kugara Russia. Aroora uye akaberekwa baba, Andrei Ivanovich.

Andrew pachake akazvarwa pamadziro purazi mhuri, apo amborarama mhuri yose Shtakenshnejdera. Zvinenge zvose achiri muduku zvishoma mapurani aipedza paguyo, apo baba vake akashanda. Apo remangwana vanatenzi wemakore 13, akatumirwa kudzidza panguva Imperial Academy of Arts. Zvisinei, nokuti kuti anokosha matarenda haana akaratidza, pashure chikoro, iye akataura kuti komiti mabasa uye hydraulic ezvirevo. Ndiko akitekiti yedu Stackenschneider Akashanda kwechinguva, vachibatirira nzvimbo akangofananawo draftsman.

A siyana zvokuita basa

Pashure pemakore mana basa sechinhu draftsman gamba redu akapiwa mari kupa nokuda raakatanga basa idzva. nguva ino aitarisira nzvimbo murongedzeri-rokupenda.

Akasimuka pamusoro kuvaka St. vaIsaka Cathedral, achitungamirwa chaiwo basa riri kuvakwa. Pano akazvisiyanisa sezvo unyanzvi mapurani. Stackenschneider akazoonana dzakasvibiswa mumwe muvaki akakurumbira uye mapurani Anri Lui Auguste Richard. Ndiye akakoka gamba redu kuzoshanda Winter Palace.

Kushaya hanya nebasa uye private tsika

Pane imwe nguva, murongedzeri Stackenschneider akasarudza kuti nguva yokuita private tsika. Mukutanga 1831 iye akasiya basa Commission uye nomufaro mukuru vaiita private kuvakwa. Mumwe wokutanga hwokuzvimirira basa rake rakanga pamasikiro ducal imba. Munda vaiva AH Benkendorf.

Kamwe gamba redu zvinobudirira kukurira basa pamberi pake, Earl akaudza nezvazvo kuna mambo. Somugumisiro, matarenda mapurani akakokwa rimwe vakapfuma mudzimba St. Petersburg. Stackenschneider zvinenge pakarepo kuwana nzvimbo Nicholas I.

Kuwedzera, akatanga kugamuchira mumwe mirairo kubva mambo. Uye pashure penguva chakava anoita chete mapurani vanovimba kuvaka kwete chete guru wakare, asi muchinda, mumizinda. Uye saka kwaifanira kusvika pakufa mapurani. Akashanda kwenguva refu uye akagadzira youmambo pfuma uye ropafadzo vanhu, akagamuchira honorary wenyaya pachake murongedzeri wake mambo mumuzinda.

mubayiro First uye kudzidza kunze

Kana uchitenda mashoko kubva Biography, Stackenschneider kutanga akawana pamutemo muna 1834. Panguva iyoyo, akashanda racho "boka duku mumuzinda mambo," iro akagamuchira vaizotibata musoro academician.

Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, gamba redu akanzwa husisipo ruzivo. Panguva iyoyowo akakwanisa kuwana kutsigirwa mambo, uye kubva hurumende ngaabvumire kuti aende kune imwe nyika kuti vadzidze. Saka, akashanyira England, France uye Italy. Vakati vadzoka kubva vamiririri St. Petersburg Academy of Arts akagamuchira honorary zita muzvinadzidzo dzeboka rechipiri.

Kunoshanda Mariinsky Palace

Mumakore ake upenyu Andrey akagadzira uye vakavaka zvivako kunosiyana kunzwisisa. Akakwanisa kushanyira Moscow, muCrimea, St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Taganrog, Peterhof uye kunyange Tsarskoye tiiviste. Panzvimbo dzose idzi zviri zvikuru kubudirira aishanda uye achishanda. Vatsoropodzi kurumbidzwa basa rake uye nharo pamusoro zvinhu uye yakaoma panguva imwecheteyo democratic maitiro. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvivako kuti murongedzeri akakwanisa nokusingaperi kuvaka, ndiye Mariinsky Palace.

Chivako ichi, riri pamusoro yakaisvonaka St. vaIsaka Square, gamba redu yakagadzirwa muna 1839. Kuvakwa mumuzinda yakapera muna 1844. On chii nezvivakwa uye dzoushe akavaka Stackenschneider kunze mamiriro ichi, riri pari nguva yakagara St. Petersburg Legislative Assembly, isu tsanangura pazasi.

Other mabasa makuru nemunyori mukuru

Nemhaka yake kubvunzana pfungwa uye fungidziro huru, gamba redu akasika Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace muSt Petersburg. Rangarirai, ichi ndicho yakasiyana chivako chiNazi Baroque werudzii, yakavakwa pakati 1846 uye 1848.

Pakati mazhinji mabasa yakakurumbira mapurani anogona kuonekwa kwete nhare chete, asiwo vana muwadhi, chapero, zhizha dzokugara uye zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, pakutanga 1835 zvakanzi modeled uye akavaka muchihwande Villa anozivikanwa firimu mutambi Zhenesa. Papera chaizvo gore rimwe, gamba redu vakashanda pakuvaka Suburban nzvimbo Tatyana Zvantsova. Uye muna 1834, akavakazve nyika imba MI Mordvinova.

Chinozikamwa zvivako Peterhof

Peterhof munharaunda uye guta racho rakava nzvimbo huru Tuso tenzi wedu. Pano ari kushingaira kushanda chirongwa chakaisvonaka landscaped mumapaki: Meadow uye Kolonistskogo.

