Francesco Petrarca: Biography, kiyi misi nezviitiko, zvinhu uye

Nyika yose anoziva zvikuru sonnets wokuItaly. Francesco Petrarca, avo munyori, yakanaka mudetembi Italian uye humanist of XIV remakore, akava nomukurumbira muzvizvarwa pamwe okugadzira zvinhu zvavo. Ndizvo nezvazvo uye ichakurukurwa munyaya ino. Pezvatinotaura upenyu, okugadzira zvinhu uye rudo nyaya Petrarch.

Francesco Petrarca: Biography

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo Nyanduri guru Arezzo (Italy) muna 1304, musi 20 July. baba vake - Pietro od water Parenzo Petrakko remadunhurirwa rokuti, aiva Florentine gweta. Zvisinei, kubva Florence, akanga akadzingwa asati aberekwa mwanakomana wake, nekuti bato vakatsigira "chena". Ndiye wakange pasi vanetswe Dante. Zvisinei Arezzo parwendo mhuri Petrarca haana rapera. The vabereki Nyanduri akadzungaira mumaguta Tuscany, haasati yakasarudza kuenda Avignon. Pakazosvika nguva Francesco nemakore mapfumbamwe.

kudzidza

MuFrance, mumakore iwayo chaiva chikoro, mune mumwe wavo uye vakaita Francesco Petrarca. Biography Nyanduri rinobvuma kuti panguva zvidzidzo ake, iye nyanzvi Latin uye awana rudo mabhuku Roman. Petrarch iye kudzidza muna 1319, uye panguva kuomerera baba vake vakatora kudzidza mutemo. Kuti aite izvi, akaenda Montpellier uye muna University of Bologna, kwaakagara kusvikira 1326 - panguva baba vake vakafa. Zvisinei, mutemo asingadi kutifadza Francesco. Akavhomora yakasiyana zvachose nzvimbo - Classic mabhuku.

Uye pashure pokupedza kudzidza kubva yunivhesiti, mudetembi ramangwana, pane kuenda magweta ndakaenda vapristi. Izvi zvakakonzerwa kwokushaya mari - nhaka kubva baba vake akagamuchira manyoro mabasa Virgil.

papa dare

Francesco Petrarca (Biography izvo kunoratidzwa pano) rinopedza paruvanze Avignon Pope uye anogamuchira yakagadzwa. Pano achiriona pamwe simba nokuvonga Colonna mhuri kuyunivhesiti kushamwaridzana imwe nhengo yayo Giacomo.

Muna 1327 Petrarch pakutanga vakaona tenzikadzi wake ramangwana Laura, izvo zvichava neMuse ake upenyu. Kunzwa kuti musikana rakava mumwe zvinoverengeka zvikonzero kubviswa nyanduri muna Vaucluse Avignon.

Petrarch anonzi wokutanga, uyo akakwira kukwirira Mont Ventoux. Pamukwidza kwakaitika April 26, 1336. The rwendo zvaakatiitira munin'ina wake.

Mabhuku mukurumbira uye patronage remhuri Colonna Petrarch akabatsira kuti imba iri mumupata Sorgue River. Pano mudetembi akararama kwenguva kwamakore 16.

Laurel korona

Zvichakadai, nemhaka mabhuku mabasa ake (kunyanya sonnets zvinokosha) Francesco Petrarch akava nomukurumbira. Panyaya iyi, akakokwa kutora rimwe welaurel chishongo (inonyanya mubayiro nokuda nyanduri) kubva Naples, Paris uye Roma. Mudetembi akasarudza Rome, uye muna 1341 rakanga korona pamusoro Capitol.

Pashure paizvozvo Francesco ararama kwerinenge gore mudare Parma mudzvinyiriri Atstso Correggio, uye ipapo vakadzokera Vaucluse. nguva yose iyi mudetembi akarota pamusoro kumutsidzirwa aimbova noukuru eRoma, saka akatanga kuparidza kumukira yeRoma Republic. Maonero akadaro enyika chakazokanganisa ushamwari hwake nyuchi, izvo zvakazoita kuti kwemahofisi kuItari.

New Pope Innocent VI

Francesco Petrarca upenyu kubva pakuzvarwa, uye akapotsa kusvikira parufu rwake rakanga rizere nzendo uye nzendo. Saka, muna 1344 uye mumakore 1347. mudetembi akaita rwendo rurefu kuti Italy, iyo akamuunzira vazhinji vaaiziva, akawanda izvo yakaguma muna ushamwari. Pakati shamwari idzi Italian Ndakatendeuka Boccaccio.

Muna 1353, akamanikidzwa kusiya Vaucluse Franchesko Petrarka. Books Nyanduri Virgil uye chido akamutsa vanoshorwa nemafungiro matsva Pope Innocent VI.

