Nyaya ari muchikwata kwouzivi: kuti rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma, pfuma uye positivist nzira kuti pfungwa

Nyaya ari muchikwata kwouzivi vanofarira nevafungi nokusingaperi nguva apo Plato akatanga pfungwa iyi iri yokungotaura pakutaura. rokuti munyori rinosiyanisa "pfungwa" ake, kusimbisa kunofambira mberi, dzinogara vakasiyana pakupedzisira variability uye variability - savanaamai. ehupfumi izvi dzakaumbwa gare gare muchimiro kuvapo kwenyaya, kureva, nguva, nzvimbo uye kufamba.

Nyaya ari muchikwata kwouzivi - mumwe inokosha pfungwa chero pfungwa. Kune akawanda nzira inokosha kutsunga kwayo kugutsikana: pfuma, rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma uye positivistic.

Zvinhu kusvika - ndiko dzakatevedzana pfungwa, izvo inobva mhinduro yacho inokosha mubvunzo kwouzivi pamusoro pokutanga: nyaya uye kuziva, achitsigira yaimbova. Maererano materialists, uye kuvapo nyaya - pfungwa iri pedyo kuti ani, uye nyaya iri mari aibuda, chokwadi yokuva. Kwose - wechinhu chete, mamiriro yacho. Izvi zvinosanganisira pfungwa, vanhu, chero nzira mumagariro sangano. Maererano zvinhu pamuviri, zvinhu sezvazviri uye tisingatungamirirwi pfungwa dzevanhu.

Zvinhu kusvika kwakapararira munyika ano yakanga hwaro Marxist pfungwa uye rava chinokosha yokungotaura kugadzwa rwokuzvarwa nezvesayenzi pfungwa, somumwe chinokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero nzira iyi musimboti wenyika knowability hwenyika kuburikidza adzidze zvivako, ukama uye mhando nyaya.

Rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma dzidziso ndiparidzire ndiro rine mudzimu. Zvisinei, nzvimbo vatsigiri nzira iyi hazvisi zvakafanana. Kusiyana akaumba maviri yokungotaura kuitika: chinangwa uye kuzviitira idealism.

Objective-rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma nzvimbo - kuzivikanwa pakati ndiro rine chokwadi akakodzera uye Mhedziso mweya. Basa sezvo pfungwa kwouzivi maererano chinangwa-rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma nzira iri chigadzirwa yechipiri, chizvarwa Mhedziso mweya.

A mumiririri akakurumbira nzira iyi ndiyo GVF Hegel. In ake "Phenomenology Pfungwa" anofukidza muitiro achikwidza pfungwa kwakakwana ruzivo: soro chimiro kuvapo pfungwa - nemhedziso mweya, kuti pfungwa kunova, kusvika pakukwana mune zivo pachayo.

Nyaya idealism - chaiyo Pfungwa ukama pakati Mapato ose "nyaya" uye "kuziva". Maererano nzira iyi, zvinhu sezvazviri hakuwaniki, anongova yokungofungidzira kwepfungwa dzevanhu.

Positivists kugoverana nzvimbo vatsigiri kuzviitira idealist kusvika pamusoro nokumunyima ariko yacho. Zvisinei, chikuru nharo kwemutsara uyu haazivikanwi kugadzwa: chinangwa chokwadi kuti nyaya hazvibviri kuratidza uye saka kuongorora empirically havagoni kutaura kuti ariko.

Nyaya ari muchikwata uzivi kwave uye achiramba nyaya kwehasha gakava theorists kwemazana emakore. Nhasi, mune imwe nguva zvokugadzira zvinhu mberi, vanhu kushanda kunoita kugadzwa nokuwedzera Vhoriyamu kudyiwa zvinhu uye kuvandudza mabasa inopiwa. Progress zvinokwanisika, kana isu kudzivirira kubata nokuziva nyika. Saka zvinhu kusvika anosarudza kukosha, uye cultured vanhu tsika dzinoumba marongero ouzivi ruzhinji.