Ipapo akafunga pamusoro zvemamiriro mupaki Kolonistskogo voga. Saka, munyori wedu muridzi yokunyora nokudhirowa pamusoro setende maviri: Holguín uye Caricino. Zvinofadza Holguín metende akasikwa zvarayirwa naMambo Nicholas I uye rokukudza mwanasikana wake. Zita rake raiva Olga. The chaizvo kuvaka shongwe chakafanana Neapolitan, aoma yakabudikira kubva dzayo pasi pemvura.

Caricino Kusviba chete yakavakwa zvakasimba maererano chikumbiro womudzimai Emperor Alexandra Feodorovna. kunze zviratidzo zvake akanga mamwe akafanana chivakwa yekare kare Roman, pane dzekare kuvaka Nicholas I.

Rakaisvonaka setende mumapaki siyana

Andrey planners nevamwe setende maviri yevedza Lugovoy Park. Mumwe wavo - Pink Pavilion, kana kuti "Ozerki". Maererano vatsoropodzi, aiva nechepakati Kuronga yose rengarava. kuvaka Its akatanga muna 1845-m, uye dzakaguma - muna 1848. Wechipiri - the Belvedere, yaiva chivako maviri-storey kuvakwa pamusoro kumbonyanya hombe girenayiti zvinogumbura.

Pakutanga 1727, gamba redu rakatanga kuvakwa yamambo uye paki Ensemble panguva dacha ake Emperor Peter II. Ipapo Holy Trinity Church yakavakwa achitungamirirwa murongedzeri, mumuzinda, orangery uye imba murimi mumuzinda uye paki Ensemble of XIX remakore. Next aiva palace Znamenka, Farm Palace uye Lion Pazvinoitika. Chivako ichi zvinoshamisa isu tsanangura pazasi.

Danho Unique mumuzinda uye paki Ensemble pamusoro Peterhof

Munguva pamasikiro Lower Park akakurumbira mapurani vakashandisa nheyo rakasikwa munhu cascading matsime. Zvaidavirwa kuti, nenzira iyi, nomuzinda inovakwa mukati mupaki, zvicharangarirwa nechimwe munhu zvinoshamisa nharaunda mhuka. Muchiitiko chino, pakutanga basa racho inozivikanwa Italian mapurani Nikolo Miketti. Asi pfungwa dzake kuvhara Pazvinoitika mhete mukati Hermitage mukoto asina kushandisa.

Between makore 1854-1857 chirongwa Danho yave pakanatsiridzwa chose. nguva ino, nokuti hwaro hwayo akatora chirongwa AI Shtakenshnejdera. Maererano rokutanga data, zvinofungirwa nouchapupu kuwedzera pakutanga dziva saizi uye achiwedzera mbiru 14, kukwirira nerimwe raiva 8 m.

Pakati pembiru 12 akagadzawo chairwo machena nembiya. Kubva kare decoration zvinhu munyori vakasarudza kusiya mascarones (enyambo mifananidzo yemhuka ngano) nenhamba yeshumba guru, kubva mumuromo iyo kurerutsa mvura jeti. Pakati wechikamu chifananidzo pantheon sported rakamonana "Nymph Aganipa". Munhu wose akaona Danho ichi, se chinhu chinopa chakanaka, kunyatsoteerera uye panguva imwe chete zvakazonaka.

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro poupenyu murongedzeri pachako

Emergency mapurani basa harina kumutadzisa uye kumisa upenyu hwake pachake. Kuva nenguva yepamusoro ake meteoric basa, muvambi mabasa vakawanda vakasangana mukadzi, izvo pakarepo kudanana. Yaiva Maria Fedorovna Halchinskaya.

Papera nguva, pashure kugara pamwe nomudzimai vakanga 8 nevana. Zvinokosha kuti vose zvavo, kunze mudiki Zenaida, uyo akafa muna pauduku, vakava anozivikanwa unhu. Somuenzaniso, murongedzeri Elena mwanasikana achiri muduku inonetsa akatanga kunyora netsamba dzake. Gare gare, iye kunyange akazarura mabhuku Salon. Mwanakomana murongedzeri Nikolai refu nguva vaigara Petersburg. Akafarira kuzochera, Aifarira mapurani unyanzvi, uye kunyange imba iri Kharkiv.

Chimwe mwanakomana Andrei Ivanovich Alexander kudzidza yemitambo makosi uye akava mumwe kufarira Artists of Imperial Theater. Zvisinei, unyanzvi munhu akadaro akafanana Stackenschneider, paiva nevamwe vana vasina kuzvipira hwake unyanzvi.

Somuenzaniso, chete uyu waiva mwanakomana wake Adrian. Ndapedza akaenda kunoshanda kuhofisi Seneti. Papera chinguva, akatamira Kiev, akararama kwemakore romuOdessa, apo akatungamirira Court of Justice. Mwanakomana Vladimir zvakare mukusanzwisisa mutemo. Mwanasikana Maria naOlga vakabudirira akaroora uye akaenda kunogara kunze kwenyika.

Memory vachararama nokusingaperi

Andrei Ivanovich akafa kare. Akafa pakutanga August 1865. Panguva rufu makore ake 63. Kutaurwa nezvake mupenyu mumwoyo nepfungwa dzedu vomunyika. Uye anoshamisa zvaakasika acharamba achifarira revashanyi veko.