Belka uye Strelka: dzichibhururuka muchadenga mhuka

Hapana kuti excites kuziva sezvo pfungwa kusaverengeka uye rusununguko. Zvichida izvi ndizvo nezvekufadza unogona kunzwa uri muchadenga kutarisa Earth kubva kumusoro. Zvisinei, mufambi wokutanga, uyo akapinda muchadenga, akanga asiri munhu uye shamwari yake yepamwoyo - imbwa.

Kuwanikwa nzvimbo zera

Nhasi, kunyange vechikoro vanoziva kuti Belka uye Strelka. Ichibhururuka muchadenga ava mhuka zvakavharwa kutekenyedzwa uye ratanga Zvaifadza kuziva. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvose vakatanga senguva hope. Human chido kunzwisisa hunhu waro, kutarisa upenyu kuburikidza meso vamwari - izvi zvose nguva dzose achisunda masayendisiti kuti itsva matongo uye nguva dzose Virtual rwokugadzira.

Pakutanga nzvimbo zera kwakatanga mashanu remakore rapfuura. Kana vanhu Inoziva zvakakwana zvomuchadenga nzvimbo uye akasarudza vanokanganisa zvimwe. History of kutiza muchadenga Belka uye Strelka - chete anotungamirira chinhu nezvahunoreva uye incredible.

Kutamburira kuti dzine

The yairwisana America uye Russia zvawave kwemakumi akawanda emakore. Uye nechinguvana kusora pezvakasikwa aiva mumwe pfungwa iyi hondo refu.

Hurumende US haasati yakavanzwa vavariro yaro kutanga kukunda Nokuwanda kwakaita nzvimbo. Uyezve, zviri kushingaira aisimbisa pfungwa iyi pakati yevagari. Taiita reclamation uye vagari akagadzirira danho shamisa rinokosha.

Kunyange vasina chokwadi uye nguva vachiongorora zvose mashoko akapa venhau vaitenda yakanaka mugumisiro zviitiko. All vakanga vakagadzirira vapemberere kukunda, asi munhangemutange iyi munhangemutange wokutanga akauya wakasiyana zvachose mamiriro. The Soviet Union kwete chete akaita kutiza Belka uye Strelka ari muchadenga, asiwo kutumirwa kunyika muchadenga rakagadzirwa nevanhu Satellite Nyika.

Kana Papera gore, muna 1958, vokuAmerica achiri kugadzira kandege "Explorer 1", vanhu vasingagoni kukanganwira unyengeri uye pakuzivikanwa se enyambo remadunhu- Satellite "orenji".

Kokutanga yakagamuchira Satellite chiratidzo kubva muchadenga, vanhu vakaziva kuti zvinokwanisika kukunda Nokuwanda kwakaita, kudzidza, kunzwisisa. Iri raiva danho idzva munhoroondo yevanhu.

On uyo sarudzo Falls

Wokutanga anoreva kuti zvombo pamwe zvipenyu rakatanga nembwa: yaiva yakakurumbira kutiza Belka uye Strelka ari muchadenga. Pfupiso yebhuku nyaya inozivikanwa wose anenge kubva pauduku. Zvisinei, kukwikwidzana nguva, kusvika pamwero kuuyawo pano, chii inowanzonzi kukanganwika kutaura.

Ndeupi mhuka kunonyanyisa akakodzera chakadaro basa kufamba? Sezvingatarisirwa, chinhu chokutanga kuti vade kuti primates. Ivo, kupfuura ani zvake, sezvinoita vanhu. Asi tsoko akazviratidza kuva nehanya, zvichida nokuda kukura chavanoziva. Vaifunga kuti pane chimwe chinhu chakanganisika uye zvikuru nemishonga.

VokuAmerica vakakwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa chete nokupinza vakarara mapiritsi. Masayendisiti Soviet vaiona tsika iyi zvisingagamuchirwi uye vakatya zvakaipa zvabuda. Uye chisarudzo yakawira imbwa.

Zvino vakatanga nhoroondo kwegadziriro makumbo mana, pakati pavo vaiva Belka uye Strelka. Ichibhururuka muchadenga imbwa rwakarongwa nemazvo. Vakapfuura dzakatevedzana nemiedzo uye inspections.

Chipenyu mhiri Earth

Zvinosuruvarisa, imbwa vekutanga anoziva weightlessness, akanga asingakwanisi kudzokera kumisha yavo. Asi iye akavhura nzira yokuti vamwe, akaita kuti imbwa yakachengeteka ndege muchadenga: Belka uye Strelka.

