Private Military Company: A Review of list, kunyanya basa, muhoro uye wongororo

Munyika dzokuMadokero, asi chinonakidza dzakavandika muchiuto boka, achishingaira kushandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko muhondo uye runyararo. Mazuva ano yatova pachena kuti ndiyo nguva yokufunga uye Kishi nyika pamusoro Implementation zvavo tsika sangano repamutemo ichi uye kuti pave pamutemo framework, achibatsirwa paunogona chengetedza anokosha uye anodiwa bhora ichi.

Zvakangoitikawo kuti hapana private rechiuto kambani sevasingazivi pamusoro mundima Russian, sezvo nyaya dzose mabasa iwayo chete anozviita kuti chindingindingi uye nyika yedu. Asi chokwadi, nyika dzakawanda dziri kuedza kuwedzera rimwe gore uye kukudziridza mumusika dzakawanda ichipa rubatsiro woga ezvinhu ichi. Muchiitiko ichi hatisi kutaura chete pamusoro zvakadini private muchiuto kambani kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa kurwisana chero mishoni, asiwo pamusoro evanhu zvinoumba pakusika normative-pamutemo mabasa munzvimbo iyi.

Nei izvozvo?

Chokutanga, anoonga chidzoke masangano akadaro aigona kubvisa dambudziko nebasa, riri chaizvo nevakawanda vaimbova vakuru veuto Russian, sezvo ivo kwokuenda pashure tichisiya chengetedza. nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro aigona kugadzirisa boka remauto iri voga anazvo, asi nokuda kuchinja Ushumiri Kudzivirira nemasoja zhinji nyanzvi vakatsaurira koshesa chikamu kwavo upenyu utariri basa muchiuto, kumanikidzwa kutsvaka basa, izvo kazhinji hazvigoni chokuita zvavo pakarepo basa. izvi zvose zvinotungamirira vasanyanye zvinonyatsorehwa pamwero wavo mari uye, naizvozvo, kakawanda kuedza zvisiri pamutemo vapfume.

Ukuwo, makambani private muchiuto aigona kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko nokuenda kunze vakawanda nenyanzvi vasina vanokwanisa kuwana basa pashure akaradzikwa kure ari wemari, sezvo dzimwe nyika vanowanzonzwa kudiwa, uye akaratidza kufarira kukwezva ruzivo uye nyanzvi nyanzvi unyanzvi akadaro. Saka, nyika yedu havachavimbi mari uye nyanzvi, uye mari idzi hazvisi diki.

The divi zvemari

Mari kuti aizounza nyika chero private muchiuto kambani (PMC) - nderimwe nharo nokururamisira simba muchifarira kuti zvaizova zvakakodzera kuchinja mutemo pamusoro sumo wavo. Munyika bhajeti vanofanira kugamuchira zvakawanda zvinyorwa zvitsva kuti aigona muzadze kwemari chikamu, ukuwo pamutemo nokuvapo private nemakambani akasiyana kunogona kuunza zvinokosha kwemari. Uyezve, vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti tiri kare kushanda somunhu sangano, asi ivo vari vakanyorwa kunze pamutemo munda weRussia. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mari yavo asingadi kukanganisa hurumende, sezvo kusiyana sei kuti ishande Somuenzaniso, hwevatambi Makambani chete American muchiuto.

Ndezvipi tarisiro?

Handizvo kare neShumiro Defence atora kubva kutanga noruremekedzo kuti chokwadi kuti Russian Federation vanofanira kuumba dura hondo, uye zvikuru anganzi danho rokutanga rakananga chidzoke masangano akadaro. Kune vazhinji dzinonakidza dzakasiyana, akadai specialized mabasa anopa makambani private muchiuto. The mari neimwe nyanzvi pano kunobva mabasa kuitwa kwavari: inokosha nokuronga, akavhiyiwa zvechiuto, mashoko muunganidzwa, uyewo logistical uye operative rutsigiro. Ndokusaka kuitwa mutemo zvakanakisisa nekukurumidza, uye kunonoka, zvingava kururama.

