The chikuru mhando kwemakemikari zvisungo; nei uye sei vari akaumba

Mitemo kuti ave fuma kwenguva refu akapedza unsolved chakavanzika munhu. The venguva dzidziso mabhomba zvisungo zvaipirwa kudoka - muna 1916. Kubvira ipapo, pfungwa masayendisiti 'kunge wakashanduka-shanduka. In Zvinotaurwa, hapana chitsva kubva ipapo haana akazarura, uye mhando kwemakemikari zvisungo ikozvino kuziva mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe, uyo kanenge anoedza kudzidza. Zivo iyi vamwe Ages masayendisiti vakatengesa mweya yavo.

Saka, pane chikuru mhando kwemakemikari zvisungo uye mamwe rinonzi simba mukukurukurirana. Dzimwe nguva Zvisinei, kukosha, semuenzaniso, pakugadzirwa puroteni mamiriro. The Mhando chikuru kwemakemikari zvisungo zvinosanganisira covalent uye Ionic uye kunyange simbi.

Ngatitange pamwe covalent. Zviri kwavari Gilbert Lewis uye akapa yake yokutanga dzenhoroondo dzidziso makemikari chisungo. Chii yokuti musayendisiti ichiri kukamura uchishandisa? The covalent chisungo aumbwa nokuti akasungirwa muchimiro munyika kwemaatomu inotengwa zvishoma simba pane singly maatomu. Uye ichi ndicho chinokosha kemisitiri. Mumwe hurongwa ndehwokuti kubvisa kufadza huwandu simba. Munguva paumbwe covalent chisungo, nechimwe tichibatanidza maatomu zvinobatsira kuti kusikwa papi. Saka, imwe kwokunze yemagetsi pamwero wakazara, zvacho ane kunaka mutariri zvakaitika "vakawanda kushandiswa."

Types kwemakemikari Zvisungo rakakamurwa subtypes. Somuenzaniso, imwe covalent chisungo kazhinji vasiri polar - semuenzaniso, pakati maatomu akafanana makemikari maatomu akafanana. Saka kuumbwa gasi mamorekuru akadaro senitrogen, fluorine, rehydrogen. Erekitironi peya "vanhuwo muridzi" ndiyo geometrically nechepakati. Kunyange zvakaoma kutaura, nekuti netsvakurudzo kuti Erekitironi nzira kwakaoma zvisingaiti kufungidzira.

Chimwe chinhu - zvisungo pakati maatomu dzakasiyana zvine maatomu akafanana. Somuenzaniso, muna richibatanidza fluorine uye rehydrogen maatomu zvakafanana hwemvura iri spatially pedyo mumwe maatomu, kureva - kuti fluorine. ukama Ndicho polar zita.

Asi maatomu havasi nguva dzose "kutendeseka kupa zvakafanana kuti" paumbwe dhipoziti. Zvangoitikawo kuti mumwe maatomu zvakananga inopa maerekitironi maviri, uye wechipiri - muchadenga kuti vawane izvo zvinoenda zvavo kushandiswa. Sei zita hunhu ikoku? Anenge apa wacho anoderedzerwa-acceptor marudzi kukurukurirana. The Ammonium Ion anogona kuva muenzaniso wakanaka. Three rehydrogen maatomu vanobatanidzwa kwakajairika polar covalent zvisungo, uye vanosara vakasununguka peya maerekitironi ose senitrogen anogona chinopfuudzwa mu kugoveranwa kushandiswa neimwe rehydrogen atomu. Kunyange zvakadaro, kubatana kwakadaro sechinhu covalent, nokuti nzvimbo yakawedzera Erekitironi arambe achirema pakati maatomu vari.

Ndezvipi zvimwe mhando kwemakemikari zvisungo zviripo? Ionic chisungo chiripo pakati nezvimedu vane mhosva yakasiyana. Simba kukwezvana zvinhu ukama ichi kunobva chete ari kure runodziganhura, uye pamusoro dzidziso - yakazvimirira. Apo pane Links zvakadai? Chokutanga, mu crystalline zvinhu - alkalis, carbides, munyu, nitrides, dzinokosha oxides. Kana nokuo- nga uye anion akafanana kukura, kubatana ndiro zvikuru kugadzikana. Vamwe mishonga vanowanzotevedzera kufunga nezvezvakanga mhando iyi ive yokunyanyisa nyaya imwe polar covalent chisungo. Asi chinhu moot pfungwa, nokuti Erekitironi arambe achirema ichiri kunyatsoti pedyo nhingi mhosva nokuo- nga.

The esimbi chisungo rinowanzova akasiyana zvikuru nemamwe marudzi namakemikari zvisungo. Sezvo hakusi chete nemamwe mishonga asi panyama chaiyo chaiyo. Chokwadi kuti paumbwe maerekitironi pokuita kutaurirana maatomu. Uye avo achitaura kufamba anotsanangura mukana zvikuru conductive zvemagetsi kuitika mune simbi. Saka atomu ose ari yekamuri yacho kunoita kuti chisungo.

Sezvo wava pachena kubva tsananguro kumusoro, mhando kwemakemikari zvisungo Munokudzwa chaiyo nokuda nheyo inotungamirwa yavo.