Zvakaoma kutenda, asi zvino masayendisiti shoma vanofunga kuti zvinokwanisika kurarama tisina regiravhiti. The maonero aiva kuti muviri mupenyu anourawa mu weightlessness. Ndokusaka chitundumuseremusere kutumirwa kubva imbwa ainzi Laika, yaiva imwe nzira motokari.

Hapana Vaitarisira pokumuka zvishandiso yaizobatsira kudzoka kuna Earth. Hongu, uye ichi yanga kupindura mubvunzo "kana kuvamba dzakadaro dzinofanira?".

Asi sezvo nguva akaratidza, imbwa akapona uye atambura nendege zvakaipa. Rakanga imwe nhanho inokosha. Zvino nguva kutumira chikwata kuti aigona kudzoka uye kuva uchapupu mupenyu mukana kugara muchadenga.

Zvibayiro muzita nesayenzi

Laika haasiye chete akafa dog refu basa nzvimbo kudziongorora. Asi chete akatumirwa rufu nemaune. Other kundikana kuedza vakakanganiswawo chombo kanda. Technical budiriro munzvimbo iyi yakanga ichangotanga, uye kufungawo zvose zvakanga hazvitomboiti. shamwari Four-makumbo marefu vakafira tsaona chokuita Kuparara zvombo.

Asi ose dambudziko rakadaro akaratidza utera delineated zvikanganiso. Zvadaro, izvi zvose akaponesa upenyu hwomunhu. Masayendisiti ane nguva kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvavo, kuumba uye dzishandise munhu achiri kubudirira zvakanaka mugumisiro. Zvino, kutiza imbwa Belka uye Strelka mu nzvimbo yokutanga yakanga vhuu.

Akava zvinogoneka ngaavongwe Mishka, Chizhikov Ryzhikov, Bulba, Fox, Palma, pfuti uye mabhatani mazita kashoma kukwira nyaya muchadenga kudziongorora.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti masayendisiti kubatwa imbwa vane ushamwari chaizvo uye rudo. dzinovaraidza mumwe nomumwe rufu neshungu. Panguva upenyu kwavo nokungwarira akatarisira nokusika zvakanakisisa ezvinhu.

kunyatsogadzirira

A mubvunzo dzinongoitika munhu wose inodzidza ndege yokutanga muchadenga, "Belka uye Strelka dzaisarudzwa sezvo?" Apo vose vanotongwa vakanga vachitora?

Mhinduro iri nyore. shamwari All mana makumbo marefu vaimbova pokugara mumigwagwa imbwa. Survival utsinye ezvinhu mune imwe nzira dzinopfavisa hunhu hwavo, akaita makasimba.

Uyezve, mashoko inoomesera mitemo muviri zvatariswa yaiswa mberi. Chekutanga, mutts kunge diki. Nokuti Kamudzira haisi specimens huru vakwane. Akasarudza nomumwe kukura hapana masendimita anopfuura 35, chimwe nechimwe rairema anenge akaenzana makirogiramu matanhatu.

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti zvose gumi musarudzo vakarovedzwa, vakanga chete nomukadzi. Sei? Mhinduro iri zvikuru prosaic. Kuvaka chimbuzi kwavari nyore zvikuru kupfuura varume.

Chechipiri, vose imbwa akanaka vhudzi, kusvikira sefa-chena dema-uye vari dzinounzwa nani. Asiwo aesthetic kwokunze mashoko inokanganikwa. Pashure pezvose, mumwe kubhabhatidzwa aigona kuva kukurumbire, ane mapikicha vachaona yose nyika.

Chii mune zita

Vakachera zvishoma munzvimbo dzakadzika kare, tinogona kuwana kuti kutiza Belka uye Strelka ari muchadenga chaizvoizvo vakaita Marques uye Albina. Asi hazvisi vamwe imbwa uye zvakafanana.

Chokwadi chokuti munhu aitarisira basa, akawana mazita Albina uye Marques kukodzera kuti magamba Soviet. Yakawandisa vatorwa mumvuri vakauya mavari. Ndokusaka imbwa vakapiwa mamwe mazita, zvakawanda Soviet, pachena nomumwe chakasviba.

Kuva akapfuura vose nzendo kudzidzisa, dressage, vakanga vagadzirira - Belka uye Strelka. Ichibhururuka muchadenga yachinja kwete chete wavo yemberi, asiwo tatsveyamisa.

