Ndeipi uchitsanya chitima munyika? Kasira vawane michina kubva 500 km / h

Travel rails anenge pakarepo pashure nokugadzirwa pamusoro locomotive yaiva uchitsanya nzira kukurira marefu uye izvi kwakatora anopfuura zana. Chete XX remakore, yava nguva motokari uye avhiyesheni, ukuru ichi hwakadenhwa. Asi Engineering pfungwa hazvirevi mira, uye itsva nokukurumidza, umo vakawanda ruzivo zvakagadzirwa Aerospace kushandiswa nhasi zvingabudirira kukwikwidzana mune agility nevamwe modes yokufambisa.

Race pamusoro nezvitima

Technical makwikwi pakati nyika kunoratidzirwa munzira dzakasiyana, kusanganisira mukuedza kusika uchitsanya chitima munyika. Hutungamiri munhangemutange iyi mugovane okupedzisira emakore Japan, France uye Germany, asi nokukurumidza kusimudzira maindasitiri uye masayendisiti chawo munyika vokuAsia anopa chikonzero chokudavira kuti China uye South Korea achakurumidza kushora tsika vaburitsi. Kuwedzera kwezvoupfumi feasibility, mhinduro mubvunzo pamusoro kuti nechitima mhando ndiyo uchitsanya, anosarudza nemugwagwa uye kunyange enyika mukurumbira wenyika, sezvo ari pakati XX remakore, vatungamiriri venyika kutyira pamusoro nzvimbo yokutanga. Kufanana kunosimudzirwa saturation rwokugadzirwa Newest njanji muzvirongwa.

Technical matambudziko avo mapedzero

Chero pasi Kukurumidza motokari rine parinoperera yakakwirira kwevari kukweshera, windage uye kuchengeteka zvinhu. All zvitatu izvi ezvinhu vanotova sezvisingakundiki ruzha, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti matambudziko avo hazvigoni kuderedzwa. Ndege vagadziri akawana ruzivo mukusika aerodynamic siyana, monorail uye rinobva levitation michina - Ndivo nzira huru iyo creators vaenda njanji ano. High-nokukurumidza nezvitima kuriritira kushanda avo zvisingatomboiti njanji nezvemakwara kana zvimwe zvikuru akaisa overpasses. Scientific budiriro mumunda wefizikisi pakati remagineti akasika zvinhu nokuda pokushandisa matsva ruzivo kuti chaizvoizvo dzibhururuke pamusoro njanji.

New Japanese njanji

kuti uchitsanya chitima kununura vaenzi kuti mitambo zvivako munyika akasikwa pamberi Tokyo yeOlympic muna 1964. zita rayo "Shinkansen" rinoshandurwa kubva Japanese se "njanji mutsva", uwandu rakanga raitwa achitevedza Continental mureza. Nokukurumidza kunofadza, panguva iyoyo aiva zvakazonaka. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo chitima yakatanga 270 km / h, vachibvumira iwe kuti kuna Osaka mumaawa matatu. Chirongwa zvakazoonekwa kuti kudhura zvikuru, asi zvakashanda mumakore matatu. Huru dambudziko raiva kusika mukuru-zvakarurama njanji mutsetse, asi pakanga zvimwe zvekushandisa matambudziko, izvo akagamuchira chisarudzo yepakutanga.

Japanese uye French makwikwi

Kasira zvinyorwa pakutanga manonwe, akakuya French. TGV chitima anofamba ari kumhanya dzinopfuura 330 km / h, iyo pari vaiona ndozvakajairwa hworudzi urwu zvifambiso. Asi wakatendeuka kuti Japanese chirongwa «Shinkansen» ane inokosha hwokugadzira maitiro chero unyanzvi ezvinhu, kureva mukana nadzurudzo. Mukana kuvandudza zvibvire kuchengeta ushasha. The Mhedziso nyika Nhoroondo 581 km / h, indekisi ichi chinoratidza mumwe, kuti kurongwa zita Shinkansen "bara". To musi, kweinenge hafu yezana remakore pashure pakutanga kufamba pamusoro mutsetse Osaka-Tokyo, ndiye uchitsanya chitima munyika.

Zvinodzidziswa French akabudirira?

Pasinei vemazera (akanga basa muna 1971), mashoko French "Grand Vitesse» TGV zvakasimba anobata nzvimbo yechipiri. Asi, kufanana vatambi, zvitima kuoneka mune mhando dzakasiyana. Muna 2007, ndiko chishamiso zvigadzirwa yokubudisa kuti rekodhi kukurumidza kusvika 575 km / h. ukoshi Izvi muduku kubudirira pakati Japanese ishamwari asi chokwadi chokuti rinobva kuturika magadzirirwo womuenzaniso TGV Pos haina kushandiswa. Nokudaro, French aiva chitima - uchitsanya chitima wenyika, ichifamba kwakajairika njanji. Pane imwe nyaya iri motokari iri rakasiyana nemamwe: kureba kwayo - mamita anenge 400. Ndicho guru chitima munyika tonnage pakati nokukurumidza.

Chinese "German"

Vakatakurwa Vols kusvika pa Shanghai Airport anogona kusvika guta mumaminitsi. "Maglev" zvakananga chinouraya ndicho vanorega yacho chitima. Kuwana kubvisa trapa- "bunching" uye kunoteverwa chihombe chivakwa chinouraya vanosvika kupinda mumotokari, ayo mukati haana kumbosiyana kubva transcontinental jetliner: zvakafanana zvigaro ndege, uye kunyange stewardesses vakanaka. Daro kuchiteshi hwunopfuura 30 makiromita, izvozvo Unokunda chitima ino anenge manomwe maminitsi. The scoreboard iri kuiswa kumusoro komukova mukova, zvinokwanisika kuti arambe ari kumhanya pashure akapfuudza kumhanyisa kusvika 500 km / h masikati. Night achitaura chitima runoita zvishoma nezvishoma (430 km / h), izvi nokuda kuchengeteka zvikonzero. Sezvo zita rinoreva, mvongamupopoto simba vagadziri rokukurira rinobva levitation. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, pasinei kwayo Chinese «dzokugara», Shanghai Maglev Train ane midzi German. It akasikwa muGermany, asi Transrapid chekambani vanachiremba dzakabudirira uye mamwe matunhu-nokukurumidza nezvitima munyika. SMT womuenzaniso, rwakazokura hwaro Shanghai "Maglev", kunyorwa kwenyaya maererano zvido mutengi. The yokufamba mune chishamiso ichi ruzivo rakanyatsojeka democratic - Currencykuva 40, inova US madhora anenge mashanu.

Asi zvakadini nesu?

Kufambira mberi Russian pamatunhu-nokukurumidza njanji kusvikira anosiyana nemwero. 250 km / h, iyo anovandudza "Sapsan", achangobva sokuti tarenda mugumisiro, asi pamusoro pakanyorwa nebudiriro vaitungamirira vagadziri hazvisi hunoshamisa. Uyezve, pasinei Russian zita, zviri vemamwe mavambo, yakaitwa kuGermany, nyika yakakurumbira kambani Siemens. The pamusoro gumi Express ichi kukunaya pakati St. Petersburg uye Moscow, haana kuiswawo. Hazvizivikanwi kuti munguva pfupi iri vagadziri Russian vanoedza kusika uchitsanya chitima munyika. Development mari tikaisa ndiri makuru, asi kufanana kwezvivako achaita mari zvakawanda. Zvisinei, Russia anoramba mukuru simba njanji, uye pamusoro zvachose kureba nzira, uye zvifambiswe Vhoriyamu zvinhu uye mutakurwi motokari. Saka nguva achakuudza.