Foshoro murume. yevanhu anatomi chipande

rutsigiro maitiro uye sangano, rinosanganisira mabhonzo, tsandanyama uye nemarunda mumuviri womunhu mashandiro hwose. Marangwanda akaumba rinokosha mhando connective zvinyama masero - osteocytes, ine madhipatimendi anoverengeka. Chinosanganisira dehenya, musana, muchipfuva, uye muchiuno vakasununguka kumugumo ichipa remubatanidzwa mapfupa okumusoro mapazi kune nomuzongoza.

Pepa ichi, tinofanira kuteerera huru nemamiriro evanhu scapula, iyo pamwe chete clavicle anoumba nebhanire okumusoro wamativi. Uyewo tsanangura basa rayo muna marangwanda uye vawane Kunyatsoziva inonyanya zvokurwara.

Structural zviri flat mapfupa

Rutsigiro chikwata unotora mhando dzakawanda pfupa: tubular, yakavhenganiswa uye sandarara. Ivo zvisingapindirani zvose nechitarisiko uye dzakawanda anatomical marongerwo. Somuenzaniso, chiine mapfupa zvinhu anogona kutora chimiro dzakaonda maviri matete, pakati iri paiva keke chiri chirambe chakapfava zvinyama uye yakazara capillaries ane dzvuku wakanyorova.

Hazvina mamiriro ichi ndivo sternum, dehenya chivharo, mbabvu, mapfupa muhudyu uye reza kwevanhu. Zvakanaka kubatsira kudzivirira dambudziko nhengo: mapapu, mwoyo uye major midziyo ropa zvokuimba kuvhunduka uye kukuvadza. Kuwedzera kune zvakawanda planar mapfupa pamusoro nemarunda nemarunda batanidza vakawanda tsandanyama kuti vanoita kunofambira mberi uye vakagwinya unongotaura. A tsvuku mwongo mukati pfupa ndege, anoshanda sezvo huru hematopoietic nhengo, achizivisa corpuscles: erythrocytes, leukocytes uye maplatelet.

yevanhu anatomi chipande

Bone ane chimiro netriangle, pamusoro rwemberi pechiso sternum. Its repamusoro chikamu achekwa unopinza, kuti medial mugove ukashandukira kurutivi nomuzongoza, lateral angled unotora ane articular mhango. It unotora munhu tubular musoro humerus. Chimwe chinhu yokumusoro muzvidimbu bhanhire - clavicle, scapula zvakabatana vachishandisa acromioclavicular rwakashodoka. The akabatana akagura rwemberi pemvura chipande, zvasvika lateral hukawanika vanopfuura kupinda acromion. It riri rimwe mhesano pamwe pakora mapfupa ari pamwe penyika. A kunzwisisa anatomical zviri flat mapfupa zvizere anopa mapikicha scapula kwevanhu kukurukurwa pazasi.

In embryogenesis mapfupa aumba kubva mesoderm. A achangoberekwa chipande Ossificação em hakusi wakakwana, uye osteocytes zvinowanika chete mumuviri uye musana, uye vamwe ane cartilaginous marongerwo (enchondral mhando Ossificação em). Mugore upenyu hwemwana wokutanga pane pfungwa Ossificação em ari coracoid, acromion paya - the lateral kuguma chipande. Complete Ossificação em rinopedzisa makore 18 oupenyu.

Sezvo tsandanyama vasiyana scapula

Huru nzira kubatanidza mapfupa uye tsandanyama ari zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ino - achibatsirwa nemarunda.

Nokuda collagen fibers vanoumba kuguma mugove biceps, kuti ano yaiva pamusoro rokumusoro kumucheto glenoid mhango pakati chipande, ayo musoro hurefu biceps brachii zvakabatanidzwa. Chinonyanya kumucheto ane chete nematambudziko pamusoro uko wanamatira achishandisa mudzira chetsandanyama extensor ruoko mu pafudzi vadyi - the triceps (triceps tsandanyama).