Vanoitei?

Mazuvano pane akawandisa masangano, uye kana isu kutaura pamusoro Kishi nyika, hwevatambi uto kambani "necheSalvic kwedzimba" anomira pakati zvose, izvo zviri pamutemo muna Hong Kong, asi chaizvoizvo zvinosanganisira kunyanya vaimboshanda Mauto siyana uye chinokosha ehondo yaimbova Union. The zvezvinotaurwa mabasa nemasangano zvingasanganisira zvinotevera mitoro:

• Kupa kuchengeteka nezvombo evanhu uye zviri pamutemo masangano, kuchengeteka matanho, iyo rinoungana vazhinji vanhu, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu uye zvakare Implementation-siyana mashoko kuchengeteka matanho. mabasa akadai Somuenzaniso, maererano nechokwadi ruzivo, ivo voga uto kambani iri paaivatambudza Molkino.
• Professional kuchengetedzwa zvivako, ungwaru, rutsigiro mbiru, mazano, Consulting kana zviito nemauto ruyamuro demining.
• Kuita kuvariritira uye nokushanda unyanzvi yetsiva enyika.
• Security panguva zvekufambisa kana kuvharirwa.
• Counseling nokurovedza vashandi yokuchengeteka masangano kana vomunharaunda.
• Kuchengeta kudzivirirwa vakabata kutsigirwa zvizere zvakasiyana siyana zvavo midziyo kubva Pirates, vakabata wenguva kuchengeteka cheki chemafuta gasi pemvura platforms, kuchengeteka piers, ngarava uye platforms dziri mumvura.

Inongova pfupi mazita chii chinogona kuita private muchiuto uye kuchengeteka makambani. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana chokumbofanobata mashandiro uye zvinangwa, zvainanga rutsigiro cargoes uye kuona kudzivirira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvose zviri pachena, kuti vakawanda haisi pachena, shoko rokuti "uto". Havasi vose vanoda kudzidza sei kupinda private muchiuto kambani ndezviya kunzwisisa sei nemasangano anopa mabasa echiuto.

pamutemo

Mumazuva ano nyika tsika atova munhu kumbonyanya guru mazita private makambani nemauto, izvo kuva dzakakura chaizvo uye kwakapararira, kwete chete pane imwe ezvinhu, asi anoita zvose pamusoro nyika. MuRussia, pasinei nokuti zvitupa pamusoro sangano kudaro kusava mamiriro, vave vakakwanisa kuwana midzi tsika, uye munyika, unogona kuwana vazhinji makambani kuti vari Positioning pachavo nenzira iyi.

Mukuona yepamutemo, Russian Makambani private muchiuto kunganzi somunhu paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana (PPP), sezvo vasati kurarama panguva zvemitemo vanochiva asi watopiwa akambochera chaizvo zvirongwa. Panyaya iyi, iyo PPP ane tarisiro mutemo haazorambi chete nechokwadi Kuda kutamba ari mashandiro panguva yeUnited vanochiva asiwo ramangwana achabatsirawo kuti ayo budiriro mhiri Russia.

Zvinosuruvarisa, panguva, kwete chete muAfrica nemhiri kwemakungwa, asi kunyange panguva yeUnited pamwero haina chaizvoizvo kushanda zvigadziriswe zvemitemo dzisingadi, izvo raizoita kusimbisa masangano aya, uye tsvuku muenzaniso uyu ndiye musoro Evgeniy Vagner private muchiuto boka, izvo akasika yayo mamiriro, basa izvo muzvinhu zvakawanda zviri hakunyatsotarisirwi. Kazhinji, izvi zvinotungamirira yakawanda nematambudziko, mukuru pakati izvo muudze anogona kuverengwa pakati vechikamu masangano akadaro pakati varwi kuti chaizvoizvo ane chokuita chokwadi.

Ndoupi musiyano?

Kushaya kunzwisisa izvi kazhinji pave maitiro miviri munyika pane yave private uto kambani Wagner uye ezvirevo zvakafanana.

