Coal Ukraine muhurongwa. Purezidhendi rokutanga kuUkraine. Ukraine kuti mutungamiri mutsva

December 8, 1991 acharangarirwa pasi rose musangano iri Bialowieza Forest muna Belarus, apo chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pamusoro goho nhatu necheSalvic chinoda of USSR uye pakusikwa Commonwealth pakati Independent States. Kubvira vakatanga chinoshingaira geopolitical kuchinja, izvo chaizvo akasuwa kufungisisa zvose nhengo raro nanhasi. Ngatitarisei chii vaiva Vatungamiri Ukraine. In sezvairayirwa vakanga vashanu, asi vamwe vavo vari kuedza nharo kuti, saka unofanira kuongorora nyaya yacho.

Zvimwe zvinofanira kutanga munhu ari zvakananga uye dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro secession kubva USSR. On chikamu Ukraine, aiva Leonid Kravchuk, asi isu kuuya unenge shure, asi kuti ikozvino, kuti arege vanounyanisa muronga zviitiko, zvakafanira kuona munhu akadaro sezvo Mihail Grushevsky. Purezidhendi Ukraine rokutanga ane basa rinokosha uye aifanira kukurira matambudziko akawanda. Vakanga zita pashure Leonid Kravchuk, uye Hrushevsky pane imwe nguva vakashanda sezvo musoro Central Council. In parlance ano, ndiye aiva mutauri, nekuti nzvimbo dzakadai president, haana kurarama. It inodonongodzwa chinyorwa cheBumbiro reMitemo, iro rakanga kunotenderwa Central Batsirai April 29, 1918. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe munhu nokuti Ukraine zviri zvikuru chinokosha - kunyange 50 Ukrainian Hryvnia anoratidza asian ake. Munguva chimurenga, musayendisiti uye wenhoroondo akamira "achidzora" simba kudzidzinga yakasimbiswa, chaizvoizvo, saizvozvo iye akabviswa (achishandisa chimurenga). Kutaura zvazviri, nokuti Ukraine nzira iyi simba kuchinja chaizvo nevakawanda nhasi, rinenge rose Vatungamiri kuUkraine muna kuti zvakachinjwa nenzira iyi.

rusununguko zuva

The Verkhovna Batsirai of Ukrainian SSR muna 1991 August 24 vava chiito, umo Ukraine ndizvo rusununguko. Pakutanga, Independence Day rweUkraine akazivisa yaiva 16 July (asi gore rakatevera, muna 1992, kwakasarudzwa kuchinja kuti 24 August). Nokukurumidza pashure rusununguko muna referendamu wakapiwa vanopfuura 90% mavhoti ose vakakanda. Nechekare December 1, 1991 yakazvimirira Hurumende akabata rayo akananga musarudzo wokutanga Ukraine, umo Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk akagamuchira anopfuura 61% of vhoti.

Kravchuk rumbidzo sezvakanga achitsoropodzwa. Negative naPauro ndiko kunonyanya nokuti kuti zvaireva sarudzo pakarepo, pakarepo "kuramba" yeRussia uye shoma ukama, ezvoupfumi uye enyika. Asi nemhaka yake vakaramba nemano kufambisa pakati pemauto enyika, iye akakwanisa kuchengeta Crimea mune ramangwana sechinhu zvionera zvokuvhoterwa, kunongova chikamu Ukraine. Sezvaakataura purezidhendi Ukraine Kravchuk wokutanga, akaedza kuita zvose Ukraine yawana kuzvitonga murunyararo, pasina ropa.

Nzira mutungamiri wokutanga: kuvhurwa

Kravchuk aimbonetseka manomano uye vaigona enyika mutungamiri, pauduku uye kuyaruka Leonida Makarovicha basa bato akange orema. Akashandisa kuyeuka anenge 50 magiramu pamusoro Halva, akapa amai vake nezuva rekuberekwa kwake kana chinochechenya yemapuranga skates. Next akagara yunivhesiti dhomitari 12 vakomana, asi zvose matambudziko vakanga vakabudirira akasiyiwa pashure chikoro uye vakatamira Chernivtsi Financial Technical School kudzidzisa enyika upfumi muna 1958. With zvose basa yebato rava nani zvikuru, uye kurarama 1991 - nyore.