Saka scapula munhu rinobatanidzwa zvakananga flexion uye kuwedzera yokumusoro richiripo uye tiine tsandanyama corset shure. Mapfupa yokumusoro muzvidimbu nebhanhire - clavicle uye scapula zvacho zvakafanana nyika nemarunda, asi chipande ane nhatu pachake tsapo chokuita papfudzi uye acromioclavicular majoini.

zvichireva coracoid

Kubva yokumusoro kumucheto chipande kunosvika chikamu pfupa, inova vakasara coracoid vertebrates uye inonzi coracoid. Zvinonzi rakamiswa pamusoro pamafudzi vadyi chakafanana visor. Nokushandisa Scion nemarunda zvakabatanidzwa musoro pfupi pamusoro biceps uye klyuvoplechevaya uye zviduku pectoralis tsandanyama.

Sezvo chikamu scapula - pfupa romunhu, zvakananga nguva okumusoro kuviri, ari coracoid muitiro paChikoro antagonist tsandanyama vari: biceps uye triceps, uye ukama wayo pamapfudzi tsandanyama kunopa kutapa rokumusoro mutezo kurutivi uchikwira. Sezvinogona kuoneka, asi coracoid muitiro kwakakosha munyika nemamiriro chipande. Ndeipi anatomical kwakabva ndiyo?

Coracoid wayo muchinangwa phylogeny pamusoro vertebrates

Kare, takakurukura chokwadi kuti dzimwe nguva rokumusoro muzvidimbu zvinosanganisira aiwanzopiwa wokushanda clavicle uye scapula. Man hwakasiyana nemamwe vertebrates Somuenzaniso, shiri, zvinokambaira, hove uye amphibians, kuti rutapudzo kuti zizi mapfupa - coracoid. Rinobatanidzwa ne nokubudiswa yokumusoro kumugumo muviri kunzwisisa uye dzakasiyana mashandiro muchimiro gwenya Mujaho, ndege, kufamba, kana kukambaira. Naizvozvo, kuvapo pfupa wechitatu forelimb bhandi vakava seisingashandi. Crow pfupa murume ipfupi, chete chikamu hwaponeswa - the coracoid muitiro, rwakazokura chikamu chipande.

Zvokurwara nemafupa yokumusoro richiripo bhanhire

Vakawanda anomaly kuti chipande kwevanhu mamiriro zvakaguma sezvo kutyorwa organogenesis muna utero, kana somunhu kuomesa mushure dystrophic tsandanyama kukuvara kana neuroinfections. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, bapiro-Vanes chirwere richinzi kana kwokunze kuzviongorora murwere uye pamusoro radiograph.

The chirwere achabatsirwa vanotsungirira marwadzo ari pafudzi uye chipfuva somugumisiro nokukurumidza dzichiri neuropathy. Kuregererwa kunoitika achiita zvaidiwa kurapwa - matanho: dosed panyama mutoro, masaja, anokosha muviri nokuti pamafudzi tsandanyama uye shure.

Chimwe zvokurwara - vachiberekwa mukuru yakamira scapula (Sprengel chirwere). anomaly iri pamwe chete kutyora nemamiriro vertebrae, anatomical kuremara yembabvu Somuenzaniso, avo coalescence kana kukwana asipo. Pane zvimiro zviviri chirwere: one- uye maviri ane mativi symmetry nokuputsa mashizha.

Saka, pamwe bilateral maronda ose chipande kuruboshwe riri kupfuura zvakanaka. The anomaly ndiyo degeneration kuti myocytes ari makuru ngozi tsandanyama: trapezius uye rhomboid - huru neduku. Maonero akanaka angatarisirwa kubva kuvhiyiwa, akabata mwana kusvika makore 8 okuberekwa, vari pazera kwapera kunorapwa haapari nokuda mukuru ngozi yematambudziko, dzisina physiotherapy uye masaja.