Daniel Dennett: prices, pfupi Biography

The chikuru munda mubereko kwesayenzi iri kudzidza uzivi uye esayenzi maonero vaviri pfungwa dzevanhu, vachaparidza, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha pfungwa. Asi chii zvinoita uye inowana kuumba kufunga muzivi, tinogona kudzidza kubva Biography ake, kunyanya nguva upenyu mudzidzi.

Patrimony

Day akatanga ari kutarisa muupenyu hwake uye zvakatipoteredza, sezvo Daniel Dennett, Biography anorondedzera muchidimbu hwokufananidzira muzivi-musayendisiti upenyu, akaberekwa muBoston muna zvake American venhoroondo mhuri. Kudzidza wepaHarvard. Pakuzadzisa mafungiro musayendisiti yakaitwa paYunivhesiti Oxford , akatungamirirwa muzvinafundo Ryle. Zvaiva pasi ake simba uye patronage Dhanieri Dennett akanyora uye akadzivirira chinyorwa chake, uye akabudisa bhuku rake rokutanga - "Content uye kuziva" - muna 1969. In ake pfungwa Chokwadi, kuchinjwa American nguva hwake, asi nyanzvi yokuBritain, zvakare, akanga pedyo Dennett, saka kuti bhuku rakanga longitudinally echimurenga nokuda nguva.

kubudirira zvikuru

Agamuchira Ph.D. ake, musayendisiti akatumira Massachusetts, Tufts University, kwaakanga anodzidzisa ari dzakagadzirirwa zvevakomana. Uyezve, anoverenga nomumwe hurukuro dzakasiyana mumayunivhesiti pose - kubva kuhama Harvard uye Oxford kuMoscow State University. 74 Ndianiko musayendisiti, anofarira zvesayenzi, chivezwa. Muna 2012 akatanga honorary weNobel nokuda Erasmus kuti mupiro wake inokosha European tsika uye nzanga.

Saka, Daniel Dennett, ane Biography ari pamwe kufurirwa mafungiro ake uye matauriro, upenyu hwake akanyora mabasa mazhinji. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - "pfungwa ziso", "Types mafungiro akadai», Elbow Room, Brainstorms, «Neurology uye Philosophy". Vazhinji izvi unoremekedzwa pakati masayendisiti asi zvinosuwisa chete vashoma akashandurirwa Russian.

Kunyatsogona nokutonga

Huru kushandisa kwayo dzisiri kutonga Daniel Dennett akafunga vanhu kuziva. Achitsigira mashoko ake zvinhu nesayenzi kubva zvishande zvepfungwa, cybernetics, uye zvidukuduku. Uyewo, nguva dzose anoremekedza vamwe navo, asi musakanganwa kuti tinyatsoziva basa ravo, kutaura pfungwa dzavo uye rinovaka. Somuenzaniso, akanyora bhuku uongororwe Dawkins 'The rwoudyire Gene. " Mabasa ake zvinogona kuonekwa kuti musayendisiti inongogara kufunga pfungwa, kusarudza umo zvipenyu venyama ndizvo. Daniel Dennett anoti "Kuwanikwa ruzivo pamusoro vamwe vanhu Zvakaitika uye pfungwa" rinoreva kuvapo chavanoziva. Kugona kushandisa mitauro uye kufungisisa, se "chiratidzo nhaka pfungwa", musayendisiti anoedza kuratidza shanduka dzidziso Darwin. Darwin pfungwa uye dzidziso kupona zvinorarama rinoshandiswa uzivi kuti aratidze kuti munhu - dzakanakisisa munzvimbo ino, nokuti dzidziso anokwanisa kuvaka uye overenga pedyo zvichaitika. Somugumisiro, tine "achida ezvinhu." Pfungwa iyi inoreva kuti isu ndivanaMesiya mberi chezvematongerwe manzwiro, mafungiro, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira ayo zviito. Intentionality anoedza vabudirire kunonyanyisa zvinobatsira pachavo, saka ndiyo oneka zvikuru, asi mune zvimwe zvayo tsika hungasiyana.

Kazhinji, munhu rinoumbwa Micro-marobhoti, izvo kuita basa ezvinhu mamorekuru. With nemhuka tine zvakafanana "zivo sei", naro nezviito anoteererwa mechanically mune zvakatipoteredza. Asi munhu ane mukana: zvinokwanisika kubvunza mibvunzo uye kufunga pamusoro zvokuimba ruzivo izvi, kuenzanisa navo nevamwe. Uye iwe unogona kutapurira chero mashoko mumwe munhu, nokudaro anotokonya pfungwa uye kukura chiziva kugadzwa. Izvi zvose zvinoitwa uchibatsirwa zvavo mashoko, ayo vanoumba itsva sangano "nodules" iri cerebral cortex. Dzimwe uropi kusunungura kubva nodules ndangariro uye inotora munhu anoshandisa anopa mashoko kuti anova zvinhu kuwedzerwa mafungiro zvakanyorwa. Naizvozvo, nokuti kufunga kufunga musiyano chinokosha pakushandisa mabhuku akasiyana mashoko chinoshayikwa.