Purezidhendi Ukraine rokutanga rava pamutemo chete pashure Pakutsaurirwa. For Leonid Kravchuk uye chikwata chake, uyu aiva inokosha chaizvo basa, sezvo zvakaitika kokutanga. Sezvingatarisirwa, zvakanga zvakakodzera kutora mhiko kuna Constitution iyoyo, asi pamwe chete, zvakanzi aronga kupa mhiko uye Peresopnytsia Gospel, sezvo zvakaita panguva iyoyo kupfuura yekare neKijuni Ukraine. Nokuti kuti apo rwenyika yakanga isati yatangwa, Kumutungamiriri vakakokwawo, uyo akaita "Mwari mukuru, vakabatana, tinochengeta Ukraine." Saka pamutemo chikamu aitarisira, uye mutungamiri Ukraine rokutanga pamutemo akatora muhofisi.

Mutungamiri wechipiri

Yapurezidhendi Leonida Makarovicha anyanya pfupi nguva, uye muna July 1994 rechipiri kumativi, akarasikirwa hapana nguva mamiriro Prime Minister Leonidu Danilovichu Kuchme. Mashoko okuti "kuti vasina kukosha uye vakarasikirwa - watinoshevedzera" zvinogona kwazvo kunzi nezvenhoroondo yechipiri pamusoro purezidhendi mumiriri. The pamazita pamabasa ake yakakura zvokuti Ukrainian vanhu vanogona kuva zvizere chokudada uye truest chezwi "shaiwa" pairi. Panguva iyoyowo, uye mazita yezvikanganiso ake se "kuenda apa se haichatarisiki", saka pane vavengi mitemo yake.

Kubudirira uye Kukundikana

Mumakore gumi yaaiva musoro wehurumende (pakati ichi ndicho wakarebesa nguva dzose) President Kuchma aigona kudzivisa "anopenga" mitengo, sezvo pashure pokuwa USSR, Ukraine akanga ari zvoupfumi buri zvikuru. The President aiva lifeline chaiyo mumusika upfumi munyika ano nyika Ukrainian noukama munyika. Kuburikidza ake nokuchinja nyika haina ndokuburuka pasi upfumi.

Muna 1996, rimwe zvachose uye akatsiga mari wakatangwa, raiva zita Hryvnia. Maererano nenyanzvi, rakabatsirawo kusimbisa upfumi munyika. Kuchma haana kuvanza chokwadi kuti vakananga EU, asi panguva imwe chete, akanga asina kukurumidza kuputsa pedyo ukama Russia, kunosimbiswazve nemashoko vakawanda zvibvumirano. Pakati ava inonzi Big Treaty, izvo zvakabvumiranwa akanyengetedza pakati penyika mbiri dzinoverengeka kiyi maindasitiri uye nzvimbo zvikurukuru akabatsirwa Ukraine pacharo, zvichiita kuti dzakazara kuridza renyika.

Asi pane vamwe Kuchma uye maitiro "kukodzera", vamwe unproven, uye avo vari nekusimba, nyore "hushed kumusoro". Pakati pavo anogona Wakacherechedza kuti aponde pasingadiwi Kuchma wenhau Georgiy Gongadze, kuti "vakachera pasi paro" uye akanga zvikuru anoyevedza tsvina, izvo zvinogona kukonzera zvinetso zvakakomba kuti purezidhendi panguva iyoyo. Charge ichi Kuchma handina rapera, uye muna 2004 vanhu vakatsamwa, sezvo chirimwa "Krivorozhstal" akatengeswa kuti mwanakomana-kwake - Viktor Pinchuk. Munguva Kuchma akava kwakapararira uori uye oligarchy. Zvadaro - achiri yakawanda mhosva pamusoro embezzlement kwezvirongwa mari uye vakaedza kuchinja remitemo kugara kwenguva wechitatu izwi. Asi hapana akauya pamusoro payo, pakupedzisira - rakatevera vemutungamiri sarudzo, umo Viktor Yanukovych akunda.

Viktor Yanukovych uye Orange Revolution

Mugore vemutungamiri sarudzo 2004 vakakunda mutungamiri remangwana Ukraine Yanukovich. Uye zvose zvakanaka, chete raiva sangano rimwe vakawanda danidziro okutsutsumwa kwakaitika wokuUkraine guru, Kiev, on Independence Square. Revolution, gare gare chakazonzi "orenji", rakarongwa kuitwawo nevanotsigira Viktor Yushchenko nokuda chiziviso of Central Electoral Commission of zvabuda, umo mukukunda Viktor Yanukovych. Ivo zvichipomerwa zvakasiyana zvakasimba kubva date eksit-yakaitwa uye vakashumira podovdom nokuda kwezvaizosarudzwa kuzodzosera kuchengeta kumativi wechipiri, inova nguva chakazonzi "chetatu". Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chimurenga ichi somutariri mberi Kupopota ruvara nokumukirana zvakafanana Georgia, Turkey, uye ikozvino China. Saka, wechitatu kumativi kwakaratidza kuti urove Viktor Yushchenko, pasinei nokuti makorokoto iri kugadzwa kwake sezvo President Viktor Yanukovych akatotora akatanga kutora pamisoro inoti akadai Russia uye Belarus.

