Girafu dzidziso

Graph dzidziso - ndiwo mumwe subsections wemasvomhu, chikuru chinoratidza inova nzira geometric kudzidza zvinhu. Zvinonzi kuonekwa muvambi yakakurumbira yemasvomhu Euler.

Kushandisa girafu dzidzisowo mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, yakanga yava kusvika agadzirise zvinetso dzinonakidza uye mwoyo yakawanda ruzhinji kutarisirwa. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi20, apo girafu dzidziso yakaumbwa sezvo yakazvimirira kwemasvomhu kuranga, rave richishandiswa chaizvo muminda zvakadai cybernetics, wefizikisi, logistics, zvirongwa, zvipenyu, zvemagetsi, nezvifambiso uye kutaurirana enyika.

Basic Dzidziso girafu dzidziso

Pechingoro chinhu girafu. The mazwi panowanikwa chinhu chakadai nomumbure akafanana kuti mbiru. Last - ari non-isina nhamba pfungwa, ndiko kuti, vertices uye zvikamu, kureva mbabvu, mativi iyo anoenderana nhamba akapiwa pfungwa. Graph dzidziso asingadi mari imwe pfungwa iri tsika micheto uye vertices. Somuenzaniso, migwagwa guta uye unobva navo, apo pakutanga - the vertices of girafu, uye wechipiri - rumbabvu. Greater kukosha hunopiwa dzidziso yacho arcs. Kana kumicheto vane nhungamiro, inonzi chinhu chakakombama kana girafu pamwe rinotungamirirwa micheto kuti inonzi digraph.

Mune mazwi ose dzidziso sezvo ndedzinotevera pfungwa:

Subgraph ndiye girafu, micheto zvose uye vertices vari pakati vertices uye kumicheto.

Kunofambidzana girafu - munhu ane mbiri dzakasiyana nenhongonya zviripo cheni unobva pavo.

Weighted akabatana girafu - munhu akaisa weighting ishande.

Tree - akabatana girafu pasina zvinogara.

Marangwanda - a subgraph inova muti.

Mune girafu mufananidzo ari mundege yakajeka notation rinoshandiswa: asi vakasarudzwa vertex pfungwa anoenderana zvokutanga nomumativi kana mupendero iri pakati vertices, nhengo pfungwa ikashandiswa chidimbu. Kana girafu vaifarira, zvikamu izvi inotsiviwa miseve.

Asi regai anofananidza girafu mufananidzo naye, kureva pamwe husingaoneki yakarongeka, nekuti umwe girafu anogona kupiwa zvinopfuura chimwe kumiririrwa graphical. Achishandisa mundege anopiwa kuti vaone peya vertices vakabatana micheto, uye izvo vasiri.

Pakati vamwe mabasa ose girafu dzidziso musiyano

1. The dambudziko pfupi redunhu (Hardware yokutsiva, placement, amburenzi uye runhare exchanges).
2. Kunonyanyisa kuyerera dambudziko (kukamurwa kufamba nenzira simba network, kuparadzirwa basa, sangano tinokwanisa).
3. The dambudziko coatings uye Mabhokisi (pekugara vanotumira nzvimbo).
4. Makara muzvikamu (ndangariro placement pamusoro zvemagetsi makombiyuta).
5. Communication network uye calculators (kutanga kukurukurirana network, ari kuongorora pakukurukurirana network).

Panguva ino hazvibviri chirongwa vakawanda mabasa pasina ruzivo girafu dzidziso. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore uye nyore kushanda makombiyuta.

Program anoshandisa siyana zvivako uye inoshanda nzira nokuda nekugadzirisa matambudziko, uye mumwe wavo ndiye dzidziso calculators. kukosha kwayo haringanzi dzakanaka. Graph dzidziso iri mapurogiramu runoita kurerutsa kutsvaka ruzivo, kuti optimize software, exchange uye kuparadzira mashoko. Kuburikidza pfungwa algorithms kuchimuka mukana kwavo kushandiswa Mutengo kuti dzakananga mabasa kuita nadzurudzo yacho algorithm, pasina kudzikira ukuru rakavimbika kwemasvomhu finite shanduro chirongwa.

An chinokosha enzvimbo nokudzora gadziriro kana womuenzaniso kutaridza binary ukama chete yakatarwa zvinoitwa uye mashoko dzakabatana. zvivako izvi ndizvo chete chikamu chepurogiramu uye mashoko ari Shandurwai navo. Naizvozvo, calculators dzinobva magadzirirwo programmer.