Gas Exchange ari zvemapapu nyama uye sei vari?

pane kufema gadziriro kuitira masero, nyama uye nhengo okisijeni mumuviri womunhu. Inoitwa zvinotevera nhengo: nasal mhango, nasopharynx, dokeriro, trachea, principales uye nemapapu. Munyaya ino, tichaongorora maumbirwo awo. Uye zvakare funga gasi Exchange mune nyama uye nemapapu. Dudza zvainyanya nechitarisiko afemeruke kuitika pakati mumuviri uye mhepo, uye yomukati ichiyerera zvakananga panguva cellular chechetere.

Nei yatinofema?

Vanhu vakawanda havana kuzeza kupindura: kuti oxygen. Asi havazivi nei tichizvida. mhinduro dzakawanda nyore: yakachena inodiwa kufema. Zvakaratidza chikara denderedzwa. Kuiputsa, isu kuchabatsira nemakemikari omuviri kuti vanodzidza cellular muviri.

Bright pfungwa vanodzidza sainzi ichi, vave refu vakasvika pakugumisa kuti okisijeni nechikoro kuti munyama uye zvomukati, oxidizes makabhohaidhiretsi, kwemafuta uye mapurotini. Izvi unobereka murombo simba remubatanidzwa: carbon dioxide, mvura, amoniya. Asi chikuru ndechokuti somugumisiro siyana idzi synthesized ATP - waifarirwa simba fuma rakashandiswa sero nokuda kwayo anokosha. Tinogona kutaura kuti gasi mukutsinhana ari zvemapapu nyama uye akarurama uye achanunura muviri wayo ezvirevo zvinodiwa oxidation reokisijeni.

The mashandiro negasi Exchange

Rinoreva kuvapo zviviri zvinhu, ane kuparadzirwa mumuviri chinopa metabolic kwendangariro. Kunze ichangobva kutaurwa okisijeni gasi mukutsinhana mumapapu, ropa uye zvinyama kunoitika nemumwe remubatanidzwa - carbon dioxide. It chakaumbwa zvinoitwa dissimilation. Somunhu chepfu fuma Exchange, inofanira rakabva cytoplasm nemasero. Ngationgororei izvi zvizere.

Carbon dioxide chinopinda kubudikidza diffusion kuburikidza sero Kamudzira kupinda interstitial mvura. Kubva anopinda neropa capillaries - venules. Uyezve midziyo iyi batanidza, achiumba rezasi uye yokumusoro vena cava. Ivo unganidza ropa zvakazara CO _2. Uye anoritungamirira kupinda zvakanaka atrium. Tiine rutapudzo rwaro chikamu venous ropa anopinda zvakanaka ventricle. Pano anotanga zvemapapu (diki) kutenderera. Basa rake ndiko saturate ropa pamwe okisijeni. Venous pulmonary arterial anova. A CO _2, akavapindurawo, zvinobva ropa uye akabvisa kunze kuburikidza ari kufema hurongwa. Kuti tinzwisise kuti izvi zvinoitika, tinofanira kutanga kudzidza maumbirwo mumapapu. Gas Exchange mumapapu uye nyama rinoitwa rinokosha maumbirwo - the Formação de uye capillaries.

Sechivako mumapapu

It aiwanzopiwa wokushanda nhengo iri pachipfuva mhango. The akasiya zvemapapu ane lobes maviri. Right zvakakura ukuru. Rine lobes matatu. Nepamagedhi chiedza zvinosanganisira principales maviri, izvo bazi kuti vaumbe anonzi muti. Maererano mapazi mhepo kunoita panguva inhalation uye nedzinovengwa. On diki, kufema bronchioles vakaronga matema - the Formação de. Ivo aunganidzwa mune acini. Avo, uyewo, vanoumba pulmonary parenchyma. Zvakakosha kuti chinu nerimwe raiva kufema chaizvo enmeshed rirambe richibvira richikurukura zviduku kufamba kweropa. Profit bazi pulmonary arteries kugoverwa venous ropa kubva kurudyi ventricle, iri kuendeswa kupinda lumen ari Formação de carbon dioxide. A efferent pulmonary alveolar venules vanobviswa dzedenga okisijeni.

