Colombia: kutarisira musha, kubereka, kupora uye mazano

Columnia inofungidzirwa semiti isingagumi yemhuri yeGesneria. Duva racho rinoshongedza, rinokura mumaruva emaruva uye rakaturika pots. Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemarudzi, kune miviri-shrub yemhando. Miriro inofungidzirwa seyebular, yakajeka uye isina kujairika. Mashizha acho akaenzana kusvika 4 cm, variegated, kwenguva refu. Kana iwe uchida kuita kuti imba igare yakanaka, inofanirwa kunge iine columbine. Kuchengetedza kumba pamusana pemiti iyi haisi mamiriro ezvinhu, kunyange kune vakuri veduri vakura.

Nyika yekwako yekukura ndiyo inotyisa yeAmerica. Miti yacho yakatanga kurondedzerwa naCharles Plumier pachiwi cheMartinique. Mutori wenyika yekuSweden Karl Linnaeus akaita sarudzo yekushandisa shanduro yechiLatini yezita reItanist botanist Fabio Colonna sezita rejeri.

Popular types

Kurongedza nzvimbo yevakadzi vazhinji veimba, imwe columna inosarudzwa. Kuchengetedza kumba hakusi kwakaoma, kana iwe ukatevera mitemo iri nyore. Muchirimwa ichi, pane 194 marudzi. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezvi:

• Allen chimiro chine tsvina yakareba kwenguva refu, uye mashizha awo ari matema. Duva rine ruvara rutsvuku, hukuru hwayo rinosvika 7 cm.
• Mabhangi. Miti yacho inonzi inogara yakazara uye ine mashizha akaoma. Muvara waro ndeyorineni ine tsvuku interspersed.
• Vedrarsky. Miti yacho inomarara, uye mashizha acho makuru. Maruva ane ruvara rune ruvara rutsvuku.
• Carnival. Mashizha emuGreen madiki mashoma. Maruva acho akachena machena.

• Colonne Krakatoa. Kuchengetedza kumba kunowanikwa nenzira imwecheteyo kune zvimwe zvipfeko zvekushongedza. Mashizha ane ruvara rwemavara. Maruva wepakati pekuru.
• Bloody red. Muhafu ye shrub yakasvibira mashizha nemashizha makuru. Kuzadza kwepfuma yakawanda tsvuku.
• Shida. Mafuro acho akareba uye anotonhora, uye mashizha acho makuru uye matsvuku. Maruva acho matsvuku.

Mhando imwe neimwe yemiti yakaisvonaka nenzira yayo pachayo. Kwavari, zvakafanana kufanana, kutora nekudiridza zvinodiwa. Maererano nekuongororwa, zvakajeka kuti simiti yakadaro inowanikwa nevakadzi vakawanda veimba. Iine maitiro akanaka. Munzvimbo ipi neipi duva richava chiyero chinoshamisa. Inoshandawo zvakanaka nezvimwe zvinomera.

Zvikamu zvekutarisira

Pasinei neColumn inosarudzwa, unogona kutarisira mhando dzose dzeimba. Izvo zviri mumiti yacho zviri nyore. Duva rinogona kuwanikwa mumba, asi dzimwe nguva unogona kuitora kunze mumugwagwa. Zvakakosha kusarudza nzvimbo inofadza, kudzora mamiriro ayo, uye iyo ichaza.

Kuchengetedza ndekudiridza zvakakodzera, kudyidzana, kusarudzwa kwema fertilizer nehari. Uyezve, maruva anoputirwa nenzira dzinobatsira. Zvinonyanya kukosha uye nzvimbo mumba. Kana iwe uchitevera zvose zvinodiwa zvekoloni, iwe unofadza vadzidzisi uye unoshongedza imba.

Nzvimbo uye chiedza

Mumasikirwo, ikorumine inokura mumiti, saka nzvimbo yakanakisisa yayo ndehari, poto kana vase. Midzi inoshanda sechitsva, hairi kuzadza maruva nemiti. Inoda chiedza chakajeka, saka chinogona kuiswa pawindo rewindo.

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuisa mubhodhi nemiti mumadokero kana kumabvazuva kweimba. Kumusoro kuchava nokushayikwa kwechiedza, uye kumaodzanyemba kune mikana yekupisa. Miriza inoitwa panenge ichidiwa. Munguva yekuvhuvhura uye yechando, chiedza chezuva hachina kukwana, saka chinoda chiedza nemarambi.

Kupisa

Kune columbia, mamiriro ekudziya anodiwa. Mumwaka wechando, zhizha uye yekupera nguva, kutonhora kunofanira kuva mukati ma20-27 degrees. Zvichida kuwedzera kwenguva pfupi kwema 3 degrees, kana hunyoro hukapamhi.

Muchikwata nechando, kana pasina chiedza chakakwana, kutonhora kunofanira kuva mukati ma15-17 degrees. Munzvimbo inotonhora mamiriro acho eruva rinopera. Usabvumira kudhinda. Zvakanakisisa kuisa korona pedyo nehwindo. Mafuta ekushanyirwa masikati anokwana masendimita gumi nemasere kusvika gumi nemashanu, uye masikati kutonhora kune 8-12 degrees. Iyi hurumende inofanira kuchengetwa kwekanguva mwedzi.

Humidity

Chero bedzi nemvura yakakodzera inenge ichinyatsogadzirwa. Kuchengetedza kumba kunoda nguva dzose kushambadzira mvura. Hushini yake inofanira kunge iri kutonhorera.

