Darwin Reserve: umambo peat zviwi

Biosphere reserves - a kusarudzirwa munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa akagadzirirwa achengetedze rwokuzvarwa kuzvipira yokudzora rwokuzvarwa hurongwa. Nature munzvimbo idzi kazhinji isina kumbobatwa "mhuka" kana zvishoma akachinjwa nezvinoitwa nevanhu. Biosphere reserves muRussia, uyewo mamwe marudzi ose nzvimbo kudzivirirwa, zvakazara rakashandurwa mhiri chero zvoupfumi basa. Masangano aya anoshanda mukati kuumbwa the World Program, zvakagadzirirwa kuratidza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ukama pakati murume uye hunhu.

Pakati Russian biosphere dziviriro mapazi inoita basa rinokosha Darwin Reserve. Nhoroondo yacho zvisikwa uye kukura chinoratidza nehanya Reserve, izvo zvinoratidza mamiriro.

Muna 1941, panguva panosangana kumatunhu matatu - Yaroslavl, Tver uye Vologda - yakanga yakavakwa pakati Rybinsk Reservoir. The Great War Patriotic haabvumirwi kutanga pakarepo kudzidza kunokanganisa kwayo kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Asi pakarepo pashure, Muzhizha 1945, zvakananga kuongorora kuchinja mamiriro pasi pokudzora dura, Darwin Reserve rakavambwa.

Nhasi, nzvimbo iyi waidzivirira anofukidza 112.000 ha, chete hafu iyo kuitika munyika; vamwe vakatora yegungwa.

Winter 2002 Darwin kuchengeterwa dziri dzakawanda mazita chinokosha biosphere reserves.

ndima kuchengeterwa - zviri kunyanya nebani pamahombekombe eGungwa Rybinsk, inoratidza Dunes uye elongated, vanyoro, sezvo kana ikaramba ichiserera kure zvikomo: kungoda munhu prehistoric rechando. The swale zvechienzi nyanza, remasangano iyo anonzi Morotskoe vakabata vanenge 700 hectares.

Darwin kuchengeterwa zvinoshamisa zvawo unozvidzora Continental ekunze. Zviri zvakanakisa muzhizha, kana avhareji tembiricha iri + 18 °, kwete chando chaizvo munguva yechando, nokuti chando kupfuura -10 ° hadziwanzowaniki.

Mundima biosphere kuchengeterwa kwakakosha kwayo marshy masango uye anezvimiti, yakabuda anopfuura 17.000 apfuura. Masayendisiti akawana kuti izvi vakaumba anezvimiti uye kunyange Late post-glacial nguva.

Nhasi, dendere wepagore uye dzinoberekera dzakachengetedzwa munzvimbo dzinopfuura 15 mhando zvisingawanzoitiki shiri, kare vanobatanidzwa Red Book. Uchapupu zvinobudirira nokushanda kuchengeterwa vava anenge yakatotsakatika muRussia whooper swans, uyo dzimwe nguva kare akatanga dendere uye erudzi munharaunda yacho kuchengetedza. Mukuwedzera kwavari kuchengeterwa yakatarwa nesting dema Grouse, capercaillie, uye vagari arambe achirema shiri dzamakondo riri kupfuura kumwe munyika.

Panewo miti dzakanyorwa muna Red Book. Paltsekornik Traunshteynera, patapata chairo, epipogium nayo isina mashizha uye dzimwe mhando zvinozorodza dzakachengetedzwa mapazi. Zvinomera chikuru - mupaini masango. Zvisinei, ari kudzika mvura inowana inodziya muzhizha, saka pane vanokura yakawanda miti yakasiyana nemiti Hornwort, sparganium, pondweed uye akapfuma saka kuchengeterwa. Michero: cloudberry, cranberry, Blueberry.

Nokuti evashanyi pamusoro arikunze kwenzvimbo yakarongwa asingandirayiridzi rwokuparidza. Nepo achifamba pamusoro zvinogona kure kuona kubhururuka squirrels, dzomusango, makava, uye dzimwe nguva mashava nemapere. Zvisinei, misangano yakadaro chaizvo ngozi: mhuka vanonzwa kumba uye havadi vaenzi.

The yeparutivi rakarongwa Museum of Nature. Mariri - vakapfuma kuunganidzwa "Russian" pamusoro kungozvifunga, nyika yokutanga papurazi capercaillie.

Asi zvichida kupfuura kwakasanangurwa chitsuwa ndivo peat chengetedza. Pashure Panovhurwa Rybinsk Reservoir peat bogs yakanyura mumafashamo. Kwemakore akawanda, kuti peat zvidimbu kuyangarara pamusoro pemvura uye Akakukurwa kusvikira havana kumborega zvikwenzi kana zvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi peat zviwi zvinomera ipapo, uye kunyange nhasi pane miti.

2000 Darwin kuchengeterwa zvaisanganisira Munyika Biosphere Reserve System.