Kunyange zvakadaro, weDhipatimendi Petrarch Florence anofanira kupa, iro nyanduri Zvisinei, akaramba. Akasarudza kuenda kuMilan, apo akatora nzvimbo yake pa ruvazhe Visconti, achiita nedzenyu mishoni. Panguva ino akashanyira kunyange Charles IV muPrague.

mudetembi afa

1361 aizivikanwa Petrarch kuti kuedza kudzokera Avignon, yaiva kubudirira. Ipapo mudetembi akasiya Milan uye muna 1362 iye ndokugara Venice. Pano vaigara mwanasikana wake mubvandiripo nemhuri yake.

Petrarch kubva Venice anenge ose gore kuenda Italy kufamba. Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake mudetembi akararama mudare Francesco Da Carrara. Petrarch vakafira mumusha Arkva usiku 18 kusvika 19 July 1374. Mudetembi havana kurarama kuona 70 rokuzvarwa kwake rimwe zuva. Vakamuwana ari mangwanani. Iye akagara pakudya, akatsivama pamusoro yokuverenga, iyo inorondedzera upenyu Kesari.

periodization kuti okugadzira zvinhu

Akararama sawanikwa uye zvinofadza upenyu Francesco Petrarca (Biography Nyanduri akatibvumira kuti ritsigire ichi). Hakusi zvose zviri nyore uye zvinhu uye ari munyori. Saka, muna mabhuku mabasa Petrarch muzvikamu zviviri: siyana mabasa muchiLatin uye Italian nhetembo. mabasa Latin muri kwazvo munhau kukosha, ukuwo nhetembo mumutauro wokuItaly akaita nyika yakakurumbira munyori.

Kunyange zvazvo nyanduri akatora nhetembo ake ave musoro uye pezvisingakoshi, zvakanga zvisina kunyorwa nekuda bhuku, asi chete kuti zviite mwoyo mudetembi wacho. Zvichida ndosaka kudzama, nokutendeseka uye chiripiripo sonnets of Italian munyori vakasimudzira zvikuru kwete chete pane vakararama panguva yake, asi pamusoro tevera zvizvarwa.

Petrarch uye Laura

On rudo hwose Petrarch uye akafuridzira kuti pave neMuse kukuru anozivikanwa vose vanoda nhetembo. Zvisinei, mashoko pamusoro haisi zvikuru.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti yokutanga nguva akaona musikana April 6, 1327 mukereke Santa Chiara. ipapo Laura aiva nemakore 20 okuberekwa, uye naizvozvo 23 okuberekwa.

Sezvineiwo, hapana uchapupu hwekare pamusoro kana vaiziva, kana musikana akapindura nomutsa kune munyori, uyo upenyu hwake hwose akaramba yangu mumwoyo uye pfungwa chiedza chifananidzo chendarama vhudzi mudiwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, Petrarch uye Laura, kunyange kana manzwiro avo mose, asingagoni kuva pamwe chete, sezvo mudetembi kwave chokuita Ecclesiastical chiremera. A chechi vashumiri havana kodzero yokuroora uye kuva nevana.

Sezvo musangano wayo wokutanga makore matatu Francesco aigara Avignon, muimbire kuda kwaaiita Laura. Panguva iyoyo akaedza kuona kwake mukereke uye munzvimbo umo iye kazhinji akaenda. Usakanganwa kuti Laura aiva mhuri, murume nevana. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu iwayo hakuna nzira kunokanganisa nyanduri, nekuti mutumwa anodiwa akazviratidza kwaari munyama.

Yekupedzisira rokusangana, uye rufu Laura

Maererano nemashoko mabhuku, Petrarch akanga pakupedzisira kuonekwa Mudiwa ake 27 September 1347. Uye mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, muna April 1348, mumwe mukadzi akafa zvinosuruvarisa. Chikonzero rokufa kwake kwakaramba kuzivikanwa. Petrarch aisada kuti urarame nerufu rwake anodiwa, uye nhetembo zhinji zvakanyorwa afa Laura kazhinji yakanyorerwa kwaari ave mupenyu.

A muunganidzwa sonnets vakazvitsaurira kuna "Kantsonere" varo Petrarch muzvikamu zviviri: ". Rufu Laura" "kuupenyu" uye

mudetembi Asati afa akanyora kuti muupenyu hwangu aida zviviri chete zvinhu - Laura uye Laura, kuti kubwinya uye rudo. Uye kana mukurumbira vakauya kwaari achiri mupenyu, kuti aitarisira kuwana rudo afa, izvo zvinogona anobatana Laura nokusingaperi.

Zvinoumba okugadzira zvinhu uye kurwisana pakunamata

Zviri dzakaunganidzwa "Kantsonere" Nzvimbo uye basa Nyanduri iri rokuItari uye nyika mabhuku. Petrarch, ane nhetembo vaiva zvakawanikwa chaiwo nguva yake, pakutanga akasika uri fomu nokuda Italian lyrical mabasa - nhetembo munyori kokutanga akava nhoroondo wacho manzwiro yomukati. Kufarira upenyu yemukati akava hwaro okugadzira zvinhu zvose Petrarch uye vakatsunga kwayo kukuru humanistic basa.

