General Dmitry Karbyshev, Hero of Soviet Union: A Biography. Feat pamusoro General Karbysheva

Future Hero of Soviet Union Dmitry Karbyshev akaberekwa muna 1880 muna Omsk. Akanga revatongi mavambo: baba vake akashanda se ari mukuru weuto. Kana musoro wemhuri akafa akashaya, mwana aiva nemakore 12 uye nekuichengete yakawira pamapfudzi mai.

udiki

Family anazvo Tatar nemidzi uye vaiva dzinza uye boka rechitendero Kryashens vanozviti Orthodoxy, pasinei Turkic mavambo. Dmitry Karbyshev aivawo yakwegura mukoma. Muna 1887 iye akasungirwa pokuita echimurenga kufamba vadzidzi Kazan University. Vladimir akasungwa, uye mhuri anowanikwa pachayo iri quandary.

Kunyange zvakadaro, Dmitry Karbyshev kupedza Siberian kadheti Corps nokuda matarenda dzavo uye kuita. Pashure sangano iri rokudzidzisa vakatevera Nikolaev ouinjiniya chikoro. Paro musoja wechiduku akaratidza. Karbyshev akatumwa kumuganhu kuna muManchuria, kwaakashanda somumwe wevakuru vari boka, riri basa telegraphy.

Basa muuto wavarindi

Pausiku wokuRussia-Japanese War, mumwe mupurisa mudiki akagamuchira chinzvimbo refutenendi. Kubva kanga, Dmitry Karbyshev kuti vanoongorora. Iye rwakagadzirira dzezvokukurukurirana, basa ezvinhu mabhiriji nechemberi uye akatora chikamu mune dzimwe hondo inokosha. Saka, iye akasangana kwainyanya yatanga hondo Mukden.

Pashure pehondo, iye muchidimbu aigara Vladivostok, apo akaramba kushanda muna rechiuto. Muna 1908-1911 gg. mukuru akadzidziswa panguva Nikolayev Military Engineering Academy. Vakaipedza, akaenda Brest-Litovsk somunhu mukuru, apo aiitawo pakuvaka Brest Fortress.

Sezvo makore aya Karbyshev yaiva kumadokero kumiganhu kwenyika, aizviwana ari pamberi World War First kubvira pazuva ayo chiziviso rokutanga chaizvo. Vazhinji weGurukota upenyu rakaitirwa vachitungamirirwa yakakurumbira Alekseya Brusilova. Raiva South-Western Front, apo Russia yakanga hondo pamwe Austria-Hungary, pamwe siyana kubudirira. Somuenzaniso, Karbyshev muchirongwa anobudirira kubatwa pamusoro Przemysl, uye muna Brusilov budiriro. The okupedzisira hondo Karbyshev akapedza riri pamuganhu Romania, paakange mubasa nokusimbaradza kuzvidzivirira nzvimbo. Nokufamba kwemakore akawanda ari mberi, akakwanisa kuti vapfurwa gumbo, asi zvakadaro akadzokera hurongwa.

Vachienda Red Army

Muna October 1917, muna Petrograd kubvuta masimba, pashure idzo Bolsheviks vakauya simba. Vladimir Lenin aida agumise hondo pamwe Germany nekukurumidza kuti Redirect mauto avo ose kurwisa dzakawanda vavengi: chena kufamba. Kuti aite izvi, zvakatanga hombe nepasipo, rutsigiro nokuti simba Soviet muchiuto.

Karbyshev gedye akasangana panhengo Red Guard. Mairi, aiva nebasa pakuronga kuzvidzivirira uye Okugadzira. Kunyanya yakawanda Karbyshev yakaitwa Volga nharaunda, apo muna 1918-1919. Iye akamhanya Eastern Front. Talent uye kukwanisa injiniya zvakabatsira Red Army kuti vawane nzvimbo munzvimbo uye kuramba mberi kwayo kurutivi Urals. Karbysheva basa kukura kwakaguma kugadzwa 5th Army of Red Army pazuva rimwe vaitungamirira nzvimbo. hondo Civil, apedza ari Crimea, apo akanga anokonzera ouinjiniya basa muna Perekop dzaibatanidza kweItari pamwe yakaoma.

Pakati World Wars

Munguva yorugare 20s uye 30s Karbyshev mubasa vachidzidzisa zvikoro zvechiuto uye kunyange akava purofesa. Nguva nenguva, iye muchirongwa Implementation inokosha kwezvivako muzvirongwa yokuzvidzivirira. Somuenzaniso, tiri kutaura nezve "Lines Stalin kuti".