Saka, kana dzimwe kure nyika dzokuMadokero vakanga vasingafariri muUkraine ndisingatombozive kupi nyika iyi, mushure pokuchinja, akava nyika akakurumbira. Zvichakadai, January 23, 2005 Victor Yushchenko akatora mhiko Peresopnytsia Gospel uye Constitution rweUkraine, uyewo zvose Vatungamiri muUkraine (ari hurongwa akanga wechitatu). Pashure paizvozvo, akaenda pachivara akaita nhaurwa nomufaro.

Board Victor Yushchenko

Paaiva gavhuna Viktor Yuschenko akaratidza kuva mutsigiri rapprochement pamwe United States, NATO uye EU. Panguva utungamiriri hwake, pakanga kuregawo simba zvikuru zvose ukama Russia: zvemweya, enyika, zvoupfumi. Aida kubhadhara chikwereti Russian gasi, kuti vaite kukurukura nzvimbo muridzi Sea Black uye kugara mairi Black Sea Fleet of Russian Federation.

President Yushchenko, richisvika pambiru musoro wehurumende uye kuwana simba rizere, achiri pasi euphoria of Orange Revolution, pakarepo bvisa vose vanhu kubvira zvavo mbiru kubva nehurumende yaivapo todzitsiva vaya vakatamira naye. Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko ambopiwa kuti Paramende. Izvi zvaitwa Yushchenko kugadzirira chigaro nevarume vake reparamende. Panguva ino, pane mahwanda mu "Orange mubatanidzwa". The political dambudziko iri kuwedzera mhosva ne "Gazprom" iri kumashure. Saka, purezidhendi haana nguva kubata matambudziko munyika, uye panguva ino rinopikisa Viktor Yanukovych ( "Party pakati Regions") uye Petro Symonenko ( "Communist Party rweUkraine"), pamwe Yulia Tymoshenko ( "Yababa") zvinoda impeachment pakati purezidhendi.

Yulia Tymoshenko uye chikwata chake akatanga "untwist" unyengeri Zvirongwa Yushchenko pakuzivikanwa zvikuru zvizhinji zvinofadza zvine chokuita awarding yakawanda paruzhinji mari kuburikidza privatization uye goko makambani, muenzaniso uyu - ". Rosukrenergo" Panguva utungamiriri hwake Yushchenko akakwanisa kuparadzira akawandisa mibayiro uye mirairo dubious munorumbidzirweiko anenge zvose hama dzavo.

Mushure mechinguva zvinova pachena kuti zvinoreva impeachment pakati purezidhendi hakusi, sezvo ayo kureva rakanyatsojeka yakaderera (pasinei akanga achitarisira vazotsvaga kechipiri rokuti), nokuti kuti haasi kure sarudzo, izvo kare ataurwa Yulia Tymoshenko wake chikuru anokumhan'arira - Viktor Yanukovych.

dzokera

Muna 2010, kuuya Sarudzo wenyika iri rinenge hapana mubvunzo kuti chitsva President Ukrainian achava Viktor Fedorovich Yanukovich. Elections kwaiitirwawo vaitenderera maviri. Sezvaitarisirwa, vatungamiriri vakabvumirana "Party pamusoro Regions" uye "Yababa". Saka, musi February 14 pashure kuverengwa mavhoti, zvakava pachena kuti mukukunda Viktor Yanukovych. Munguva kutangwa purezidhendi akanga mashomanene zvinonakidza nyaya dzisina kukwanisa kutiza pfungwa venhau uye vavengi Yanukovych. Chero bedzi purezidhendi yemberi Ukraine Yanukovych akanga kugadzirira vatsaurire yake, mazuva maviri asati ari shongwe kuti havaoni kuti Kiev nokuda ngura yacho simbi vakawira paHorebhi manhamba uye Cheek (Kyi, Cheek, paHorebhu - havaoni kuti Kiev). Vamwe ichi nyaya vakakwanisa vasunge kusvika kukasaitwa kuitwa nzvimbo Verkhovna Batsirai. Asi chinhu kunonakidza chiitiko kwete chete. Panguva apo purezidhendi ramangwana akapinda yeParamende building, pamberi pake pakarepo akatanga kuvhara mukova.

akavimbisa kuzadzisa

Sezvo vose zvapfuura mapurezidhendi, bhodhi Yanukovych yakatanga kusikwa kutwasuka vanhu kumativi purezidhendi. Akadana vavengi vake "kunoviga katemo" kuti basa rinobudirira. Saka vakatanga nokutambudzwa enyika yose Yulia Tymoshenko uye Yuriy Lutsenko, uyo vakazopiwa mhosva uye kugara mujeri rinoreva zvakasiyana siyana munyaya. Sezvingatarisirwa, Viktor Yanukovych akakurudzira vose kuti zvematongerwe vavariro iyi, asi tenda mazviri havaratidzi.

