Cram - ndiko kuti nei?

Cram - chii ichi? Munguva yedu vakawanda vanotama uye yetsika inoti, tiri chaizvo kakawanda atarisana pfungwa iyi. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda intuitively kunzwisisa hwepedyo iri izwi kumarudzi kusiyana hakusi zvakajeka kufungidzira rinobatsira kukosha uye nhungamiro kushanda zvakadaro gadziriro. Zvaiitika

Kare mumwe cram - chitsidzo kugarwa kuti vamiririri tsika imwe (yechitendero wezwi, rudzi, dzinza mavambo) pakati vamwe, zvikuru munyika yose. Chiitiko dzakatangira romuMiddle Europe, pavakatanga kuoneka vakaparadzana nemamwe nharaunda vechiJudha. Chaizvoizvo, muna Ages nyika, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose yave zvishoma simba, uye interpenetration netsika vakatora nzvimbo kwete kutoshanda. Zvisinei, nhamba vechiJudha kwagara aripo munyika dzokuEurope. Uyezve, nezvavanotenda dzisiri dzechiKristu, uyewo pedyo rwacho mukati uye kuramba kuitwa muitiro anochinja vaJudha kupinda vakaraswa. Somuenzaniso, pamwe pakunamata dzechechi yake vairambidzwa kuita zvokurima (kupfuura kunobatsira chinhu zvino) uye vanoverengeka ounyanzvi hwokugadzira. Vatongi vakawanda ushandiswe navo kugara mune dzimwe nharaunda. Saka, munhoroondo pfungwa cram - a zvakananga Jewish tsindirana ugari. Sezvineiwo, shoko dzakatangira Italy, uko vanonzi nzvimbo Venice, pachitsuwa Cannaregio, apo vaJudha vakadzingwa pakutanga pamusoro XVI remakore.

Kuburikidza prism of XX remakore

With kukura chokufambisa Links, yakawiriranwa kusangana (political, tsika uye zvoupfumi) munyika yose, paiva pfungwa chevanhu vakawanda yokutama kwevanhu. Achangobva yakakurumbira yokuti cram rakanga muUnited States pakutanga XX remakore. US cram - nayo kutigumbura vatema, vazukuru vakawanda colonialism vakauya panguva varanda. Pamwe mberi pasi pose uye kuwedzera zvipenyu tsika dzakasiyana kumatunhu nenyika (apo dzimwe nyika zvikuru dzakabudirira uye ndokukura akapfuma, nepo vamwe vakaramba mbishi zvinhu manda kuti yakaderera pachiyero vepamusoro uye vakawanda nezvinetso zvamagariro), upiwe kutama kwendangariro. Zvino cram - haisi chete nemisha vechiJudha kana nharaunda "dema". Rinoreva chero munzvimbo dzomumaguta, apo kumanikidzwa kana yokuzvidira dzinza vashoma. Chaizvoizvo, mashoko ghettos ano - iri uchapupu kushayikwa paruzhinji policies kuti pave socialization uye kuitwa.

NSDAP uye mitemo maigara panguva Second World War

Zvisinei, chinonyanya yaityisa mumvuri rokuti awana ari pakati XX remakore uye raiwanzobatana mabasa utungamiriri yeNazi iri dzatorwa. Nokuti vaNazi, kufanana kumanikidzwa misha vava senzira iri nyore yokuti optimizing kugoverwa vemo dzakawanda kana zvishoma kwakakwana. Warsaw cram - zvichida iyi ndiyo muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikuru. Pashure pokuwa guru Polish vaJudha vose vakarayirwa kutamira imwe nzvimbo muguta. Gare gare, vaJudha vakauya pano kubva pamusoro nyika. Miganhu yacho cram akanga akavakirirwa norusvingo, Barbed waya uye varwi kurindwa chaizvoizvo kutsauka nzvimbo iri kuvharirwa nzvimbo. The Vagari nzvimbo aishandiswa rinorema remaoko uye waiva zviipe ezvinhu kupfuura vamwe Warsaw ari inogarwa guta. Vasungwa cram vaiva vaida kuenda kune wekutanga yevasungwa (rakamiswa pedyo kuAuschwitz, pakutanga). Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvakaitika kusvikira nevaNazi kuvapo.

Vagere cram vakatorwa nerumwe divi, avavimbisa yakanaka nokushanda mamiriro panzvimbo itsva. Zvisinei, hapana munhu wakamborigara akadzoka, uye zvinotyisa runyerekupe pamusoro zvakafanorongwa zvavo seeped kupinda cram. Under izvi zvinhu nokuti vanhu vakanga vakatondeswa kuenda vamwe rufu gasi mukamuri, yakanakisisa kusarudza chakaguma nokunzi kurwisa hurumende. Kunyange mikana vakatsikirirwa uye akapotsa unarmed vagari pamusoro vakanyatsoshongedzwa SS zviumbu pakanga pasina mukumukira kwakaitika mid-April 1944. Somugumisiro, cram vasungwa akaramba kwerinenge mwedzi, asi vakaparadzwa, pamwe mukana achitora kurwa kekupedzisira.