Mabasa aya anosanganisira maviri autobiographies uye Petrarch. Chokutanga, konekwa, ane mashoko zvizvarwa chimiro uye rinotiudza kunze yemunyori upenyu. Chechipiri, ane yekutaurirana pakati Petrarch uye St. Augustine, rinotsanangura upenyu yomukati uye tsika kuparapatika mweya mudetembi wacho.

Hwaro kunetsana uku ndiko hondo pakati anozviramba zvetsika yeChechi uye pachavo nokuchiva Petrarch. Against ichi kumashure unonzwisisika kufarira nyanduri kune chokuita nyaya, kufungisisa akapedza pairi maawa mana: .. "On yemamongi yokufaranuka", "On murenje upenyu," etc. Zvisinei, kukakavadzana Augustine, tichidzivirira hwokuzvinyima-vezvitendero uzivi, anokunda humanistic Petrarch maonero enyika.

Nechechi

Ari kuedza kuwiriranisa dzidziso muchechi chete dzekare mabhuku Petrarch. Poetry Chokwadi, hapana chokuita nechitendero kana kunakidzwa, zvisinei mudetembi vakakwanisa kuramba muKaturike. Izvi kunosimbiswa anoverengeka akadhindwa, uye tsamba neshamwari. Uyezve, Petrarch vaishora zvakasimba scholastics uye vafundisi nguva yake.

Somuenzaniso, "Tsamba pasina kukero" vakazadzwa satirical uye zvikuru unopinza kurwisa uori tsika yacho papa guru. basa iri ine 4 zvikamu, yakanyorerwa akasiyana vanhu - zvose zvechokwadi uye vemungano.

tsoropodzo

Francesco Petrarca, ane basa yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo, kutsoropodza zvose chechi dzinoitwa uye mabhuku yekare. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nyanduri kwaikosheswa dzakabudirira kuzvidzora kufungisisa. Mienzaniso mabasa avo, apo akavaratidza yakafanana ukama nyika, ndedzinotevera: Varwisei chiremba, uyo akaisa sainzi pamusoro achitsetsenura uye nhetembo; kuita pamusoro weChurch, uyo akafanotaura kudzoka Pope Urban V kuRoma; waivako mumwe weChurch, uyo vakarwisa chaizvo mabasa Petrarch.

Kutsoropodza nyanduri chokuita matambudziko yetsika, uye inowanikwawo ake munhoroondo zvinyorwa. Somuenzaniso, muna De rebus memorandis Libri IV - muunganidzwa anecdotes (nyaya) uye mashoko zvawave akakweretwa kubva muLatin uye vanyori ano. Mashoko aya akaronga maererano chokuita misoro vakanga Somuenzaniso, mazita akadai: "O Uchenjeri," "On toga", "On Faith" uye nezvakadaro.

Zvinokosha kuti wenhoroondo dzoupenyu pakati Petrarch ane kwazvo tsamba Nyanduri. Vazhinji tsamba idzi, mune chokwadi, rimwe bhuku iri zvematongerwo enyika uye tsika, vamwe vakaita journalistic nyaya. Ndoda zvinokosha kutaura emunyori, yaakanga wakatomborwira mhemberero siyana.

"Canzoniere" ( "Book rwaSoromoni")

Sezvo nyanduri Francesco Petrarch vakava kuonga yakakurumbira muunganidzwa wake "Canzoniere", izvo zvatataura pamusoro. Bhuku chakatsaurirwa kuna nyanduri kuda Laura. The muunganidzwa rinosanganisira dzinokwana 350 sonnets, iro 317 zvaiva chikamu "Pazuva upenyu uye rufu Madonna Laura." Kwemakore makumi mana, Petrarch sonnets vakazvitsaurira kuna wake waaida.

In lyrical mabasa ake Francesco inoyemura kuchena vokudenga uye ngirozi chitarisiko Laura. Icho nyanduri wacho rakaisvonaka uye dzisingambosvikiki yakanaka. mweya wake rinofananidzwa yakajeka nyeredzi. With zvose Petrarca ichi Rinotarisira kutsanangura Laura somukadzi chaiye, kwete chete somunhu mufananidzo yakanaka.

Nokuti nguva yayo Franchesko Petrarka aiva wokutanga uyo akatanga kuimba ukuru uye kunaka munhu, kuteerera kwete chitarisiko asiwo unhu. Mukuwedzera, mudetembi mumwe havaoni kuti Humanism sechinhu kugutsikana kusika uye mafungiro. Vasati Ndiwe Petrarch Ages dau chete zviri zvemweya, naMwari uye kudenga, uye murume aiita muranda waMwari kukwana uye kukodzera.