Age periodization pamusoro D. B. Elkoninu

Nokuti zvepfungwa ano haichawanikwi pachivande ndechokuti munhu mukufamba kwaro kukura uye inotungamirwa anoenda kuburikidza dzakatevedzana mumatanho, izvo vakasiyana mumwe ne zvese:

• panyama;
• pfungwa;
• zvokunamata;
• nevakangwara kukura.

Nemamwe mashoko, kukura kwacho achabatsirwa zvimwe zvachinja kushanda kwemuviri, iyo anobvumira kusiyanisa imwe nhano nomumwe. Uye kuchinja izvi zvine simba kubatana pamwe zera. Pfungwa iyi inonzi zera periodization.

Pamabasa ake, nyanzvi dzakawanda uye vatsigiri kubva padanho iri zvepfungwa periodization: Freud, L. S. Vygotsky, D. B. Elkonin. Nyaya iyi ichakurukurwa muudzame chaizvo zera periodization Elkonina D. B. - inonyanya kufarirwa mukati ano mumhuri zvepfungwa.

Russian musayendisiti dzidziso kwaibva pakuti mumwe Danho okukura unoenderana imwe mhando hune basa (WA) (ichi chinoreva zera, mupfungwa uye mumuviri pamwero pakukura). Apo munhu hune basa zvinonzwisiswa sezvo chiitwa umo mune kuzviwanira chepfungwa hurongwa hutsva.

Periodization zera budiriro wakatangwa na D. B. Elkoninym somumiririri tsika-nhoroondo dzidziso L. S. Vygotskogo, ane nhamba hwounhu uye anokosha pfungwa. Development of unhu, inotungamirirwa ayo uye nokuda kuramba evanhu nekuita. ngaavongwe chete evanhu nekuita uye anobatsira mabasa mwana hwapedyo mupfungwa. Mumagariro vakaumbwa dzevakurukuri mukuru uye mwana (kunyange kana zviri pamusoro kudzidza kushamwaridzana mwana zvinhu, zvakadai, somuenzaniso, danho rechipiri, inonzi "muduku") anobvumira ekupedzisira sananga kupinza evanhu miganhu, nezvetsika, mabasa, pfungwa chiito, etc.

Saka, zera periodization mu yechinangwa dzidziso D. B. Elkonina akakamurwa 6 nzendo:

1. Infant. Up kusvika 1 gore. Mukusarudza vana basa (hereinafter HP) vechizvarwa ichi kukurukura nevakuru. Mwana anodzidza kushamwaridzana nevamwe, pakutanga kwezvose, naamai vangu kuburikidza nemasaini, chiso chavo uye ruzha. Yepedyo kutaurirana manzwiro kunoita kuti utange ukama zvoupenyu mwana kuburikidza mai vake, iye anoziva pachake uye nyika, anodzidza sei uye kutaura.
2. Achiri muduku. Kusvika 3 years. Muupenyu mwana zvinhu kuoneka. Vanogona kubatwa, dzichiruma, nokuputsa, etc. Saka, mwana anoziva kuti anogona kuchinja nyika yakatipoteredza, kuchinja, kunyanya vaya zvinhu kuti anowanikwa rova. Panguva iyi, nekukudziridza kutarisana-basa mafungiro imhaka kuchinja zvinhu.
3. Preschool zera. Kusvika makore 7. HP iyi - basa-nokutamba mutambo, umo vana kudzidza kutaura nemumwe, dzidza kuteerera uye kutevera mitemo. Panguva iyi, panewo kudiwa paruzhinji mubereko basa, pane chido chichibatsira, kushandira pamwe.
4. Primary zera chikoro. Kusvika makore 11. VD-achidzidzisa mwana-mudzidzi anodzidza kudzora maitiro avo maererano zvinodiwa uye mitemo vakabvuma. Anova ane zvemasanga (kugara dhesiki kwemaminitsi 30, achiteerera mudzidzisi uye kwete kutsauswa), kuzvidzora (kumbosendeka mutambo uye kuita homuweki yako) uye munyika kuita (kuvaka nzira kuti rechikoro).
5. Adolescence. Kusvika makore 15. VD-kutaura vezera. Chido kuwana pachake nzvimbo iri chikwata. Rinooneka nokuzviremekedza - kuti, sezvo kuyaruka anoona pachayo iri pakanyorwa shamwari dzavo, boka, boka, rinoenzanisa pachake nevamwe. The chikuru kudiwa - kuva chikamu boka, kuwana kwake rutsigiro, kunzwa kubatana.
6. Adolescence. Kusvika makore 17. Panguva iyi pfungwa vakomana nevasikana nechinangwa kunzwisisa mberi basa, yoku- pakusarudza nzira yavo youpenyu. Nokuenzanisa zvichibvira kusarudza kuti kukura zviitiko pashure chikoro. Guys kazhinji kubvunza, "Ndianiko kuita Ndinoda kuva Chii Ndinoda kuita basa mhando Zvakanaka kwandiri ???" WA - inodzidzisa uye nyanzvi. Pane mutoro ramangwana ravo.

Dzakabudirira D. B. Elkoninym zera periodization unokubvumira kunyatsonzwisisa kukurudzira mwana mumwe nomumwe zera kubatsira vabereki uye vachengeti kupa nomoyo zvakakodzera kuti pahunhu.