Arterial ropa runoyerera kuburikidza pulmonary mutsinga kuti atrium kuruboshwe, uye kubva ipapo - kupinda yeropa. Its bazi arteries vanopa masero muviri zvakakodzera kuti munyika okisijeni kufema. Zviri Formação de rimwe venous ropa anova arterial. Naizvozvo, gasi mukutsinhana ari zvemapapu nyama uye kufamba kweropa kuitwa pamusoro diki uye kutenderera zvakananga. Izvi imhaka rinoramba tsandanyama sunga nomwoyo mukamuri masvingo.

zvekunze afemeruke

It Anonziwo pulmonary kufefetedza. Ane kupanana mhepo pakati kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza uye Formação de. Physiologically yakarurama inhalation kuburikidza mhino mugove inopa muviri mhepo nziyo: vanenge 21% O _2, 0,03% CO ₂ uye 79% senitrogen. Maererano pneumatic nzira kwayo anopinda Formação de. Vane mugove mhepo yavo. sezvamunoita wayo sezvinotevera: 14.2% O _2, 5.2% CO _2, 80% N _2. Mweya, exhale sezvo yaidzorwa nenzira mbiri: huta uye humoral (Kuwanda carbon dioxide inobvisa). Ndapera nokuda kweiyi ari kufema pakati medulla oblongata, tsinga nomunhu zviri chakasvitswa kune kufema intercostal tsandanyama uye diaphragm. The Vhoriyamu thorax inowedzerawo. Nomumapapu, tinyerere kutamira mushure sunga pechipfuva mhango, vari kuwedzera. Air kumanikidzwa mairi kunova kuvatumwa mumhepo kumanikidzwa. Naizvozvo, mugove mhepo kubva yokumusoro kufema turakiti anopinda Formação de.

The nedzinovengwa kunoitwa pashure mweya. Zvinonzi pamwe kuzvivaraidza pamusoro intercostal tsandanyama uye kumutsa chematenga yacho diaphragm. Izvi zvinotisvitsa vasanyanye zvemapapu vhoriyamu. Mhepo kumanikidzwa mavari kunova superatmospheric. Zvino mhepo ane nekumwisa carbon dioxide inobvisa rinobuda muna bronchioles. Uyezve, muna chokumusoro kufema turakiti, unofanira kuva nasal mhango. The Zvinoumba patinofemera kunze mhepo sezvinotevera: 16.3% O _2, 4% CO _2, N ₂ 79. Panguva iyi, kwokunze gasi exchange. Pulmonary gasi Exchange, akatakurwa Formação de anopa masero pamwe okisijeni zvakakodzera kuti pezviri afemeruke.

cellular afemeruke

Paakataura catabolic metabolic siyana uye simba. pezvakaitwa aya vakadzidza nemakemikari omuviri, uye anatomi uye physiology. Gas Exchange mumapapu uye nyama uye correlated pamwe nemumwe hazvibviri pasina. Saka, kunze kufema interstitial mvura rinopiwa okisijeni uye kunobvisa carbon dioxide inobvisa nawo. A wechipfuwo, kunze zvakananga muchitokisi zvayo organelles - mitochondria izvo nechokwadi oxidative phosphorylation uye ATP kwetunhu, anoshandisa okisijeni nokuda azvaiitwa.

Krebs kutenderera

Ko tricarboxylic iine acid kutenderera zvichitungamirira masero kufema. Kunoita pamwe chete uye anoona norudaviro anoxic Danho simba muviri uye pezvakaitwa chokuita transmembrane mapurotini. Zvinoitawo anoita somunhu nokutengesa kuvakwa cellular zvinhu (amino, nyore shuga, wakakwidzwa carboxylic acids) kuumbwa kwaro zvenguva siyana, uye kushandiswa muchitokisi kukura uye kupesana. Sezvaunogona kuona, nyaya ino akadzidza gasi mukutsinhana mumapapu uye munyama, uyewo kunoyerwa yaro yomuzvarirwo muchinangwa dzevanhu muviri.