Basic zvoupfumi pfungwa sehwaro chinobudirira kushanda chero mhando

mabhizimisi ose uye basa rose rinofanira kubva ruzivo zvoupfumi. Chete kukwanisa kuongorora basa zvoupfumi sangano iri huripo pamusika mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumira kuzadzika vakarongeka uye kunobatsira kushanda sangano. Ndicho chikonzero chero maneja, maneja uye, chokwadi, Economist vanofanira kuziva zvinokosha upfumi dzidziso. Mushure zvose, ndizvo chii irimo zvose zvemazuva noukama chinokosha-mari, zviga kushanda kumusika uye ayo kukura womuenzaniso inobva dzidziso huru varume vakaratidza papepa uye tsika kudiwa ruzivo uye nhaka zvinokosha kwekuronga uye ongororo.

Kunyatsogona upfumi dzidziso rinosanganisira akawandisa nyaya munguva pakuonekwa, inotungamirwa uye kukura zvoupfumi pfungwa uye yose upfumi hwose nemamwe maonero. Kutanga kwacho yokuberekwa nesayenzi ichi vakaisa vazivi vekare - Aristotle uye Xenophon. Yaiva nguva yokutanga vakashandisa izwi akadai "mari". Shoko iri rine midzi Greek uye, panguva chinorehwa sayenzi rokuchenesa.

Dzidziso uye nokufungisisa Xenophon yave reinterpreted ne Ages nevarume. Chokutanga izvi raiva Montchretien, rinomiririra wokutanga upfumi chikoro - merkantelizma chikoro. In panhengo ichi upfumi kufamba vateveri sayenzi kwave aionekwa mitemo yave kutanga kwete chete wechipfuwo, asiwo yose magariro upfumi hwose.

mupiro wake zvinokosha upfumi dzidziso vane Physiocrats (Quesnay uye Turgot), kufunga kurima seinokonzera chikuru uye zvazvisingarambiki mari. Classical School akadzidza enyika upfumi pahwaro kuti sayenzi iyi inobva nheyo zvakachengeterwa dzidziso basa rinokosha. Panyaya iyi, chikuru tsime vapfume kuti havaoni ayo (Smith uye Ricardo) kuonekwa pakuburitswa uye vakasununguka musika ukama.

Chokwadi, chikuru basa kukura nheyo upfumi dzidziso vane inofananidza nokuyerera yakadai, somunhu Marxist enyika upfumi. Its Vamiririri dzepamusorosoro uye havaoni - Marx uye Shona - nharo kuti pavapenyu munzanga - gutsaruzhinji, zvizere renunciation pakati capitalist vainyepera uye bhodhi ehurumende, vakasarudza uye gona vanhu.

Shoko rokuti "Upfumi" wakatangwa mumiririri mukuru neoclassical chikoro Marshall. Ndiye akatanga kuongorora uye kudzidza nheyo paumbwe pamisika mitengo uye zvinoita sei nayo. Vateveri pfungwa iyi vakaongorora nesungano pakati pomugove uye kudiwa sezvo ukama pakati mutengesi uye mutengi, avo maitiro uye mafungiro zvinhu achifurira sarudzo yavo.

Keynes (muvambi wechikoro Keynesian) vangagadzirisa nenhungamiro upfumi dzidziso, kunobva neoclassical, muchitenda kuti nepamusika mashandiro havagoni kuva hwokuzvidzora ndangariro - kukura utano uye kusimudzira kudiwa hurumende kupindira mune muchimiro fiscal uye mari nehurumende. Muteveri ichi Muitiro ndiye nzvimbo zvechechi, uyo akakurukura dzidziso post-maindasitiri munzanga.

Tinogona nechivimbo vanoti kuti chero chikoro anofunga upfumi kune rimwe riri yamunenge uchivakumbira muchiitwa dzavo saka pane rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma zvido, havagoni kurarama pasina dzongonyedzo nezvimwe zvakakosha zvinoriumba. No dzidziso haagoni zvizere chinangwa mamiriro ezvinhu, saka ari yakatarwa maonero, nechimwe akasiyana-siyana mashoko, dzidziso uye axioms ano upfumi dzidziso.