Maererano President Yanukovych, zvino hatigoni kutaura kuti panguva yokutonga kwake haana asvika chero mhinduro. The dambudziko rakanga kuti, mukusiyana vose yapfuura mapurezidhendi, akanga yenzira hakusi kusimbisa ukama kuMadokero, uye pamusoro pokumuka Rara Russia, izvo zvisiri kunyanya aifarira "aifarira-European" Mutemo. Somugumisiro, musarudzo dziri muUkraine kutora nzvimbo pakanyorwa kumukira itsva.

zvakare chimurenga

Nechekare zuva 2013 - mangwanani 2014 isu kuwana European chimurenga kana "chiremerera chimurenga", apo vakwegura uye navatungamiri itsva "the maidan" akasarudza vabatane kuti kushandisa chimurenga kushandura hurumende. Vane zvinoitika - uye somugumisiro Yanukovych anotiza nyika. Munguva yehondo anotanga kugadzirira inotevera sarudzo, uye kare pane nerunyerekupe kuti Poroshenko - President rweUkraine.

Petro Poroshenko

Chinenge hapana vakakahadzika kuti rimwe basa vatungamiriri "the maidan" achava purezidhendi. Kana Petro Poroshenko, haisi kuzivikanwa nevakawanda sezvo wezvematongerwe enyika, asi zvakawanda somunhu muzvinabhizimisi, muridzi inozivikanwa confectionery kambani Roshen. Anenge zvose, kunze Peter Poroshenko, vakanga hwokugadzira vaida utungamiriri Ukraine. The Pamazita yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo. The vaida yapurezidhendi methyl kunyange Darth Vader - anoda kubhabhatidzwa wacho "Internet Party rweUkraine", asi wakasuduruka panguva yokupedzisira. The kuvhota haana kutora chikamu Crimea, sezvo panguva vaigara yaro akavhotera mu referendum kubatana Russian Federation, uye, chokwadi, vokumabvazuva kumatunhu Ukraine - Donetsk uye Luhansk dunhu - nokuda kunoenderera zvechiuto akavhiyiwa munharaunda idzi. Kutangwa wenyika Ukraine Poroshenko, kufanana Yanukovych, zvakare haana pasina yayo dzinonakidza nguva. Nepo Poroshenko achifamba pasi dzvuku kapeti kuna Verkhovna Batsirai, mumwe murwi wavarindi yapamberi, sezviri pachena, akatora kupisa sitiroko, iyo ndokusaka zvikanyauka rwake pfuti uye akapotsa vakafenda. Panyaya iyi, purezidhendi ramangwana vakafamba kare sokunge vaicherechedza.

Talk pamusoro dzakananga dzacho vachiri mangwanani, nokuti chokwadi muhondo iri kumabvazuva Ukraine Zvakaoma chaizvo kupa mukana wakakwana kupima Poroshenko. The President rweUkraine, senguva dzose, anoti chezvipo vakapamba, uye kushandisa vasingadzikurudzire matanho akashinga kutarisa remangwana rakajeka.

Ndivo zvose Vatungamiri kuUkraine kuitira kubva pakutanga zvikuru (munyama kutaura "vokupedzisira"). Unogona kutenda nomwoyo wose chete pakuti pane ichi vemutungamiri the saga yokuUkraine, ari pfupi rusununguko akakwanisa Achapedza nokumukirana shoma, uye vazhinji shanu mapurezidhendi, zvichava pamusoro, uye nyika achawana mutungamiri simba. Pasinei kosi zvichaita kuomerera purezidhendi mutsva Ukraine, kuWestern kana Russian, ndiko chete zvakakosha kuti vagari vanonzwa ndakachengeteka, saka kuti pensioners mudyandigere Takauyira, uye vanhuwo - the muhoro. Asi kuti uite izvi, unofanira kuita zvose, uye kunyange zvizhinji kunoenderana unhu purezidhendi, usakanganwa pamusoro vanhu boka racho yake, idzo dzinofanira kufarira kwete chete kwavo zvakanaka, asi zvakanakira vanhu vake. Izvi zviri zvikuru chinangwa upi kuzvipira pamusoro wezvematongerwe enyika, ndoda purezidhendi yakazvimirira nyika.