Cytogenetic nzira chidzidzo yedzinza

Cytogenetics chinhu chakaparadzana bazi dzidziso yedzinza, iyo inoongorora yakasiyana, kutanga achengeta (explicate) vezvenhau ane ruzivo pamusoro magene nhaka. vatakuri akadaro siyana chromosome mhando (polytene, mitotic uye meiotic) plastids, interphase nuclei, uye kuti muduku kumwero - mitochondria.

Nokudaro, cytogenetic nzira iri yakatarwa nzira uye ruzivo kudzidza zvikurukuru okutodza panguva wakaiswa zvavo quantitative parameter chinoitwa kwemakemikari-zvipenyu description, isu kuongorora marongerwo modes mufambiro panguva muchitokisi nokupesana. Scientific chinangwa pakudzidza uyu kusimbisa ukama pakati hunhu uye nesimba yokuchinja chromosome marongerwo uye muenzaniso, kuratidza variability zviratidzo.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nzvimbo kutsvakurudza zvinoratidza cytogenetic nzira iri kuongorora dzevanhu karyotype. Kudzidza ari kazhinji kuitwa pamusoro Mutsika umo kupesana kunoitika uye zvepabonde masero somatic.

Vakawanda tsika kuti kutsvakurudza mhando iyi - peripheral ropa masero zvakadai lymphocytes, fibroblasts uye mwongo masero. Most svikika tsika, anoshandiswa zvokurapa cytogenetics vari lymphocytes ropa. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechokuti, sezvo mutemo, ivo nyaya kuongorora muna postnatal munguva. Kana kuongorora karyotype fetus cytogenetic nzira kunosanganisira kushandisa foni mutsika, kusarudza izvo imhaka zvinoverengeka. Chief pakati izvi ndiyo nguva pamuviri. Somuenzaniso, pamwe mavhiki asingasviki 12, cytogenetic Kuongororwa okutodza yakanakisisa kuitwa pamwe chikamu chezvinhu chorionic masero, uye kana pamuviri riri pamusoro vhiki 12, zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuona kudzidza masero fetus. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, vari zvakananga aikudzwa kubva placenta uye fetus ropa.

Kuti tizive karyotype cytogenetic nzira yokudzidza nhaka zvinoda kuwana ropa yokuenzanisira iri mari kwete asingasviki 2.1 Rine mamiririta. Panyaya iyi, iyo nzira pacharo kunosanganisira kuitisa tsvakurudzo, zvinosanganisira chikuru zvikamu zvitatu:

- voga uye culturing masero iyo kuongorora chichaitwa;

- upfu zvinodhaka;

- kumbonyatsoongorora Kuongorora zvinodhaka pasi maikorosikopu.

Zvinobudirira cytogenetic nzira genetics kunogona chete kana zvinotevera ezvinhu zvakasangana. Chekutanga, panofanira kuva mumwe nhamba masero ari metaphase rwakazara. Chechipiri, kurima yaifanira zvakasimba maererano nemitemo isingachinji uye kwenguva kwete asingasviki 72 maawa. Chechitatu, iyo Kuda kutamba kwamakamuri anofanira amakavaitira kugadzirisa zviri acetic asidhi uye methanol ari nhamba izvi zvinhu nyore 3: 1.

Panguva padariro kugadzirira kupenda cytogenetic kudzidza ruvara kusarudzwa anoitwa kufungisisa chinangwa chaizvo kudzidza, kureva, chii mhando kunotouraya anofanira kuongorora. Kazhinji, kushandisa chinoramba värjäys nzira, sezvo zviri nyore kuona quantitative parameter okutodza. Kutsvakurudza yemazuva ano vakawanda vakashandisa nzira staining yokuziva karyotype abnormalities zvavo quantified. Asi izvozvo cytogenetic nzira runoita kuona uye kuziva STRUCTURAL simba okutodza. Saka, shandisa dzimwe nzira inokosha vachikubvumira neutralize zvakaipira ari chichiitwa värjäys. Vakawanda idzi, dzakadai nzira differential staining, kuti G-nzira, R-nzira nezvimwe.

Uye pakupedzisira, wechitatu chokutambudzika kudzidza ndiko nemaziso kudzidza yakasvibiswa okutodza dziri metaphase pachikuva. Panguva yakatarwa ake Nhamba dzose uye zvemamiriro ezvinhu nhengo kwayo fetus masero dzevanhu. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, sezvo ari kutonga, kuongorora vakawanda munyama.