Dzidzo dzepamusoro nemhando dzemassie: kufanana uye kusiyana

Mumwe wevagari vekare-kare vepasi redu mhando dzakawanda dzemarudzi uye mashizha anofukidza nzvimbo huru. Iyi miriwo inobatanidza ukama nehurume, asi kune kusiyana kukuru pakati pavo.

Lichen is symbiosis ye fungi uye algae. Algae inokura pakati pefungal fiber. Ichi chimiro chemuviri wakachenesa chinobvumira muti kuti usvike unyoro uchibatsirwa nemafuta ehowa uye kugadzirisa zvicherwa zvakagadziriswa mukati maro muzvinhu zvinokonzerwa nehutu hwegorosi. Inofananidzwa nemasese, mazhenya anonyanya kuzvininipisa, asi anokurumidza nokushayikwa kwemhepo uye kufa musipo kwechiedza.

Mosses inoda shave nemvura, iyo inoyamwa kubva pasi nemagadzirirwo anokosha e-filamentary - rhizoids, inoita semidzi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasese dzine zvivako zvakasiyana, asi zvose zvinowedzera ne spores. Mvura inoita basa rinokosha pakubereka, nokuti iri nerubatsiro rwayo kuti spores dzevarume vanoenda kune zygote dzevakadzi uye dzinosvibisa.

Mhando dzose dzemasere dzinobereka pamwe nechepakati pekutanga - kuumbwa kwe-asexual plants - protophyte, asingakwanisi kubereka, iyo iyo capsule ine spores inobereka. Somugumisiro weeiosis, iyo spores inomera uye inogadzira protoneme - chimiro chemafuta, iyo inotevera inoshanduka kuva musikana wechikadzi kana murume - gametophyte. Nokudaro, kune kumwe kushandiswa kwechizvarwa chepabonde ne asexual.

Zvinomera zvinosanganiswa zvinowanzogadzirwa zvikamu zvitatu:

1. Anthocerot. Mhando dzemasses edzikirasi dzinosanganisira zvinopfuura mazana emarudzi, nzvimbo huru yekuparidzirwa ndiyo inotyisa. Anthocerotic mosses ine sarudzo yakasiyana-siyana - nhengo dzepabonde dzinowanikwa mumucheto wakadzika wemiti, iyo inonzi rosette, iyo inofamba inofanana nemapurogen akashongedzwa, ane eletars - tsvina dzinokurudzira kupararira kwe spores.

2. Mhuka dzemaHepatic, dzinomiririrwa ne subclasses marshansievye uye yungermannievye. Chikoro chekutanga chekutanga chinosanganisira michero ine gametophyte inogona kuve yakasiyana-siyana mufomu uye ine imwe yemafuta yakasanganiswa, uye sporogen inokosha uye isina ye septa. Zvitsva zvechikamu chechipiri zvine majoka akawanda emafuta uye zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana mumhando ye gametophyte. Zvisikwa zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinotyisa uye pasi.

3. Listostebelnye. Mhando dzeMosses of deciduous type number makumi emakumi makumi ezviuru (anenge 95% evanhu vose) uye inosanganisira zvitatu zvidzidzo: brieves, sphagnous uye andreev. Kune andreev michina miduku yemavara-mutsvuku, inomera pamatombo. Nokuda kwe sphagnum, kuvapo kwepakananga uye sporogon muchimiro cheputikiti capsule chiratidzo. Brass mosses dzakasiyana zvakasiyana, asi miti yose ine meno chaiwo ekudzivisa zvipembenene.

Miti yose yakaoma yakawanda mumasango nemasango, kumaodzanyemba. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyokuti moss kukushkin flax, sphagnum, uye leukobryri - moss mhando, mifananidzo yeiyo inowanikwa mumabhuku makuru akakura uye mumifananidzo yekuunganidza.

Mosses inobatsira zvikuru pakuumbwa kwebiocenoses uye mukuumbwa kwepeat, iyo inoshandiswa mumhizha. Kuti ugadzire munda, nzvimbo inoshandiswa, iyo iri nyore kukura payo pachayo, mbiriso, shuga, kefir uye chero chikamu chemiti.