Zvimwe nzvimbo chadzera

Asi matambudziko, izvo oruramisa Daniel Dennett, rinosanganisira chimwe kufungisisa: asi intentionality munhu kunoita kuti kushandiswa nomumwe munhu. Naizvozvo, munhu anobudirira interspecific yemakwikwi achava nyaya yokuvanda mashoko anokosha. Asi yakanakisisa nzira yokuzvibata kuva nokukurukurirana uye unyanzvi - kutaura, kuvanza mamwe mashoko nokuda kuita manomano rinoshamisa. Wednesday kuponesa dzakasiyiwa kunofanira kuva kwakasimba uye raikosha nokuda Implementation munguva yemberi. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti zvakaoma kurarama inova huru, yechipiri uye intentionality. Sezvo anokumhan'arira / mukwikwidzi anewo yayo intentionality, zvinoitika kuti makwikwi edu uye hondo kuvimba chiratidzo ramangwana nomumwe munhu kana zvakatipoteredza yatinorarama kwikwidza. Kuti "verenga" pfungwa remangwana mumwe munhu, unofanira kare ubatanidzwe chiratidzo ezvinhu, ndiko, kuti munhu miscalculated. The denderedzwa rwunopera zvakatongwa, uye Daniel Dennett, iyo hana iyo chamuita kuti dzidziso iyi, haisati kukwanisa nharo uye tsanangura sei kwakatangira iconic kwezvakatipoteredza vanobviswa. Saka tanga dzidziso ichiri zvinoda kuvandudzwa uye vashoma vasisina Links pavanoparidza yaDarwin uye kuziva.

zvedzidzo tsoropodzo

In dzidziso iyi, maonero ake chakadzokororwa Richard Dawkins, Steven Pinker ndiye kushorwa pachinhu kutonga Stephen Gould uye Edvarda Uilsona. Kukuru adaptationism nemabasa kuti akanyora Daniel Dennett, wakadenha yakawanda paunotsoropodzwa pakati metaphysicians. Vakatumidza aaiita iri kutsarukana uye zvishoma akasiyana yakare chekubuda behaviorism. Iyewo nehasha uye zvechipameso akatsanangura pfungwa dzakadai se "qualia" (hwaro dzevanhu maonero ezvinhu), uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaoma mupfungwa. The sharpest nekuongorora pamusoro Daniel - "kuziva, akaparadza tsanangudzo."

Tsanangudzo rwokuzvisarudzira

Secularism uye rusununguko kuda murume - pfungwa, uko vakandoteka pfungwa Daniel Dennett. The Freedom ari kutonga kwayo vaiona kwete mukuona chokuvapo, asi nemashoko evanhu vanoda. Pfungwa iyi anosanganisa nokuripisa mupi werutemo (causal ukama), muchitenda kuti kunzwisisa zvinokonzera ndiyo hwaro rwokusarudza. mirayiridzo iyi inonzi "compatibilism". Zvakanga chose pabasa Elbow Room.

Kufunga yakarurama

The musayendisiti irege kunzwisisa metaphysicians zvose, mabasa ake nguva dzose vade yakawanda gakava yesayenzi uye gakava. Pasinei neizvi, ndiye achivimba mafungiro ake, uye kushanda nani yavo. Daniel Dennett, vane akatorwa dzakakurumbira pakati havatendi kuti Mwari ariko, anopedzera shoma hurukuro, izvo lucidly uye mienzaniso anoti pfungwa yake maonero kutenda uye zvechitendero. Anoitisa mupfungwa kuedza pakati vapristi pakati pavo ndiye hakuna Musiki vasingagoni mari kubvuma. Panguva iyoyowo vanoziva musiyano dzaMwari chomweya, uye kutaura kuva rokutungamirira mibvunzo inobatsira chidzore anotenda iwe kana kwete. Mumwe zvichangobva mabasa - Kunzwisisa Pumps Uye Other Zvaitibatsira Thinking - hurukuro pamusoro sei kudzidza kufunga somunhu musayendisiti. Daniel Dennett anopa mazano aya:

• Shandisa kukanganisa kuita Kuzviongorora uye kuti vasawira mwoyo uye mwoyo.
• Kubvunza mashoko okuti "Chokwadi", izvo, maererano musayendisiti, inoratidza invalidity nezvokuti uye kuchiva narrator "vayambukire" muteereri mashoko enhema nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.
• Kuremekedza mupikisi wenyu, kuti varuramisire uye mutsa kwaari, zvokuti akatora kutsoropodza yenyu.
• Regai mhinduro dzemibvunzo isina mhinduro.
• Shandisa yokutonga musimboti wenyika Occam chisvo, akagura zvose basa, uye nokudaro achaponesa pfungwa nzira kuratidza chokwadi.
• Ratsioalno kushandisa nguva pasina kupambadza pamusoro musoro nharo, kunyanya pamusoro Pfungwa chikonzero.
• Regai kushandisa izwi akadai "psevdoglubina" akasikwa chete pahwaro haanzwisisiki wokutongwa, uye kwete chokwadi ayo uye kururamisira.