Kubva pakati Russo-Finnish Hondo muna 1939 Karbyshev akazviratidza padzimbahwe, apo akanyora kurumbidza nokuda budiriro kuzvidzivirira Mannerheim Line. Papera gore akava refutenendi-General uye Dhokotera Military Sciences.

Panguva yake journalistic mabasa Karbyshev akanyora anenge 100 mabasa ari mapurani. Maererano mabhuku uye anobatsira pakudzidzisa vakagadzirira zhinji nyanzvi Red Army kumusoro kusvikira Hondo Yenyika II. Kunyanya yakawanda nguva inopedzerwa adzidze Karbyshev vakawanda nenyaya rikurumidze nzizi mukurwisana nezvombo. Muna 1940 iye akabatana CPSU (b).

pakutapwa German

Mavhiki mashomanana asati kutanga Great Patriotic War, General Karbyshev akatumwa kunoshanda kumuzinda 3rd Army. Akanga ari Grodno - pedyo chaizvo kumuganhu. Rakanga pano kuti nokurohwa of Wehrmacht rokutanga vakatumwa kana June 22, 1941 akatanga kuvhiyiwa kuti blitzkrieg.

Mazuva mashoma gare gare hondo kudzimbahwe uye Karbyshev takakombwa. Kuedza kutiza bhaira hakusi kubudirira, uye mukuru akakuvadzwa ari Mogilev nharaunda, pedyo Dnieper River.

Kamwe muutapwa, akanga akawanda yevasungwa, vokupedzisira chakanga Mauthausen. General Karbyshev aiva nomukurumbira nyanzvi uye kunze. Naizvozvo vokuGermany kubva Gestapo uye SS vakaedza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vafarirwe kurutivi rwake handichisiri muduku mukuru aigona kupfuura mashoko anokosha kumuzinda German uye kubatsira Reich.

VaNazi vaidavira kuti nyore kunyengetedza Karbysheva pamwe navo. Mukuru aibva kwamachinda, akashanda muuto tsarist kwemakore akawanda. Izvi zvinhu nhoroondo dzeupenyu aigona kutaura kuti General Karbyshev - anongoitika vanhu Bolshevik madenderedzwa uye nomufaro kuita zvakawanda pamwe Reich.

-Makore 60 mukuru kanoverengeka ari tsananguro kukurukura kwakakonzera kuti akakodzera masimba, asi munhu wekare vakaramba pamwe vokuGermany. Pose, akataura nechivimbo kuti kukunda Soviet Union muna muHondo Yenyika II uye vaNazi anokurirwa. Hapana chiito chake haana kutaura kuti musungwa yakaputsika kana varasikirwa mwoyo.

In Hammelburg

Muchirimo 1942 Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich akachinjirwa Hammelburg. Raiva mumusasa wevasungwa chairo akabatwa vatariri. Pano kuti kusika zvikuru hwomutambarakede ezvinhu. Saka utungamiri German vakaedza kuwana pamusoro nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vatariri vehondo muvengi, izvo vakanakidzwa mukurumbira mukuru pamusha. Munguva yehondo pakati Hammelburg akashanyirwa 18 zviuru vasungwa Soviet. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva mukuru pamisara zvechiuto. Vazhinji akaputsa pashure pokubva rufu mumisasa uye vakazviwana hwomutambarakede uye zvakakunakira nzvimbo yevasungwa, apo ushamwari nyaya vaiva navo. Zvisinei Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich haana vakaitei yomuvengi mupfungwa kurapwa uye akaramba akavimbika kuna Soviet Union.

Nokuti vakawanda akaiswa chaiyo murume - Colonel Pelit. mukuru uyu Wehrmacht panguva vakashumira pahondo Tsarist Russia, uye ane zivo kwazvo yomutauro wokuRussia. Uyezve, akashanda Karbyshevo munguva First World War muna Brest-Litovsk.

Old shamwari vakaedza kuwana-siyana nzira kuna Karbyshev. Kana akaramba zvakananga pamwe chete Wehrmacht, ipapo Pelit akaripisa anochinja Somuenzaniso, kushanda sechinhu wenhoroondo uye tsanangura muchiuto mashandiro ari Red Army muhondo ano. Zvisinei, vaitaura kwakadaro kunogona kuita kuti mukuru.

Zvinofadza kuti pakutanga vokuGermany vaida Karbyshev ikamira pamukova musoro Russian Liberation Army, iyo pakupedzisira akatungamirira General Vlasov. Asi kugara asiri pamwe akaita bhizimisi: asi Wehrmacht akasiya pfungwa yake. Zvino Germany vanga vakamirira kanenge kuti musungwa anobvuma kushanda muBerlin somunhu anokosha logistics nyanzvi.