Nguva yavaipedza mubasa muchadenga

Pakupedzisira, gadziriro dzose apera. Zvisinei, kutanga peya imbwa, akasarudzwa sezvo chikwata zvakanakisisa, zvinosuruvarisa akafa panguva kanda, paiva kukundikana uye chitundumuseremusere pachikuva yakadonha.

Ndicho chikonzero akatora kutiza Belka uye Strelka ari muchadenga. Date of chiitiko - 19 August 1960.

Nokuti muviri mhuka dzakanga chokuita anokosha sensors kuti kunyora zvose pezvakaitwa inokosha uye maitiro muviri kugara weightlessness. Information akauya Earth, uye masayendisiti kuti nokukurumidza ironge ose mashoko.

Kuburikidza ichi rwendo zvesayenzi akagamuchira zvakawanda matsva kwete kare anozivikanwa chinhu. Results mumuviri, nemakemikari uye kunyange majini ezvinhu avapo.

Zvino zvakava pachena kuti kugara muchadenga vanogona kurarama. Saka, kutiza munhu haasi kure.

anogona chakaita sei Belka uye Strelka nzvimbo kutiza? In Zvinotaurwa, zvikuru zvakasimba. pazuva rechina kwezana maitiro wavo chete zvachinja. Protein kutifungira, kuhukura, kuedza kuputsa kubva kumakomo. Asi pashure kudzoka dzakamurapa vakadzokera dzose.

zvinoshamisa madimbu

Kwete pasina curiosities wokutanga ndege muchadenga. Belka uye Strelka rakanaka kushamiswa vacherechedzi. Chokwadi ndechokuti panguva iyoyo, iyo US unomushandira Satellite rirambe riri mugwara raro. nzira dzake akarara pamusoro zvitundumuseremusere pamwe nembwa. Asi mumwe majana vakanga chaizvo pedyo nepedyo. Dogs vanoda kunzwa kuvapo mukwikwidzi uye dzakatanga nenzwi kuhukura, izvo amira rekukwazisa chitundumuseremusere akabva Satellite.

Imbwa dzakakurumbira

1960 - gore kutiza Belka uye Strelka ari muchadenga. chiitiko ichi zvakachinja upenyu hwevanhu vazhinji uye, chokwadi, iko kutapwa imbwa pachavo.

Back paNyika, vava akakurumbira munyika yose. mifananidzo yavo aidhindwa mabhuku ose anozivikanwa zvikuru.

Zuva rakatevera, vakatora chikamu venhau apo vatapi pose kuuya. Ndicho chiitiko chokuita nomumwe munhu, wose aida kuwana zvikuru mashoko.

Mushure hype rave kugadziriswa, upenyu dzembwa vakadzokera dzose. Vakanga inopiwa zvose zvakafanira kuti upenyu hwakanaka. Dogs vakaendeswa kindergartens, nherera, zvikoro, uye akatanga vana. Mhuka idzi vanodikanwa munyika yose. Vana Soviet akavatarisa achinyemwerera uye kudada.

Dogs ndararama akwegura, uye kunyange Arrow rakafadza muduku zvose nevana. Akanga vakawanda nhanhatu puppies. Mumwe wavo, Khrushchev akapa mwanasikana President Kennedy.

Ndiani anoziva pfungwa zvakakonzera Zvinhu Zvisina Basa pa musoro America. Zvichida kuramba chiyeuchidzo vakarasika zveutungamiri mumunda nzvimbo kudziongorora. A vangava, pamusoro Zvakatosimbisa akashanda sezvi- anotikurudzira.

Space Age anonzi yakazaruka

Saka munoziva, chii chaiva kutiza Belka uye Strelka ari muchadenga. Pfupiso nyaya angangotadza kukwanisa kubudisa manzwiro ose aigara mumwoyo nenyanzvi, vatongi uye vanhuwo zvavo.

Asi chiitiko ichi zvachose rakanyorwa munhau sezvo danho rokutanga, izvo akabvumira noruvazhe vanhu. Uye kuvonga zvose hama dzedu duku.

imbwa zvina Travel vasati ndege Yuriya Gagarina. Zita romumwe wavo akazvipa - asiterisiki. Iye akadzoka kutiza pakupera March 1961. Uye musi April 12 Munhu wokutanga akabva panyika chisingakanganwiki rwendo.

Chakatishamisa imbwa kubva kare kwainzi shamwari uye mubatsiri womunhu. Uye yakadaro inokosha uye inokosha payo paiva.