Sarufa yakasviba

Sarufa oxide (IV) ane zita, uyewo pamutemo kushandiswa kwemakemikari nesayenzi - sarufa dioxide, mukuwedzera, fuma iyi anonziwo sarufa yakasviba kana nesurferi dioxide. Sarufa oxide (IV) pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu - gasi ichi vasina ruvara, pamwe pachangu kusingafadzi kwakanaka, izvo nowenyika kunhuwira machisa panguva kuvesa.

The gasi iri liquefied nokuwedzera muedzo, tembiricha irege kwakasiyana zvake muimba. The fuma iri soluble mumvura kupa kusagadzikana sulfurous acid. The mwero mvura solubility rwesarufa dioxide ari tembiricha 20 C 11,5 magiramu kuti mumiririri pa 100 magiramu mvura. Sezvineiwo, apo tembiricha inokwira, padanho solubility pakati mukomboni kunoderedza. Kunze mvura, sarufa dioxide soluble mu panyaya iyi uye sulfuric acid. Zvakasikwa, sarufa dioxide, vane nzira iri SO2, mumwe zvinhu vanoumba kuputika gasi.

The maindasitiri kugadzirwa nesarufa yakasviba inobva zvakananga yokupisirapo nesarufa zvinogona vakazvigadzirirwa vachiridzira gasi sulfides, kunyanya akadai pyrite.

Sarufa yakasviba inotengwa uye mumarabhoritari nzira. Nokuti ichi kuita rinoitwa pamusoro migumisiro sulfites simba acids. Sezvo zvinhu fuma kushandiswa mumarabhoritari uye hydrosulfites. Akadaro maitiro kunopiwa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: Na2SO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2SO3. Mugumisiro nemapinduriro sezvinoonekwa kubva mukana wokuti vanhu vanga, munhu sulfurous acid, iyo nekuda kwayo kusagadzikana pakarepo uchiora kuti sarufa yakasviba uye mvura.

zvinhu zvishoma rinoshandiswa kuti nzira umo nezvainoita sekwaserera simbi pamwe sanganisa sulfuric acid, sezvamakaropafadzwa maitiro anofanira mberi nokutaura muchidziisa nokushanda mhinduro.

Major kwemakemikari ehupfumi idzi nesurferi dioxide.

Sarufa yakasviba wefodya mune ultraviolet siyana chakarondedzera. Zvinonzi semhosva ive acidic oxide. Sezvatotaurwa, nesarufa dioxide soluble nemvura munzvimbo reversible namakemikari maitiro.

At pakatanga gasi kupinda maitiro pamwe alkali yaibereka sulfites zvavo, kana kuti munguva reactivity negasi ichi, chinofanira kubvuma zviri kumusoro zvikuru. Panguva Maitiro anowanzodanwa akaratidza kwomuviri pamusoro fuma, uye padanho nesarufa oxidation panguva maitiro, kunova yepamusorosoro.

Oxidation ehupfumi rwesarufa yakasviba anoratidza panguva siyana pamwe simba reductants. Somuenzaniso, muna maindasitiri nemauto nekuda kugadzirwa nesarufa akashandisa nzira akakuvadzwa ari wayo kudzorerwa kabhoni oxide (II).

Sarufa oxide (IV) mu makemikari indasitiri ainyanya kushandiswa pave sulfuric acid. Kazhinji, kushanda kwaro wakakura chaizvo uye zvakawanda. Chokwadi kuti nesarufa dioxide muchetura. By inhalation anogona kuwana Kusvibisa zviratidzo ndivo huro kwazvo, runny mhino, chikosoro. Inhalation kukuvara sarufa yakasviba anounza kupfuura zvakanga pamusoro wevasungwa yacho fuma. At dzakakwirira kuwanda zvinogona kuitika migumisiro, kusvikira kutadza kufema, matauriro zvirwere uye pulmonary edema.

Sarufa oxide (IV) rinoshandiswa yaigadzira zvokudya, kunyanya zviri aripo slaboalkogolnyh zvinodhaka sezvo zvisaora. Munguva Whitehead Textile indasitiri rinoshandiswa senzira constituent che nzira bleaching akasiyana-siyana nezvinhu kuti hazvigoni bleached kuiisa chlorine yeimwe.

In maindasitiri uye zvedzidzo mumarabhoritari nesarufa oxide (IV) anoita somunhu solvent hunokosha, asi muchiitiko chino zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti gasi anogona zvine tsvina nemvura SO3, izvo mogtst sei kuchena uye nzira yakarurama nemapinduriro pamberi silica. Saka, muna muzviitiko izvi gasi anatswa nokuisa kuburikidza Sefa ine pfungwa yokushanda H2SO4, nguva dzose mumudziyo wakapfigwa.

Nokuda nyanya kushandiswa sarufa yakasviba mabasa somumwe makuru zvinhu kusvibisa mhepo. choutsi Zvikurukuru ngozi kunokonzerwa combustion kwedu yekushandisa simba - marasha, negasi uye mafuta. Kazhinji, vakawanda nemigumisiro riri kuburikidza kwemvura, nemhaka vasanaiwa nemvura - kuguma chigadzirwa aripo munzvimbo aerosol muchimiro.

Pari-soro wevasungwa negasi ichi rinopembererwa kuchamhembe hemisphere, kunyanya United States, Ukraine, Western Europe uye kumadokero mudunhu Russia.