Imuva yemvura inopisa inoda humhu. Kana mashizha achideredzwa, shandisa nzvimbo yakapoteredza muti. Maruva haafaniri kukanganiswa. Pedyo iwe unogona kuisa aquarium kana humidifier.

Kunwisa

Mvura inofanira kugadziriswa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemasere. Kana iri pamusoro pemakamuri ekupisa, usashandise. Mvura haifaniri kumira pasi pezuva.

Kunwisa kunowanzoenderana. Ivhu rinomesa nguva inotevera. Usazadza maruva, nokuti kuwedzera kwemvura kukuvadza kunokanganisa iyo midzi. Kudarika kunowedzerawo kukuvadza, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwemiti. Misiyano pakati pekudiridza muzhizha haisi pasi pechando.

Kusarudzwa kwenyika uye kupfeka kwepamusoro

Inoda ivhu rakapfuma Column. Musha unochengetedza unosanganisa kuzora kwemiti nemishonga inobatsira. Izvi zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa:

• Primer, pasi pevhu, tsvina, pasi (2: 1: 2: 0,5).
• Sod, pine zvigunwe (5 mashupuni), humus, mashizha (1: bark: 1: 1).
• Humus, mashizha pasi, turf, jecha (1: 2: 5: 1).
• Sod, humus, peat land (2: 0.5: 1).
• Peat, humus, jecha, sawdust, sphagnum, turf (2: 1: 0.5: 1.5: 0.5: 2).

Mune chero kusanganiswa, unogona kuwedzera massi, marasha uye madota. Substrate inogona kutengwa mune zvitsuwa zvakasiyana. Usati wawana iyo inokosha kuti uzvizive nehutano. Mumiririri anofanira kunge ari 3-4 zvinhu. Mamwe marudzi evhu anogona kushandiswa.

Denga rinogona kuva rose, sezvo naro richakurumidza kuitika. Kuchengetedza kumba, kuongororwa kwacho kunoratidza kuti unofanira kutevedzera mitemo yekutanga, unofanira kuita zvakanyatsonaka. Iyo michero ichava nani kana ivhu rinoshandiswa.

Kudya kunodiwa muchemo, zhizha, nekupedza mazuva gumi nemaviri. Izvo zvinodikanwa kushandisa mvura inogadzirwa iyo iri mumabhodhoro. Munguva yekurima, mbeu inoshandiswa pakuita maruva. Munguva yechando, kupfeka kwepamusoro kunofanira kuitwa kashoma (anenge 1 nguva pamwedzi).

Transplantation

Kuti chikwata chekudzivirira chiite zvakanaka, kuchengetedza nekugadziriswa kunofanira kuitwa nenzira yakarurama. Mushure mokupenya, inofanira kudurwa uye kuiswa. Shoots rakavhara zvese zvinhu zvose nekudyara zvidimbu zvidimbu muhari yakakodzera. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda kwekudiwa kwakakodzera uye kuburitswa kwekolumbia.

Kana iwe usingadi kuisa maruva acho, ipapo kucheka uye kuparadza zvinofanira kuitwa makore matatu oga oga. Pamberi penguva iyi, inodzinga inofanira kubviswa, ichisiya masendimita makumi maviri nemashanu mushure mokupenya. Kana matavi akadonha, anofanira kusungirirwa uye kutsigirwa nemabatsiro emasango.

Kubereka

Haisi kungodiridza chete, kupindira kunoda columbine. Pamba, kubereka kunoitwa nenzira mbiri:

• Mbeu. Miti yacho inofanira kudyarwa pakutanga kwechando. Kana kusina ivhu, ipapo peat nyika uye yakanaka yejecha ichaita. Zvinotarisirwa kuti nguva dzose uite mvura yekudziisa uye yekutonhora (zvingasvika 25 degrees uye kwete kupfuura 28). Mafupa anotanga kuonekwa shure kwemazuva makumi maviri.
• Cuttings. Mamiriro ekutanga pasi apo makoroni achashanduka zvakajeka, kutarisira. Pamba, kuberekwa kunogona kuitwa nekubatsirwa kwechekiti. Iyi nzira yakakodzera chero nguva yegore. Kubva pamatavi akareba kunokosha kubvisa pamasendimita 10. Vanoisa mumvura imire, uye voisa mu substrate. Kunwisa kunowanikwa apo ivhu rakaoma.

Kana mbeu yacho ikasimwa, inofanira kunyatsotarisirwa. Kubvisa zvipembenene zvichabatsira makemikari, izvo zvinofanira kudirwa nemaruva. Vanonyanyisa juisi inobatwa nezvipembenene. Kudzokorora kunodzokorora mushure mevhiki.

Ultraviolet irradiation inoderedza ngozi yechirwere chemuti. Nzira dzinofanirwa kuitwa vhiki rese. Inotarisirwa kuisa rutivi rwemashure emashizha, sezvo inowanzogarwa nezvipembenene zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvemuti.

Kana iwe ukatevedzera mitemo iyi iri nyore, ipapo ruva ruchave rwakarongedzwa kwese kwese. Ijiji yakakodzera, chando, kunwisa uye gore negore kunatswa kubva kumafuro zvinodiwa. Zvadaro columbine ichabuda gore negore. Miti yacho inokwanisa kuita chero nzvimbo inofadza. Maererano nevakadzi vazhinji veimba, iri duva rinoremekedzwa uye rinokura zvakanaka kumba.