Kudivi rimwe, kana munhu ane mushandi ane private sangano uye nokudaro tifire chokupika mabasa ake, haasi murwi National Army, iyo mubasa Implementation iri kuti zvakananga murayiro. Ukuwo, unogona kunzi mari, uyo pangozi upenyu hwake nokuda mumwe mari zvemari.

Asi zvinofanira zvakanaka kunzwisiswa kuti mari iri zvachose munhu uyo basa kupinda imwe kurwisana, ukuwo United States nedzimwe nyika, makambani private muchiuto vanomiririra sangano dzakazara, izvo anomhanya zvikuru rakasiyana-siyana mabasa .

Mugore Ruzhinji rwakapindura nyaya pamwe nemasangano kuita chibvumirano kuti pamwe pane chinoramba hwaro, uye nyanzvi mabasa pano chete somunhu mubatsiri kana consultant chipi hwokugadzira uye uto nyaya. Masangano Private vane pamutemo kunyoresa, bumbiro, uyewo inokosha mabhizimisi mamiriro, uye nokudaro tiri nhengo pamusoro transnational makambani, zvokuti avo siyana mabasa kunosvika kwete chete kune uto indasitiri.

Anosarudza panguva bhiri anogona kuparadza zvachose zvakasiyana-siyana kududzira kwenhema, uye zvose zvemarudzi yokufungidzira uye nokudaro kubatsira kutsanangura mirayiridzo inokosha chii vari kusiyana varwi uye PMCs iri urongwa mabasa echiuto. Uye, Chikurukuru, izvozvo ichapa mukana havatsananguri pamutemo yemibvunzo zvechiuto makambani voga kushanda munharaunda mamwe inoti, zvizere maererano nemirau vakawanda vaibvuma uye siyana dzakawanda.

Kana toreva vari zvakakodzera?

Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti kushandiswa private nemauto hurongwa pamusoro chikamu Western nyika, kusanganisira United States, hakutauriki, uye uwandu vashandi, uyewo mari yakawandisa nezvokupindira masangano aya ari kusimba guru. Uyewo, kuwedzera kune Western nyika, zvinoshingaira kukura edzimba nemakambani aidaro China, saka tinogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti kana zviri nani, uye naizvozvo tinofanira kuva zvakasiyana, zvakanaka zvingabatsira kwatiri.

Political nemagariro divi

Uwandu mukurwisana zvakapararira munyika dzakasiyana hwenyika mumakore gumi apfuura, wamuka kakawanda, uye zvingaita zvakanaka kurondwa nhau mumakore achangopfuura. Kazhinji, muuto dzose hapana mikana kupa kwayo nemishonga, inonzi Kudzikamiswa muitiro kana kuchengeta imwe nzira. Uyezve, kushandisa kushandiswa muchiuto, zviremera vanofanira kuziva kuti iyi nyaya pane ngozi kuti zvingava zvakakwana isakarurama akaona munharaunda, sezvo vakawanda vakaita sei nechisimba kune kurasikirwa kunyange musoja mumwe. Kuti dambudziko rakamuka kosi remapazi zvechiuto muBosnia, muChechnya uye Afghanistan.

Nokuda kuti vashandi vane PMCs zvinobatanidzwa muitiro vachirwa achitsigirwa dzose mauto, mukuru nhamba kukuvara uye kurasikirwa zviri ipfupi, uye pane mukana zvaidiwa pakuvhiya kwakawanda kuti zvinoda refu azvipire zvakavanzika. Chikumbiro chavo ichapa hurumende mukana kugadzirisa matambudziko yokumwe mutemo, nokudaro torega chisingadiwi munzanga uye dzakawanda resonance.

