Chizvarwa Kujekerwa mu Russia

Munyika kwakaratidzwa tsika namasere remakore Chizvarwa Kuvhenekerwa, iyo akasiya ayo rupawo zvakadzama munhau. Panguva ino chinoguma kuvapo kwayo zvakadaro mirayiridzo sezvo Baroque, Rococo akatsiva. MuEurope, inotanga hondo pakati kudzidza mutsa, asi ndinoonga kuti mabhuku vanoshingaira kwevanhu uye akaumba hurumende.

Akaberekwa muna England, nemhaka kukura njere kufamba pfungwa inokosha muuzivi dzidzo iri zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kupararira Germany, France, Russia, uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope.

Kunyanya simba vaiva vadzidzisi kubva France - Diderot, Rousseau, d'Alembert, Helvetius, Voltaire, uyo aizviti mumwe "nevafungi enyika". Vaitenda kuti Mwari ariko, pfungwa nemafungiro uye ruzivo vakakwanisa muputse kuti zvisingachashandi muitiro, kushandura tsika uye zvetsika zvine chokuita, uye zvichaita mhanyisa panguva nhoroondo rikurumidze uye ramangwana mumagariro kushanduka.

Unyanzvi Kujekerwa inosimudzira ukuru chikonzero, rusununguko, uye mufaro, chaizvoizvo, akaedza kuratidza pfungwa idzi. Ndicho chikonzero mabhuku kuratidzirana pamusoro vatambi vari ndiye ane kubvunzana pfungwa, pfungwa yokururamisira, vanokwanisa dambudziko mukusaziva.

Mabhuku Rococo anopa muverengi inorondedzerwa zvakajeka landscape, pun, kutaura chibhende, kwakarungwa zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika ose frivolity uye dzakasiyiwa. Zvikurukuru kuoneka sezvinoita Voltaire, Montesquieu, Lesanzha.

Chizvarwa Kujekerwa muRussia akatanga Peter Mukuru. Pakazopera kwake ushe, kuchinja Russian nechivimbo kufamba kune "Europeanization", munyaya tsika West. Inotungamirwa Science, Education akabva nokukurumidza.

Chizvarwa Kujekerwa muRussia vakauya nemagazini, mapepanhau, portraiture.

Pakazosvika Russian muvanhu 18 fung remakore, izvo vaiona zvakawanda kana zvishoma vakadzidza, hwakanga chete vamiririri Moscow uye St. Petersburg kwamachinda, uyewo vashomashoma vakadzidza vanhuwo.

Nokuti Europe, chiero rakanga Kujekerwa French. Naizvozvo, zera kuvhenekerwa mu Russia kwakaita kuwedzera nemagariro ukama France, kunyanya pashure yechipiri yezana nemisere remakore. The avakuru vakapiwa mukana atore unyanzvi uye mabhuku panguva pavakaenda kunze, uye rakanaka ruzivo mutauro Voltaire, Diderot, uye vakwanise kudzidza mabasa Kujekerwa. raiverengwa akadzidza Russian vanhu mabasa akadai se "Mhandara Orleans", "Nun," "akaremara dhiyabhorosi," "dzisina kungwara zvishongo", "Tsamba Persian" uye dzimwe ounyanzvi dzadzidza nhungamiro, iyo inorondedzera "imhute zororo, iyo yaitongwa Venus uye Mwari ainzi Bacchus" vazhinji .

Zvisinei, Kujekerwa kuRussia zvakasiyana kubva European shanduro, uye mbeu dzayo "germinated" riri mumhuri ivhu, akapa siyanei mugumisiro pane kuMadokero.

Russian Petro nguva, uye gare gare, apo ushe Catherine II, yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo kubva Voltaire kuti France. Brilliant Empire, seri France iyo yaiva nyika yakakura rine vanhu vasiri kusimudza musoro wake kubva rinorema purazi basa, aiva wechitatu pfuma, iyo yaizoita, munyika dzokuMadokero, mambo zvinoisa pachavo zvinodiwa ayo.

The Age of Kuvhenekerwa Mune Russia rinotsigirwa kwamachinda uye autocracy, izvo akashandisa Western tsika zvinofurira itsva kuchengetedza huripo serfdom.

Uye kunyange afa Petro akaenda pamusoro reformism Catherine ll, zviroto chokuva zvechokwadi "chinoziva mambokadzi" Vadzidzisi Russian vaiva Dashkova, Golitsyn, uye Sumarokov, novikov, Fonvizin nevamwe vakaedza modernize kuRussia chokwadi.