In Berlin

General Dmitry Karbyshev, ane Biography rinoumbwa relocations zvachose, akanga achiri zvinonaka chechingwa nokuda Reich, uye vokuGermany havana vasaora kuwana mutauro nevakawanda naye. Pashure kukundikana muna Hammelburg ivo ashandura mutana ndoga muBerlin uye wakabatanidzwa ikoko kwemavhiki matatu murima.

Izvi zvakaitwa pasi chinangwa kuyeuchidza Karbyshev kuti ave nedambudziko kutyisa chero nguva, kana zvandisingadi iwe pamwe Wehrmacht. Pakupedzisira, musungwa akatumirwa dzendege kokupedzisira. VokuGermany akakumbira kubatsirwa rimwe vanoremekedzwa zvikuru nyanzvi muuto dzavo mapurani. Yakanga Heinz Rubengeymer. Izvi rinozivikanwa nyanzvi pre-hondo nguva, sezvo Karbyshev, kushanda ari monograph pamusoro hwadzo profile. Dmitry Mikhailovich pachake kubatwa naye tichimutya inozivikanwa nyanzvi inoremekedzwa.

Rubengeymer akaita ake ishamwari rinorema mutongo. Kana Karbyshev akabvuma pamwe, aikwanisa kuwana furati kwake private uye rizere zvoupfumi kuchengeteka nokuda chefuma German wehurumende. Mukuwedzera, mainjiniya kupa pachena kuwana mumaraibhurari zvose uye yamabhuku muGermany. Aigona mubasa yokungotaura zvidzidzo kana kuti kushanda kuedza mumunda engineering. Saka Karbyshev akabvumira kuunganidza chikwata nyanzvi-Vabatsiri. Mukuru raizova refutenendi mukuru mune hondo German wehurumende.

Karbysheva Feat ndechokuti akaramba mazano ose muvengi, pasinei zvimwe anosimbirira kwazvo vakaedza. Vanomudzvovera akashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana rokunyengetedza: kutyisidzira, kumeso, zvipikirwa, etc. Pakupedzisira, iye akapiwa yokungotaura basa chete ... Izvozvo Karbyshev kunyange kutsoropodza Stalin uye utungamiriri neSoviet. Chaingodiwa naye - kuva unotenderera vanoteerera munyika yacho Third Reich.

Pasinei nezvinetso zvoutano, uye anoyevedza zera, General Dmitry Karbyshev uye nguva ino akati kungoramba yakasimba. Pashure paizvozvo, utungamiriri German yakapa uye zvakanyorwa kuva murume fanatically vakazvipira Chaaipomerwa nyaya Bolshevism. Shandisai vanhu ava nokuda kwavo zvinangwa Reich vakasagona.

To zvakaoma

Karbysheva kweBerlin akachinjirwa Flossenburg - wevasungwa, iyo dzaitongwa utsinye varayirwa, uye vasungwa pasina dzongonyedzo bhokisi utano zvakaoma. Uye kana zvakadaro basa kunyimwa vakasara mauto vasungwa muduku, unogona kufungidzira kuoma sei zvakaita kuti Karbysheva vakura, chakanga kare makumi manomwe.

Zvisinei, muzana kugara Flyussenbyurge haana kumbogunun'una musasa utariri pamusoro murombo ezvinhu. Pashure pehondo, Soviet Union akaziva mazita magamba, kwete uchaputswa yevasungwa. Maitiro akashinga mukuru akaudza vasungwa vakawanda akashanyira naye mamwe mabasa. Dmitry Karbyshev, mumwe Feat iyo zvinoratidzika zuva, yava muenzaniso wokutevera. Iye vakaroverera netariro mhosva vasungwa.

Nokuda utungamiri unyanzvi General kubva mumusasa mumwe, saka kuti hazvina yabvongodzwa pfungwa vamwe vasungwa. Saka akaenda zvose pamusoro Germany, sezvo gumi nevaviri vasungwa pakarepo "mafekitari rufu".

Ose mwedzi, nhau kubva mberi akatonyanya yambira kuti utungamiriri German. Pashure pokukunda pana Stalingrad, Red Army pakupedzisira aitanga mumaoko avo uye vakatanga counteroffensive kumadokero negwara. Kana kumberi aswedera miganhu pre-hondo Germany, vakatanga kukurumidza kubvisa pamusoro yevasungwa. Staff vaibata nehasha vasungwa, uye ipapo akatizira kunyika. Tsika iyi yakanga hwakapararira.

Kuponda pa Mauthausen

Muna 1945 Dmitry Karbyshev aiva mumusasa wevasungwa wainzi Mauthausen. Austria, yaiva nzvimbo iyi rakaipisisa, akauya pasi kurwiswa nemauto eSoviet.

Kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakadaro anogara mutoro SS stormtroopers. Zvakanga avo akatungamirira hwokuuraya vasungwa. Usiku, Feb. 18, 1945, ivo ndaitora pamusoro vasungwa zviuru, pakati pavo pakange Karbyshev. Vasungwa vakanga nguo uye kunogeza, apo vakanga pasi hova chando mvura. Drop kupisa kunotungamirira chokuti vazhinji kungoti vanoramba mwoyo.

Vasungwa vakapona yechirongwa nokurwadziswa rokutanga, vakapiwa andapeni uye akatumira muruvazhe. Kunze kwaiva chena chando ekunze. Vasungwa wakamanikidza mumapoka maduku. Nokukurumidza vakatanga kudurura moto hosipaipi mvura chete chando. General Karbyshev vamire pachaunga, akakurudzira vamwe vakakoshesa uye havaratidzi woumbwende. Vamwe vakaedza kutiza kwavari kurutivi nechando jets. Vabatwa, vakarohwa pamwe truncheons akadzokera panzvimbo. Pakupedzisira, inenge kuurayiwa, kusanganisira Dmitry Karbyshev. Aiva nemakore 64 okuberekwa.

tsvangurudza Soviet

Okupedzisira maminitsi upenyu Karbysheva pakuzivikanwa kumba anoonga neuchapupu Canadian Major, uyo akakwanisa kupukunyuka yenhamo usiku wazvakaitika kwevasungwa Mauthausen.

Akaunganidzwa scraps mashoko pamusoro kutapwa renhapwa General akataura chaizvo ushingi uye kuzvipira pabasa. Muna August 1946, akanga paakanga afa paakavapa chepamusorosoro mubayiro munyika - musoro Hero of Soviet Union.

Mune ramangwana, yose mugovanisi mamiriro akazarura Zvivako nokukudzwa kwake. Ndirwowo zita General rinonzi migwagwa. Huru Monument Karbyshev zvechokwadi munharaunda Mauthausen. At nzvimbo chirangaridzo rakazarurwa wevasungwa akafa uye mhosva vakatambudzwa. Izvi ndipo pane shongwe. Mhare Great Patriotic War of Soviet Union watambira mumapoka avo ichi vasingachinji zvayo.

mufananidzo wake wakanga kunyanya rakakurumbira yepashure pehondo. Chokwadi chokuti vazhinji vehondo, akakwidzwa mumisasa yevasungwa, zvakanga zvakaoma kuti nyika magamba. Vakawanda vavo vakanga nechisimba munyika kumusha, uye gumi nevaviri zvakawanda uye vaidzvinyirirwa. Mumwe akaturikwa Vlasov nyaya, vamwe vakanga vari Gulag vachipomerwa woumbwende. Stalin pachake aida yakaisvonaka mufananidzo gamba, izvo zvinogona kuva muenzaniso yemberi marudzi Army.

Zvakazoonekwa kuti murume uye Karbyshev. zita rake kakawanda chikamupenyera pamapeji mapepanhau. Popular aiva Dmitry Karbyshev mumabhuku nokuti zvakanyorwa mabasa akawanda. Somuenzaniso, Sergei Vasilyev, yakatsaurirwa kuna General nhetembo "Chiremerera". Chimwe musungwa Mauthausen, Yuri Pilar, aiva munyori ari mifananidzo Biography kuti "Kukudzwa" mukuru.

Zviremera zveSoviet zvakaoma immortalize yacho Feat Karbysheva. Panguva declassified NKVD magwaro anoratidza kuti kuferefeta rufu rake raitwa kudzidzinga uye Zvinorayirwa kumusoro. Somuenzaniso, Canadian Major zviratidzo St. Clair (chapupu rokutanga) vaiva dzisingapindirani uye kururama. Kubva haina kuziva zvakawanda kuti ipapo vashoma Biography Karbysheva.

St. Clair, musi ane uchapupu aiva kutapwa wemufi wemauto, akafa makore mashomanana pashure pehondo kubva yaparadzwa utano. Kana vaongorori Soviet vakamubvunza, akanga atova nechirwere chisingarapiki. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1948 munyori Novogrudski akapedza yepamutemo bhuku kuna Biography Karbysheva. Mairi, akawedzera zvakawanda zvinotaurwa pamusoro St. Clair haana kutaurwa.

Pasina pokuzvidza ushingi maitiro ari vehondo, hurumende yeSoviet vakaedza kuvhara maziso avo kuti zvaitika nevamwe vakuru vakuru vehondo, vakanga vakatambudzwa uye vakaurayiwa nedanda makamuri Gestapo. Vanenge vose kwave vanobatwa hanya "vatengesi" uye "vavengi" pamusoro Stalin wokuti.