Ezvemutauro itsva

Zvakakodzera nemazvo kunzwisisa chokwadi kuti dzinokosha unyanzvi uye nzira basa PMCs ano vari hakungoitwi kunze kwenyika. Saka, Somuenzaniso, inopa mukana mukana mubayiro uye humwe pakurovedza vanachiremba munyika apo aunoda kuitisa pakuvhiya kwakawanda, kuitira kuti aite chaizvo mabasa basa kwavari kutungamirirwa. Kunobatsirawo iyi nyaya zvinoitwa chokuti zvachose hakubvisi dambudziko zvingangoitwa maonero pamusoro chikamu vagari vemo vatorwa, uye nokudaro kusika chikwata izere omunzvimbo nenyanzvi, vaikwanisa nokukurumidza dzokumabvazuva mumamiriro ezvinhu kuti wamuka, Chaizvoizvo, mudzimba dzavo . izvi zvose anowedzera zvikuru rinofanira munguva yemberi iri pedyo, zviremera zvomunzvimbo vachakwanisa kuuya mamiriro pasi pesimba.

Uyezve, vashandi oga makambani, kugara kunze constraints mutemo dzakawanda, anogona kushandisa nzira yavo yakasiyana uye nezvimiro basa, hakungoitwi nechimwe chinhu, sezvo kuri kuitwa competences uye mutemo kushanda yavo vakatsunga chose nokuswedera kukwira zvibvumirano kambani. Kusvika pamwero wakati, ichi kunoita kuti abviswe chero mutoro siyana mutsika uye mumatare mari kubva mushandirwi uye panguva imwecheteyo unokubvumira kuzadzisa chemhando muhondo kushanda. Nokuda pakuonekwa pamutemo masangano Russia ichachinja kwete chete nzira yaishandiswa kushanda rehondo munguva yorugare, asiwo pfungwa zvidzidzo wokumwe negwaro.

Zvakakodzera zvakarurama kunzwisisa kuti kushandisa rakafara zvombo zvinetso zvakadaro vaakasarudza zvinobatsira ano yose makwikwi, uye kuvapo PMCs siyana munzvimbo muhondo kwacho kuchaita yekudyidzana kuwedzera zvido pokudzora kwomudzimu Russian Federation, uyewo kupa pamwe yakawanda muvakutsiri itsva, iyo pakupedzisira huchavandudzika zvinonyatsorehwa mamiriro chinzvimbo.

Chimwe tinogona kushandisa makambani private muchiuto vangada tichishingaira kukurudzira mudzimba midziyo siyana mumisika dzakawanda. Sei? In avo rinoti vakasarudza kutenga michina yedu muchiuto, vashandi oga makambani anogona kupa zvizere basa rayo, kuchengeteka nyanzvi kuti tibu- mazuvaano michina, urongwa Advisory rutsigiro, kurovedza yevashandi uye mabasa nevamwe vazhinji.

upfumi

Kushandiswa PMCs ndiyo mutengo-kubudirira nedanho zvakavanzika uye pfupi vemauto akavhiyiwa zvakare, sezvo zvinhu zvayo uye zvinogonekwa zvaizoshandiswa chete pamusoro chaicho chikumbiro. The State haafaniri kupedza yakawanda mari kuitira kuti unyanzvi uye kutsigirwa kutenga yunifomu varwi munguva yorugare, kana mune zvake vachava nenyanzvi mukuru-pamwero. Kusiyana mureza dzose mauto, pakati nekutumirwa kwemauto iyo inosanganisira kudiwa dhipuroya munhu zvakakwana simba rechiuto kwezvivako mari inodiwa kuhaya yemauto kambani private zviri yakaderera, asi nokuda piecework kuripwa yezvakaita basa rinogona kuitwa chete chesamende Implementation-siyana nemauto kushandiswa.

The peculiarity kuti chikumbiro yavo, pakutanga kwezvose, kuti hurumende hazvireve kuva zvakananga mushandirwi. PMC zvinogona kuvapo aparadzane hurumende zvibvumirano uye kuita Implementation pakati mabasa wakasiyiwa masangano dzakawanda kana zvokutengeserana masangano. Saka, nokuda kumusika rechiuto zvichagoverwa ne- replenishment of bhajeti pamberi zvose kuMudzidzisi ezvinhu ayo inotungamirwa uye basa munharaunda yacho Russian Federation akanaka.